440
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Vulvodynia – an evolving disease

&
Pages 141-146 | Received 15 Jun 2021, Accepted 11 Jul 2021, Published online: 17 Aug 2021

References

  • Harlow BL, Stewart EG. A population-based assessment of chronic unexplained vulvar pain: have we underestimated the prevalence of vulvodynia? J Am Med Women’s Assoc. 2003;58(2):82–88.
  • McElhiney J, Kelly S, Rosen R, et al. Satyriasis: the antiquity term for vulvodynia? J Sex Med. 2006;3(1):161–163.
  • Bornstein J, Goldstein AT, Stockdale CK, et al. 2015 ISSVD, ISSWSH, and IPPS consensus terminology and classification of persistent vulvar pain and vulvodynia. J Low Gen T Dis. 2016;20:145–151.
  • Reed BD, Harlow SD, Sen A, et al. Prevalence and demographic characteristics of vulvodynia in a population-based sample. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206:170–174.
  • Reed BD, Crawford S, Couper M, et al. Pain at the vulvar vestibule: a web-based survey. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2004;8:48–57.
  • Ehrstrom S, Kornfeld D, Rylander E, et al. Chronic stress in women with localised provoked vulvodynia. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2009;30(1):73–79.
  • Reed BD, Advincula AP, Fonde KR, et al. Sexual activities and attitudes of women with vulvar dysesthesia. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102:325–331.
  • Sadownik LA. Clinical profile of vulvodynia patients: a prospective study of 300 patients. J Reprod Med. 2000;45(8):679–684.
  • Loflin BJ, Westmoreland K, Williams NT. Vulvodynia: a review of the literature. J Pharmacy. 2019;35(1):11–24.
  • Mitro SD, Harlow SD, Randolph JF, et al. Chronic vulvar pain in a cohort of post-menopausal women: atrophy or vulvodynia? Women’s Midlife Health. 2016;2:4.
  • Lowenstein L, Vardi Y, Deutsch M, et al. Vulvar vestibulitis severity-assessment by sensory and pain testing modalities. Pain. 2004;107(1–2):47–53.
  • Martin LA, Hagen NA. Neuropathic pain in cancer patients: mechanisms, syndromes, and clinical controversies. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1997;14(2):99–117.
  • Pukall CF. Primary and secondary provoked vestibulodynia: a review of overlapping and distinct factors. Sex Med Rev. 2016;4(1):36–44.
  • Vasileva P, Strashilov S, Yordanov A. Aetiology, diagnosis and clinical management of vulvodynia. Prz Menopauzalny. 2020;19(1):44–48.
  • Reed BD, Plegue MA, Harlow SD, et al. Does degree of vulvar sensitivity predict vulvodynia characteristics and prognosis? J Pain. 2017;18(2):113–123.
  • Reed BD, Legocki LJ, Plegue MA, et al. Factors associated with vulvodynia incidence. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123(2 Pt 1):225–231.
  • Farmer MA, Taylor AM, Bailey AL, et al. Repeated vulvovaginal fungal infections cause persistent pain in a mouse model of vulvodynia. Sci Transl Med. 2011;3(101):101ra91–101ra91.
  • Goldstein AT, Belkin ZR, Krapf JM, et al. Polymorphisms of the androgen receptor gene and hormonal contraceptive induced provoked vestibulodynia. J Sex Med. 2014;11(11):2764–2768.
  • Burrows LJ, Basha M, Goldstein AT. The effects of hormonal contraceptives on female sexuality: a review. J Sex Med. 2012;9(9):2213–2223.
  • Nguyen RH, Ecklund AM, Maclehose RF, et al. Co-morbid pain conditions and feelings of invalidation and isolation among women with vulvodynia. Psychol Health Med. 2012;17(5):589–598.
  • Falsetta ML, Foster DC, Bonham AD, et al. A review of the available clinical therapies for vulvodynia management and new data implicating proinflammatory mediators in pain elicitation. BJOG. 2017;124(2):210–218.
  • Groysman V. Vulvodynia: new concepts and review of the literature. Dermato Clin. 2010;28(4):681–696.
  • Hampson JP, Reed BD, Clauw DJ, et al. Augmented central pain processing in vulvodynia. J Pain. 2013;14(6):579–584.
  • Giesecke J, Reed BD, Haefner HK, et al. Quantitative sensory testing in vulvodynia patients and increased peripheral pressure pain sensitivity. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104(1):126–133.
  • Nguyen RH, Veasley C, Smolenski D. Latent class analysis of comorbidity patterns among women with generalized and localized vulvodynia: preliminary findings. J Pain Res. 2013;6:303–307.
  • Henzell H, Berzins K, Langford JP. Provoked vestibulodynia: current perspectives. IJWH. 2017;9:631–642.
  • Asmundson GJ, Katz J. Understanding the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and chronic pain: state-of-the-art. Depress Anxiety. 2009;26(10):888–901.
  • Khandker M, Brady SS, Vitonis AF, et al. The influence of depression and anxiety on risk of adult onset vulvodynia. J Women’s Health. 2011;20(10):1445–1451.
