257
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Closing the gap: cardiovascular disease in women

, & ORCID Icon
Pages 16-21 | Received 17 Jan 2023, Accepted 31 Oct 2023, Published online: 04 Jan 2024

References

  • Lopez AD, Adair T. Is the long-term decline in cardiovascular-disease mortality in high-income countries over? Evidence from national vital statistics. Int J Epidemiol. 2019;48(6):1815–1823. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz143.
  • Arora S, Stouffer GA, Kucharska-Newton AM, et al. Twenty year trends and sex differences in young adults hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2019;139(8):1047–1056. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037137.
  • Gabet A, Danchin N, Juilliere Y, et al. Acute coronary syndrome in women: rising hospitalizations in Middle-aged French women, 2004–14. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(14):1060–1065. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx097.
  • Cushman M, Shay CM, Howard VJ, et al. Ten-year differences in women’s awareness related to coronary heart disease: results of the 2019 American Heart Association national survey: a special report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;143(7):e239–e48. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000907.
  • Vogel B, Acevedo M, Appelman Y, et al. The Lancet women and cardiovascular disease commission: reducing the global burden by 2030. Lancet. 2021;397(10292):2385–2438. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00684-X.
  • Peters SA, Huxley RR, Woodward M. Diabetes as risk factor for incident coronary heart disease in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 64 cohorts including 858,507 individuals and 28,203 coronary events. Diabetologia. 2014;57(8):1542–1551. doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3260-6.
  • de Jong M, Woodward M, Peters SAE. Diabetes, glycated hemoglobin, and the risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: a prospective cohort study of the UK biobank. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(9):2050–2059. doi: 10.2337/dc19-2363.
  • Geraghty L, Figtree GA, Schutte AE, et al. Cardiovascular disease in women: from pathophysiology to novel and emerging risk factors. Heart Lung Circ. 2021;30(1):9–17. doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.05.108.
  • Grundy SM, Brewer HBJr., Cleeman JI, et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation. 2004;109(3):433–438. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000111245.75752.C6.
  • Janssen I, Powell LH, Crawford S, et al. Menopause and the metabolic syndrome: the study of women’s health across the nation. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(14):1568–1575. doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.14.1568.
  • Peters SA, Woodward M. Women’s reproductive factors and incident cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank. Heart. 2018;104(13):1069–1075. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312289.
  • Maas A, Rosano G, Cifkova R, et al. Cardiovascular health after menopause transition, pregnancy disorders, and other gynaecologic conditions: a consensus document from European cardiologists, gynaecologists, and endocrinologists. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(10):967–984. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa1044.
  • El Khoudary SR, Aggarwal B, Beckie TM, et al. Menopause transition and cardiovascular disease risk: implications for timing of early prevention: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;142(25):e506–e32. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000912.
  • Tepper NK, Godfrey EM, Folger SG, et al. Hormonal contraceptive use among women of older reproductive age: considering risks and benefits. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2018;27(4):413–417. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2018.6985.
  • Honigberg MC, Zekavat SM, Aragam K, et al. Association of premature natural and surgical menopause with incident cardiovascular disease. JAMA. 2019;322(24):2411–2421. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.19191.
  • Minissian MB, Kilpatrick S, Eastwood JA, et al. Association of spontaneous preterm delivery and future maternal cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2018;137(8):865–871. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031403.
  • Leon LJ, McCarthy FP, Direk K, et al. Preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease in a large UK pregnancy cohort of linked electronic health records: a CALIBER study. Circulation. 2019;140(13):1050–1060. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038080.
  • Kramer CK, Campbell S, Retnakaran R. Gestational diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2019;62(6):905–914. doi: 10.1007/s00125-019-4840-2.
  • Timpka S, Fraser A, Schyman T, et al. The value of pregnancy complication history for 10-year cardiovascular disease risk prediction in middle-aged women. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018;33(10):1003–1010. doi: 10.1007/s10654-018-0429-1.
  • Backholer K, Peters SAE, Bots SH, et al. Sex differences in the relationship between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2017;71(6):550–557. doi: 10.1136/jech-2016-207890.
  • Vallee A. Association between socio-economic status and estimated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: results from a middle-aged population-based study. Public Health. 2023;221:1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.05.014.
