1,403
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Mediated Stateness as a Continuum: Exploring the Changing Governance Relations between the PLO and the Lebanese State

References

  • Abrams, P. , 1988. Notes on the difficulty of studying the state. Journal of Historical Sociology , 1 (1), 58–89.10.1111/johs.1988.1.issue-1
  • Allan, D. , 2014. Refugees of the revolution. Experiences of Palestinian exile . Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Arjona, A. , Kasfir, N. , and Mampilly, Z.C. , eds. 2015. Rebel governance in Civil War . New York: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781316182468
  • Atzili, B. , 2010. State weakness and ‘Vacuum of Power’ in Lebanon. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism , 33 (8), 757–782.10.1080/1057610X.2010.494172
  • Bacik, G. , 2008. Hybrid sovereignty in the Arab Middle East . New York: Palgrave MacMillan.10.1057/9780230610347
  • Barak, O. , 2003. Lebanon: failure, collapse, and resuscitation. In: R.I. Rotberg , ed. State failure and state weakness in a time of terror . Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 305–340.
  • Becker, J. , 1984. The PLO. The rise and fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization . London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
  • Beker, M. and Van Oordt, R. , 1991. The Palestinians in Lebanon: contradictions of state-formation in exile . Middle East Research Associates Occasional Paper No. 10. Amsterdam: Middle East Research Associates.
  • Beydoun, A. , 1992. The South Lebanon border zone: a local perspective. Journal of Palestine Studies , 21 (3), 35–53.10.2307/2537518
  • Bierschenk, T. and Olivier de Sardan, J.-P. , 1997. Local powers and a distant state in Rural Central African Republic. The Journal of Modern Africa Studies , 35 (3), 441–468.10.1017/S0022278X97002504
  • Boege, V. , Brown, A. , and Clements, K.P. , 2009. Hybrid political orders, not fragile states. Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice , 21, 13–21.10.1080/10402650802689997
  • Brynen, R. , 1989. PLO policy in Lebanon: legacies and lessons. Journal of Palestine Studies , 18 (2), 48–70.10.2307/2537633
  • Brynen, R. , 1990a. Sanctuary and survival. The PLO in Lebanon . Boulder, CO: West View Press.
  • Brynen, R. , 1990b. The politics of exile: The Palestinians in Lebanon. Journal of Refugee Studies , 3 (3), 204–227.10.1093/jrs/3.3.204
  • Chabaan, J. , 2014. Profiling deprivation. An analysis of the rapid needs assessment in Palestinian gatherings host communities in Lebanon . Beirut: United Nations Development Programme and United Nations Human Settlement Programme.
  • Cobban, H. , 1984. The Palestinian Liberation Organisation. People, power and politics . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511622007
  • Czajka, A. , 2012. Discursive constructions of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East , 32 (1), 238–254.10.1215/1089201X-1545481
  • El Ali, M. , 2005. Palestinian refugees in Camps in Lebanon: a controversial autonomy. In: Pax Christi Netherlands , ed. Security when the state fails; community responses to armed violence . The Hague: Pax Christi, 76–90.
  • El Ali, M. , 2011. EinHilweh Camp and Saida Municipality: towards a positive interaction in place and space. Beirut: Unpublished Report for the Common Space Initiative.
  • El-Khazen, F. , 2003. Political parties in post-war Lebanon: parties in search of partisans. Middle East Journal , 57 (4), 605–624.
  • Faour, M.A. , 2007. Religion, demography, and politics in Lebanon. Middle Eastern Studies , 43 (6), 909–921.10.1080/00263200701568279
  • Fregonese, S. , 2012. Beyond the ‘Weak State:’ hybrid sovereignties in Beirut. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space , 30, 655–674.10.1068/d11410
  • Haddad, S. , 2004. The origins of popular opposition against Palestinian resettlement in Lebanon. International Migration Review , 38 (2), 470–492.
  • Hagmann, T. and Hoehne, M.V. , 2009. Failures of the state failure debate: evidence from the Somali territories. Journal of International Development , 21, 42–57.10.1002/jid.v21:1
  • Hagmann, T. and Péclard, D. , 2010. Negotiating statehood: dynamics of power and domination in Africa. Development and Change , 41 (4), 539–562.10.1111/dech.2010.41.issue-4
  • Hanafi, S. , 2011. Governing the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon and Syria. In: A. Knudsen and S. Hanafi , eds. Palestinian refugees. Identity, space and place in the Levant . New York: Routledge, 29–49.
  • Hanf, T. , 1993. Coexistence in Wartime Lebanon. Decline of a state and rise of a nation . London: The Centre for Lebanese Studies in association with I.B. Tauris.
  • Hilal, N. , 2010. Investigating grey areas. Access to basic urban services in the adjacent areas of Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon . Beirut: United Nations Development Programme.