  • Khandker M, Brady SS, Stewart EG, Harlow BL. Is chronic stress during childhood associated with adult-onset vulvodynia? J Women’s Health. 2014;23(8):649–656.
  • Harlow B, Stewart E. Adult-onset vulvodynia in relation to childhood violence victimization. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;161(9):871–880.
  • Masheb RM, Wang E, Lozano C, et al. Prevalence and correlates of depression in treatment-seeking women with vulvodynia. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;25(8):786–791.
  • Woolf C. What is this thing called pain? J Clin Invest. 2010;120(11):3742–3744.
  • Gentilcore-Saulnier E, McLean L, Goldfinger C, et al. Pelvic floor muscle assessment outcomes in women with and without provoked vestibulodynia and the impact of a physical therapy program. J Sex Med. 2010;7(2 Pt 2):1003–1022.
  • Micheletti L, Bogliatto F, Lynch PJ. Vulvoscopy: review of a diagnostic approach requiring clarification. J Reprod Med. 2008;53(3):179–182.
  • Goldstein AT, Pukall CF, Brown C, et al. Vulvodynia: assessment and treatment. J Sex Med. 2016;13(4):572–590.
  • Rosen NO, Dawson SJ, Brooks M, et al. Treatment of vulvodynia: pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Drugs. 2019;79(5):458–483.
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Vulvodynia; 2017 [accessed 2021 Apr 18]. Available from: https://bit.ly/2smykd9.
  • Reed BD. Vulvodynia female patient. Am Fam Phys. 2005;14:48–54.
  • Brown CS, Wan J, Bachmann G, et al. Self-management, amitriptyline, and amitriptyline plus triamcinolone in the management of vulvodynia. J Women’s Health. 2009;18(2):163–169.
  • Reed BD, Caron AM, Gorenflo DW, et al. Treatment of vulvodynia with tricyclic antidepressants: efficacy and associated factors. J Lower Gen Tract Dis. 2006;10(4):245–251.
  • Harris G, Horowitz B, Borgida A. Evaluation of gabapentin in the treatment of generalized vulvodynia, unprovoked. J Reprod Med. 2007;52:103–106.
  • Eisen A. Venlafaxine therapy for vulvodynia. Pain Clin. 1996;8:365–367.
  • Zolnoun DA, Hartmann KE, Steege JF. Overnight 5% lidocaine ointment For treatment of vulvar vestibulitis. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102(1):84–87.
  • Burrows LJ, Goldstein AT. The treatment of vestibulodynia with topical estradiol and testosterone. Sex Med. 2013;1(1):30–33.
  • Nyirjesy P, Lev-Sagie A, Mathew L, et al. Topical amitriptyline-baclofen cream for the treatment of provoked vestibulodynia. Low Genit. 2009;13(4):230–236.
  • Haefner HK, Collins ME, Davis GD, et al. The vulvodynia guideline. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2005;9(1):40–51.
  • Keppel Hesselink JM, Kopsky DJ, Sajben N, New topical treatment of vulvodynia based on the pathogenetic role of cross talk between. J Pain Res. 2016;9:757–762.
  • Bergeron S, Brown C, Lord MJ, et al. Physical therapy for vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: a retrospective study. J Sex Marital Ther. 2002;28:181–186.
  • Berghmans B. Physiotherapy for pelvic pain and female sexual dysfunction: an untapped resource. Int Urogynecol J. 2018;29(5):631–638.
  • Vallinga MS, Spoelstra SK, Hemel IL, et al. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation as an additional treatment for women suffering from therapy-resistant provoked vestibulodynia: a feasibility study. J Sex Med. 2015;12(1):228–237.
  • Goldfinger C, Pukall CF, Thibault-Gagnon S, et al. Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and physical therapy for provoked vestibulodynia: a randomized pilot study. J Sex Med. 2016;13(1):88–94.
  • Goldfinger C, Pukall CF, Gentilcore-Saulnier E, et al. A prospective study of pelvic floor physical therapy: pain and psychosexual outcomes in provoked vestibulodynia. J Sex Med. 2009;6(7):1955–1968.
  • Bergeron S, Binik YM, Khalife S, et al. Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: a critical review. Clin J Pain. 1997;13(1):27–42.
  • Danielsson I, Sjöberg I, Ostman C. Acupuncture for the treatment of vulvar vestibulitis: a pilot study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2001;80(5):437–441.
  • Tommola P, Unkila-Kallio L, Paavonen J. Surgical treatment of vulvar vestibulitis: a Review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2010;89(11):1385–1395.
  • Nguyen RHN, MacLehose RF, Veasley C, et al. Comfort in discussing vulvar pain in social relationships among women with vulvodynia. J Reprod Med. 2012;57(3–4):109–114.
  • Vieira-Baptista P, Lima-Silva J, Cavaco-Gomes J, et al. Prevalence Of vulvodynia and risk factors for the condition in Portugal. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2014;127(3):283–287.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.