  • Rosengren A, Smyth A, Rangarajan S, et al. Socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in 20 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiologic (PURE) study. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(6):e748–e60. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30045-2.
  • Young L, Cho L. Unique cardiovascular risk factors in women. Heart. 2019;105(21):1656–1660. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314268.
  • Durante A, Bronzato S. The increased cardiovascular risk in patients affected by autoimmune diseases: review of the various manifestations. J Clin Med Res. 2015;7(6):379–384. doi: 10.14740/jocmr2122w.
  • Fairweather D, Frisancho-Kiss S, Rose NR. Sex differences in autoimmune disease from a pathological perspective. Am J Pathol. 2008;173(3):600–609. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.071008.
  • Back M, Yurdagul AJr, Tabas I, et al. Inflammation and its resolution in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2019;16(7):389–406. doi: 10.1038/s41569-019-0169-2.
  • Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(24):e285–e350. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.003.
  • Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(10):1376–1414. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.009.
  • Peters SAE, Colantonio LD, Zhao H, et al. Sex differences in high-intensity statin use following myocardial infarction in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(16):1729–1737. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.032.
  • Cheung AM, Lee Y, Kapral M, et al. Barriers and motivations for women to participate in cardiovascular trials. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2008;30(4):332–337. doi: 10.1016/S1701-2163(16)32802-X.
  • Lloyd-Williams F, Mair F, Shiels C, et al. Why are patients in clinical trials of heart failure not like those we see in everyday practice? J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56(12):1157–1162. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00205-1.
  • Cho L, Vest AR, O’Donoghue ML, et al. Increasing participation of women in cardiovascular trials: JACC council perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;78(7):737–751. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.06.022.
  • Yong C, Suvarna A, Harrington R, et al. Temporal trends in gender of principal investigators and patients in cardiovascular clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;81(4):428–430. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.10.038.
  • Van Spall HGC, Lala A, Deering TF, et al. Ending gender inequality in cardiovascular clinical trial leadership: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(23):2960–2972. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.04.038.
  • Gulati M, Hendry C, Parapid B, et al. Why we need specialised centres for women’s hearts: changing the face of cardiovascular care for women. Eur Cardiol. 2021;16:e52. doi: 10.15420/ecr.2021.49.
  • Gunja MZ, Seervai S, Zephyrin LC, et al. Health and health care for women of reproductive Age: how the United States compares with other high-income countries (Commonwealth Fund, Apr. 2022). Available from: https://www.commonwealthfund.org/press-release/2022/new-report-us-health-care-system-does-poor-job-serving-women-reproductive-age#:∼:text=The%20U.S.%20health%20care%20system,in%2011%20high%2Dincome%20countries.
  • Tschiderer L, Seekircher L, Willeit P, et al. Assessment of cardiovascular risk in women: progress so far and progress to come. Int J Womens Health. 2023;15:191–212. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S364012.
  • Hoyert DL. Maternal mortality rates in the United States, 2021. NCHS Health E-Stats. 2023. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/maternal-mortality/2021/maternal-mortality-rates-2021.htm.
  • Chambers ME, De Zoysa MY, Hameed AB. Screening for cardiovascular disease in pregnancy: is there a need? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2022 Mar 17;9(3):89.
  • Sharma G, Zakaria S, Michos ED, et al. Improving cardiovascular workforce competencies in cardio-obstetrics: current challenges and future directions. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(12):e015569.
  • Yu J, Park K, Chandrasekhar J, et al. Feasibility and utility of a cardiovascular risk screening tool in women undergoing routine gynecology evaluation. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2020;29(9):1150–1159. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2019.8074.
  • Brown HL, Warner JJ, Gianos E, et al. Promoting risk identification and reduction of cardiovascular disease in women through collaboration with obstetricians and gynecologists: a presidential advisory from the. Circulation. 2018;137(24):e843–e52. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000582.
  • Okoth K, Chandan JS, Marshall T, et al. Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review. BMJ. 2020;371:m3502. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3502.
  • Noone A, Howlader N, Krapcho M, et al. SEER cancer statistics review, 1975–2015. 2018. Available from: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://seer.cancer.gov/archive/csr/1975_2015/results_merged/sect_04_breast.pdf.
