References
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID data tracker. [cited 2022 Feb 1]. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#datatracker-home.
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. New COVID-19 Projections. September 30, 2021. [cited 2021 Oct 1]. http://www.healthdata.org/covid/video/insights-ihmes-latest-covid-19-model-run.
- Callaway E. Beyond omicron: what’s next for COVID’s viral evolution. Nature. 2021;600(7888):204–207.
- Marist Poll. NPR/PBS newshour/marist national poll: COVID. [2021; cited 2021 Oct 1]. https://maristpoll.marist.edu/polls/npr-pbs-newshour-marist-national-poll-covid-september-3-2021/.
- Naaber P, Tserel L, Kangro K, et al. Dynamics of antibody response to BNT162b2 vaccine after six months: a longitudinal prospective study. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021;10:100208.
- Thomas SJ, Moreira ED, Kitchin N, et al. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA covid-19 vaccine through 6 months. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(19):1761–1773.
- ReYeyati EL, Filippini F. (Global Economy and Development Program at Brookings). Social and economic impact of COVID-19. Brookings Global Working Paper #158. 2021. Available from: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Social-and-economic-impact-COVID.pdf
- U.S. Congressional Research Service. Global Economic Effects of COVID-19 (R46270); 2021. By James K. Jackson, Martin A. Weiss, Andres B. Schwarzenberg, Rebecca M. Nelson, Karen M. Sutter, Michael D. Sutherland. Text in: LexisNexis® Congressional Research Digital Collection; [cited 2021 Nov 30].
- Bartsch MCF, JA, McKinnell KJ, O’Shea, et al. The potential health care costs and resource use associated with COVID-19 in the United States. Health Aff. 2020;39(6):927–935.
- Padula WV, Malaviya S, Reid NM, et al. Economic value of vaccines to address the COVID-19 pandemic: a U.S. cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis. J Med Econ. 2021;24(1):1060–1069.
- Inserro A. Gilead sciences sets US price for COVID-19 drug at $2340 to $3120 based on insurance. [2020; cited 2021 Oct 22]. https://www.ajmc.com/view/gilead-sciences-sets-us-price-for-covid19-drug-at-2340-to-3120-based-on-insurance..
- Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA limits use of certain monoclonal antibodies to treat COVID-19 due to the omicron variant. 2022. [cited 2022 Feb 17]. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-limits-use-certain-monoclonal-antibodies-treat-covid-19-due-omicron.
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Rapid expert consultation on allocating COVID-19 monoclonal antibody therapies and other novel therapeutics (January 29, 2021). Washington (DC): The National Academies Press; 2021.
- Fact sheet for healthcare providers: emergency use authorization for PAXLOVID™. New York City (NY): Pfizer Inc.; 2021.
- Fact sheet for healthcare providers: emergency use authorization for MOLNUPIRAVIR™. Whitehouse Station (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc.; 2022.
- González E. PUVA for psoriasis. Dermatol Clin. 1995;13(4):851–866.
- Wang KK, Kim JY. Photodynamic therapy in Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2003;13(3):483–489.
- Møller KI, Kongshoj B, Philipsen PA, et al. How Finsen’s light cured lupus vulgaris. Photoderm Photoimm Photomed. 2005;21(3):118–124.
- Wiehe A, O’Brien JM, Senge MO. Trends and targets in antiviral phototherapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2019;18(11):2565–2612.
- Dai T, Gupta A, Murray CK, et al. Blue light for infectious diseases: propionibacterium acnes, Helicobacter pylori, and beyond? Drug Resist Updat. 2012;15(4):223–236.
- Enwemeka CS, Bumah VV, Masson-Meyers DS. Light as a potential treatment for pandemic coronavirus infections: a perspective. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2020;207:111891.
- Stasko N, Kocher JF, Annas A, et al. Visible blue light inhibits infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 at doses that are well-tolerated by human respiratory tissue. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1–13.
