343
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Summary of the First IMS Global Summit on menopause-related issues

HRT in the early menopause: scientific evidence and common perceptions

Pages 267-272 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

Quality of life

  • Haines C J, Yim S F, Chung T K, et al. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the dose effect of oral oestradiol on menopausal symptoms, psychological well being, and quality of life in postmenopausal Chinese women. Maturitas 2003; 44: 207–214
  • Haines C J, Xing S M, Park K H, Holinka C F, Ausmanas M K. Prevalence of menopausal symptoms in different ethnic groups of Asian women and responsiveness to therapy with three doses of conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate: The Pan-Asia Menopause (PAM) study. Maturitas 2005; 52: 264–276
  • Lock M. Ambiguity of ageing: Japanese menopause. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 1986; 10: 23–47
  • Obermeyer C M. Menopause across cultures: a review of the evidence. Menopause 2000; 7: 184–192
  • Tan D, Haines C J, Limpaphayom K K, Holinka C F, Ausmanas M K. Relief of vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy with three doses of conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate in postmenopausal Asian women from 11 countries: The Pan-Asia Menopause (PAM) study. Maturitas 2005; 52: 35–51
  • Hays J, Ockene J K, Brunner R L, et al. Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Effects of estrogen plus progestin on health-related quality of life. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1839–1854
  • Wiklund I, Karlberg J, Mattson L-A. Quality of life of postmenopausal women on a regimen of transdermal estradiol therapy: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 168: 824–830
  • Syrjala K L, Roth-Roemer S L, Abrams J R, et al. Prevalence and predictors of sexual dysfunction in long-term survivors of marrow transplantation. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 3148–3157

HRT, coronary heart disease, stroke and thromboembolism

  • Rossouw J E, Prentice R L, Manson J E, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA 2007; 297: 1465–1477
  • Manson J E, Allison M A, Rossouw J E, et al. Estrogen therapy and coronary-artery calcification. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 2591–2602
  • Lobo R. Evaluation of cardiovascular event rates with hormone therapy in healthy, early postmenopausal women: results from 2 large clinical trials. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 482–484
  • Grodstein F, Manson J E, Stampfer M J. Hormone therapy and coronary heart disease: the role of time since menopause and age at hormone initiation. J Womens Health 2006; 15: 35–44
  • Hendrix S L, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Johnson K C, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen on stroke in the Women's Health Initiative. Circulation 2006; 113: 2425–2434
  • Grodstein F, Manson J E, Stampfer J, Rexrode K. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and stroke. The role of time since menopause and age of initiation of hormone therapy. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 861–866
  • Cushman M, Kuller L H, Prentice R, et al. Estrogen plus progestin and risk of venous thrombosis. JAMA 2004; 292: 1573–1580
  • Canonico M, Oger E, Plu-Bureau G, et al. Hormone therapy and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women: impact of the route of estrogen administration and progestogens: the ESTHER study. Circulation 2007; 115: 840–845

Breast

  • Parkin D M, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global Cancer Statistics 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2005; 55: 74–108
  • Clemons M, Goss P. Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 276–285
  • Veronesi U, Boyle P, Goldhirsch A, et al. Breast cancer. Lancet 2005; 365: 1727–1741
  • Chlebowski R T, Hendrix S L, Langer R D, et al. Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 289: 3243–3253
  • Stefanick M L, Anderson G L, Margolis K L, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogens on breast cancer and mammography screening in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy. JAMA 2006; 295: 1647–1657
  • Chen W Y, Manson J E, Hankinson S E, et al. Unopposed estrogen therapy and the risk of invasive breast cancer. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 1027–1032
  • Newcomb P A, Egan K M, Trentham-Dietz A, et al. Prediagnostic use of hormone therapy and mortality after breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17: 864–871
  • Li C I, Daling J R. Changes in breast cancer incidence rates in the United States by histologic subtype and race/ethnicity, 1995 to 2004. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16
  • Ponti A, Rosso S, Zanetti R, Ricceri F, Tomatis M, Segnan N. Re: Breast cancer incidence, 1980–2006: combined roles of menopausal hormone therapy, screening mammography, and estrogen receptor status. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99: 1817–1818
  • Greendale G A, Reboussin B A, Sie A, et al. Effects of estrogen and estrogen-progestin on mammographic parenchymal density. Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Investigators. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130: 262–269
  • Lundström E, Bygdeson M, Svane G, Azavedo E, von Schoultz B. Neutral effect of ultra-low-dose continuous combined estradiol and norethisterone acetate on mammographic density. Climacteric 2007; 10: 249–256
  • Hofling M, Lundström E, Azavedo E, et al. Testosterone addition during menopausal hormone therapy: effects on mammographic breast density. Climacteric 2007; 10: 155–163
  • Boyd N F, Rommens J M, Vogt K, et al. Mammographic breast density as an intermediate phenotype for breast cancer. Lancet Oncol 2005; 6: 798–808
  • Santen R J, Boyd N F, Chlebowski R T, et al. Breast Cancer Prevention Collaborative Group. Critical assessment of new risk factors for breast cancer: considerations for development of an improved risk prediction model. Endocr Relat Cancer 2007; 14: 169–187

Bone

  • Jackson R D, Wactawski-Wende J, LaCroix A Z, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen on risk of fractures and BMD in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. J Bone Miner Res 2006; 21: 817–828
  • Cauley J A, Robbins J, Chen Z, et al. Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 290: 1729–1738
  • Huang A J, Ettinger B, Vitinghoff E, et al. Endogenous estrogen levels and the effects of ultra-low-dose transdermal estradiol on bone turnover and BMD in postmenopausal women. J Bone Min Res 2007; 22: 1791–1797

Cognition

  • Meyer P M, Powell L H, Wilson R S, et al. A population-based longitudinal study of cognitive functioning in the menopausal transition. Neurology 2003; 61: 801–806
  • Maki P M, Drogos L L, Rubin L H, et al. Objective hot flashes are negatively related to verbal memory performance in midlife women. Menopause 2008, in press
  • Woods N F, Smith-Dijulio K, Percival D B, et al. Symptoms during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause and their relation to endocrine levels over time: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study. J Womens Health 2007; 16: 667–677
  • Espeland M A, Rapp S R, Shumaker S A, et al. Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Conjugated equine estrogens and global cognitive function in postmenopausal women. JAMA 2004; 291: 2959–2968
  • Bagger Y Z, Tankó L B, Alexandersen P, Qin G, Christiansen C. Early postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy may prevent cognitive impairment later in life. Menopause 2005; 12: 12–17
  • Kawas C, Resnick S, Morrison A, et al. A prospective study of estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Neurology 1997; 48: 1517–1521
  • Zandi P P, Carlson M C, Plassman B L, et al. Hormone replacement therapy and incidence of Alzheimer's disease on older women the Cache County study. JAMA 2002; 288: 2123–2129
  • Tang M-X, Jacobs D, Stern Y, et al. Effect of oestrogen during menopause on risk and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 1996; 348: 429–432
  • Maki P M, Gast M J, Vieweg A J, Burriss S W, Yaffe K. Hormone therapy in menopausal women with cognitive complaints: a randomized, double-blind trial. Neurology 2007; 69: 1322–1330

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.