146
Views
36
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Metabolic syndrome and its associated risk factors in Brazilian postmenopausal women

, , , , &
Pages 431-438 | Received 25 Nov 2008, Accepted 30 Dec 2008, Published online: 19 Sep 2009

References

  • Schneider J G, Tompkins C, Blumenthal R S, Mora S. The metabolic syndrome in women. Cardiol Rev 2006; 14: 286–291
  • Ford E S, Giles W H, Dietz W H. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults. Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002; 287: 356–359
  • NCEP Expert Panel on the detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in adults. Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). JAMA 2001; 285: 2444–2449
  • Millen B E, Pencina M J, Kimokoti R W, Meigs J B, Ordovas J M, D'Agostino R B. Nutritional risk and the metabolic syndrome in women: opportunities for preventive intervention from the Framingham Nutrition Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84: 434–441
  • Mosca L, Banka C L, Benjamin E J, et al. for the Expert Panel/Writing Group. Evidence-Based Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women: 2007 Update. Circulation 2007; 115: 1481–1501
  • Sowers M F, Zheng H, Tomey K, et al. Changes in body composition in women over six years at midlife: ovarian and chronological aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 895–901
  • Janssen I, Powell L H, Crawford S, Lasley B, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Menopause and the metabolic syndrome. The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 1568–1575
  • Ding O F, Hayashi T, Zhang X J, et al. Risks of CHD identified by different criteria of metabolic syndrome and related changes of adipocytokines in elderly postmenopausal women. J Diabetes Compl 2007; 21: 315–319
  • IDF, International Diabetes Federation: the consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome, 2005. www.idf.org
  • Mesch V R, Boero L E, Siseles N O, et al. Metabolic syndrome throughout the menopausal transition: influence of age and menopausal status. Climacteric 2006; 9: 40–48
  • Zhang C, Rexrode K M, van Dam R M, Li T Y, Hu F B. Abdominal obesity and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Sixteen years of follow-up in US women. Circulation 2008; 117: 1658–1667
  • Grundy S M, Brewer H B, Jr, Cleeman J I, et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/American Heart Association Conference on Scientific Issues Related to Definition. Circulation 2004; 109: 433–438
  • Dandona P, Aljada A, Chaudhuri A, Mohanty P, Garg R. Metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive perspective based on interactions between obesity, diabetes and inflammation. Circulation 2005; 111: 1448–1454
  • Ridker P M. Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention. Circulation 2003; 107: 363–369
  • Obunai K, Jani S, Dangas G D. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of the metabolic syndrome. Med Clin North Am 2007; 91: 1169–1184
  • Lann D, LeRoith D. Insulin resistance as the underlying cause for the metabolic syndrome. Med Clin North Am 2007; 91: 1063–1077
  • Royer M, Castelo-Branco C, Blümel J E, et al. for the Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America. The US National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III): prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal Latin American women. Climacteric 2007; 10: 164–170
  • Santos A C, Lopes C, Barros H. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the city of Porto. Rev Port Cardiol 2004; 23: 45–52
  • Zabetian A, Hadaegh F, Azizi F. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adult population, concordance between the IDF with the ATPIII and the WHO definitions. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 77: 251–257
  • Ford E S. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by the International Diabetes Federation among adults in the US. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2745–2749
  • Silveira I L, Maranhão T MO, Azevedo G D. Metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women: higher prevalence in the Northeastern Region of Brazil than in other Latin American countries and the influence of obesity and socioeconomic factors. Climacteric 2007; 10: 438–441
  • Piegas L S, Avezum A, Pereira J C, et al. Risk factors for myocardial infarction in Brazil. Am Heart J 2003; 146: 331–338
  • Lobo R A. Metabolic syndrome after menopause and the role of hormones. Maturitas 2008; 20(60)10–18
  • Orchard T J, Temprosa M, Goldberg R, et al. The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome: The Diabetes Prevention Program Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med 2005; 142: 611–619
  • Deibert P, König D, Vitolins M Z, et al. Effect of a weight loss intervention on anthropometric measures and metabolic risk factors in pre- versus postmenopausal women. Nutr J 2007; 6: 31–38
  • Skouby S O, Sidelmann J J, Nilas L, Gram J, Jespersen J. The effect of continuous combined conjugated equine estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate and tibolone on cardiovascular metabolic risk factors. Climacteric 2008; 11: 489–497
  • Salpeter S R, Walsh J ME, Ormiston T M, Greyber E, Buckley N S, Salpeter E E. Meta-analysis: effect of hormone-replacement therapy on components of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Diabetes, Obes Metab 2006; 8: 538–554
  • Chu M C, Cosper P, Nakhuda G S, Lobo R A. A comparasion of oral and transderaml short-term estrogem therapy in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Fertil Steril 2006; 86: 1669–1675
  • Windler E, Zyriax B C, Eidenmüller E, Boeing H. Hormone replacement therapy and risk for coronary heart disease. Data from the CORA-study (a case-control study on women with incident coronary heart disease). Maturitas 2007; 57: 239–246
  • Welsh P, Woodward M, Rumley A, Lowe G. Associations of plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines, fibrinogen, viscosity and C-reactive protein with cardiovascular risk factors and social deprivation: the fourth Glasgow MONICA study. Br J Haematol 2008; 141: 852–861
  • Barinas-Mitchell E, Cushman M, Meilahn E N, Tracy R P, Kuller L H. Serum levels of C-reactive protein are associated with obesity, weight gain and hormone replacement therapy in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 153: 1094–1101
  • Piché M E, Lemieux S, Weisnagel S J, Corneau L, Nadeau A, Bergeron J. Relation of high sensitivity C-protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and fibrinogen abdominal adipose tissue, blood pressure, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol 2005; 96: 92–97
  • Rutter M K, Meigs J B, Sullivan L M, D'Agostino R B, Wilson P W. C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and prediction of cardiovascular events in the Framingham Offspring Study. Circulation 2004; 110: 380–385
  • Bo S, Gentile L, Ciccone G, et al. The metabolic syndrome and high C-reactive protein: prevalence and differences by sex in a southern-European population-based cohort. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2005; 21: 515–524
  • Timpson N J, Lawlor D A, Harbord R M, et al. C-reactive protein and its role in metabolic syndrome: mendelian randomisation study. Lancet 2005; 366: 1954–1959
  • Grundy S M, Hansen B, Smith S C, et al. Clinical management of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/American Heart Association Conference on Scientific Issues Related to Definition. Circulation 2004; 109: 551–556
  • Knowler W C, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler S E, et al. and Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 393–403

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.