- Stasko N, Cockrell AS, Kocher JF, et al. A randomized, controlled, feasibility study of RD-X19 in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in the outpatient setting. Clin Transl Sci. 2022. DOI:10.1111/cts.13249
- Husereau D, Drummond M, Petrou S, et al. Consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards (CHEERS) statement. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2013;29(2):117–122.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Trends in number of COVID-19 vaccinations in the US. [cited 2021 Sept 2]. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccination-trends.
- Baloxavir marboxil [package insert]. South San Francisco (CA): Genentech USA, Inc.; 2021.
- Clinical Spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. 2021. [cited 2021 Sept 1]. https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/overview/clinical-spectrum/.
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 2022. [cited 2022 Feb 18] https://toolkit.ncats.nih.gov/glossary/center-for-drug-evaluation-and-research/
- United States Census Bureau 2019. 2019 American Community survey 1-year estimates. http://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs.htm
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. United States COVID-19 cases, deaths, and laboratory testing (NAATs) by state, territory, and juridiction. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-
- Metz TD, Clifton RG, Hughes BL, et al. Disease severity and perinatal outcomes of pregnant patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Obstetr Gynecol. 2021;137(4):571–580.
- Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(13):1199–1207.
- Azar KMJ, Shen Z, Romanelli RJ, et al. Disparities in outcomes among COVID-19 patients in a large health care system in California. Health Aff (Millwood). 2020;39(7):1253–1262.
- Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of covid-19 – final report. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(19):1813–1826.
- López-Medina E, López P, Hurtado IC, et al. Effect of ivermectin on time to resolution of symptoms among adults with mild COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021;325(14):1426–1435.
- Gottlieb RL, Nirula A, Chen P, et al. Effect of bamlanivimab as monotherapy or in combination with etesevimab on viral load in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021;325(7):632–644.
- Wongvibulsin S, Garibaldi BT, Antar AAR, et al. Development of severe COVID-19 adaptive risk predictor (SCARP), a calculator to predict severe disease or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(6):777–785.
- Logue JK, Franko NM, McCulloch DJ, et al. Sequelae in adults at 6 months after COVID-19 infection. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(2):e210830.
- Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, et al. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. Lancet. 2021;397(10270):220–232.
- Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, et al. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA covid-19 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(27):2603–2615.
- Grannis SJ, Rowley EA, Ong TC, et al. Interim estimates of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-associated emergency department or urgent care clinic encounters and hospitalizations among adults during SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant predominance - Nine States, June-August 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(37):1291–1293.
- Chen J, Vullikanti A, Hoops S, et al. Medical costs of keeping the US economy open during COVID-19. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):18422.
- Congly SE, Varughese RA, Brown CE, et al. Treatment of moderate to severe respiratory COVID-19: a cost-utility analysis. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):17787.
- Gupta S, Cantor J, Simon KI, et al. Vaccinations against COVID-19 may have averted up to 140,000 deaths in the United States. Health Aff (Millwood). 2021;40(9):1465–1472.
- Charumilind S, Craven M, Lamb J, et al. [McKinsey and Company]. When will the covid-19 pandemic end? 2021. Available from: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/when-will-the-covid-19-pandemic-end.
- del Rio C, Malani P. COVID-19 in 2021-continuing uncertainty. JAMA. 2021;325(14):1389–1390.
- Carson SL, Casillas A, Castellon-Lopez Y, et al. COVID-19 vaccine decision-making factors in racial and ethnic minority communities in Los Angeles, California. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(9):e2127582.
- Jaiswal J, LoSchiavo C, Perlman DC. Disinformation, misinformation and inequality-driven mistrust in the time of COVID-19: lessons unlearned from AIDS denialism. AIDS Behav. 2020;24(10):2776–2780.
- Hall VJ, Foulkes S, Charlett A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of antibody-positive compared with antibody-negative health-care workers in England: a large, multicentre, prospective cohort study (SIREN). Lancet. 2021;397(10283):1459–1469.