  • Patnaik JL, Byers T, DiGuiseppi C, et al. Cardiovascular disease competes with breast cancer as the leading cause of death for older females diagnosed with breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13(3):R64. doi: 10.1186/bcr2901.
  • Larsen CM, Garcia Arango M, Dasari H, et al. Association of anthracycline with heart failure in patients treated for breast cancer or lymphoma, 1985–2010. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(2):e2254669. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.54669.
  • Cameron D, Piccart-Gebhart MJ, Gelber RD, et al. 11 Years’ follow-up of trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive early breast cancer: final analysis of the HERceptin Adjuvant (HERA) trial. Lancet. 2017;389(10075):1195–1205. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32616-2.
  • Romond EH, Jeong JH, Rastogi P, et al. Seven-year follow-up assessment of cardiac function in NSABP B-31, a randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel (ACP) with ACP plus trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy for patients with node-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(31):3792–3799. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.40.0010.
  • Hamood R, Hamood H, Merhasin I, et al. Risk of cardiovascular disease after radiotherapy in survivors of breast cancer: a case-cohort study. J Cardiol. 2019;73(4):280–291. doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2018.10.009.
  • Berry GJ, Jorden M. Pathology of radiation and anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005;44(7):630–637. doi: 10.1002/pbc.20346.
  • Alastuey I, Noé A, Chiaramello C, et al. Low-dose radiation-induced acute pericarditis (AP) in breast cancer patient. Rep Practical Oncol Radiother. 2013;18: s 179–S180. doi: 10.1016/j.rpor.2013.03.105.
  • Borges N, Kapadia SR. Radiation-induced CAD: incidence, diagnosis, and management outcomes. American College of Cardiology. Available from: https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2018/05/24/01/44/radiation-induced-cad.
  • Lee MS, Finch W, Mahmud E. Cardiovascular complications of radiotherapy. Am J Cardiol. 2013;112(10):1688–1696. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.07.031.
  • Lyon AR, López-Fernández T, Couch LS, et al. 2022 ESC guidelines on cardio-oncology developed in collaboration with the european hematology association (EHA), the european society for therapeutic radiology and oncology (ESTRO) AND THE international cardio-oncology society (IC-OS). Eur Heart J. 2022;43(41):4229–4361. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac244 36017568.
  • Aoki-Kamiya C, Shioyama W, Nakagawa Y, et al. Cardiovascular disease among pregnant women after anticancer therapy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2021;47(7):2278–2290. doi: 10.1111/jog.14812.
  • Lau ES, Hayes SN, Volgman AS, et al. Does patient-physician gender concordance influence patient perceptions or outcomes? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(8):1135–1138. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.12.031.
  • Wu P, Mamas MA, Gulati M. Health care professional’s knowledge of pregnancy complications and women’s cardiovascular health: an international study utilizing social media. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2022;31(8):1197–1207. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0298.
  • Burgess S, Shaw E, Ellenberger K, et al. Women in medicine: addressing the gender gap in interventional cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(21):2663–2667. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.2198.
  • Burgess S, Shaw E, Zaman S. Women in cardiology. Circulation. 2019;139(8):1001–1002. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037835.
  • Benya FF, Widnall SE, Johnson PA, editors. Sexual harassment of women: climate, culture, and consequences in academic sciences, engineering, and medicine. Washington (DC): The National Academies Press; 2018.
  • Stratton TD, McLaughlin MA, Witte FM, et al. Does students’ exposure to gender discrimination and sexual harassment in medical school affect specialty choice and residency program selection? Acad Med. 2005;80(4):400–408. doi: 10.1097/00001888-200504000-00020.
  • Lewis SJ, Mehta LS, Douglas PS, et al. Changes in the professional lives of cardiologists over 2 decades. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(4):452–462. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.027.
  • European Society of Cardiology. Women in ESC. Available from: https://www.escardio.org/The-ESC/What-we-do/Initiatives/Women-in-ESC.
  • Moss A. Women in cardiology: where are we now? British Cardiovascular Society. Available from: https://www.britishcardiovascularsociety.org/resources/editorials/articles/women-in-cardiology-where-are-we-now.
  • Women as One. How are we helping women in medicine? Available from: https://womenasone.org/.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.