  • Hirst, D. , 2010. Beware of small states. Lebanon, battleground of the Middle East . London: Faber and Faber.
  • Hoffmann, K. and Kirk, T. , 2013. Public authority and the provision of public goods in conflict-affected and transitioning regions . London: Justice and Security Research Program.
  • Jacobsen, L.B. and Khalidi, A. , 2003. Housing and environment. In: O.F. Ugland , ed. Difficult past, uncertain future. Living conditions among Palestinian refugees in camps and gatherings in Lebanon . Norway: Norwegian People’s Aid and partners, 183–209.
  • Kasfir, N. , 2015. Rebel Governance – constructing a field of inquiry: definitions, scope, patterns, order, causes. In: A. Arjona , N. Kasfir , and Z.C. Mampilly , eds. Rebel governance in Civil War . New York: Cambridge University Press, 21–46.10.1017/CBO9781316182468
  • Khalil, O. , 2013. ‘Who Are You?’ The PLO and the limits of representation . Washington, DC: Al Shabaka.
  • Kingston, P. , 2004. States-within-states: historical and theoretical perspectives. in: P. Kingston and I.S. Spears , eds. States-Within-States. Incipient political entities post-cold war era . New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 1–14.
  • Kingston, P. and Zahar, M.-J. , 2004. Rebuilding a house of many mansions: the rise and fall of militia cantons in Lebanon. In: P. Kingston and I.S. Spears , eds. States-within-states. Incipient political entities post-cold war era . New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 81–97.
  • Klem, B.W.N. , 2012. In the wake of war. The political geography of transition in Eastern Sri Lanka . Thesis (PhD). University of Zurich.
  • Knudsen, A. , 2007. The law, the loss and the lives of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon . Bergen: Christian Michelsen Institute.
  • Knudsen, A. , 2011. Nahr Al-Bared. The political fallout of a refugee disaster. In: A. Knudsen and S. Hanafi , eds. Palestinian refugees. Identity, space and place in the levant . New York: Routledge, 97–110.
  • Knudsen, A. and Hanafi, S. , eds., 2011. Palestinian refugees. Identity, space and place in the Levant . New York: Routledge.
  • Kortam, M. , 2011. Politics, patronage and popular committees in the Shatila refugee camp, Lebanon. In: A. Knudsen and S. Hanafi , eds. Palestinian refugees. Identity, space and place in the Levant . New York: Routledge, 193–204.
  • Lambert, N. , 2016. How the PLO and Lebanese authorities became unlikely friends. The New Arab Website , 11 Sept. Available from: https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/indepth/2016/9/11/how-the-plo-and-lebanese-authorities-became-unlikely-friends.
  • Lebanese Palestinian Dialogue Committee Newsroom , 2016. Siniora and Mneymneh meet with the Palestinian Security Committee, 16 Aug. Available from: http://www.lpdc.gov.lb/statements/siniora-and-mneymneh-meet-with-the-palestinian-sec/259/en.
  • Long, T. and Hanafi, S. , 2010. Human (in)security: Palestinian perceptions of security in and around the refugee camps in Lebanon. Conflict, Security and Development , 10 (5), 673–692.10.1080/14678802.2010.511510
  • Mallat, C. , 1990. A new constitution for Lebanon: examining the ways for institutional normalization . Atlanta, GA: The Carter Center Consultation on Lebanon.
  • Mamdani, M. , 1996. Indirect rule, civil society, and ethnicity: The African Dilemma. Social Justice , 23 (1/2), 145–150.
  • Mampilly, Z.C. , 2011. Rebel rulers. Insurgent governance and civilian life during war . Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Mansour, Y. and Yassin, N. , 2010. Protecting refugees and governing spaces: the case of the reconstruction of the Nahr el-Bared Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon. In: Refugee Studies Centre Working Paper Series No. 64, No refuge: Palestinians in Lebanon . Oxford: University of Oxford, 19–32.
  • Martin, D. , 2011. The ‘where’ of sovereign power and exception. palestinian life and refugee camps in Lebanon . PhD Thesis Durham University.
  • Meagher, K. , 2012. The strength of weak states? Non-state security forces and hybrid governance in Africa. Development and Change , 43 (5), 1073–1101.10.1111/dech.2012.43.issue-5
  • Meier, D. , 2010. ‘Al Tawteen:’ the implantation problem as an idiom of the Palestinian presence in post-civil war Lebanon. Arab Studies Quarterly , 32 (3), 145–162.
  • Menkhaus, K. , 2006. Governance in the Hinterland of Africa’s weak states: toward a theory of the mediated state. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association . Philadelphia, 30 August–2 September.
  • Menkhaus, K. , 2007. Governance without government in Somalia: spoilers, state building and the politics of coping. International Security , 31 (3), 74–106.10.1162/isec.2007.31.3.74
  • Migdal, J. , 1988. Strong societies and weak states . State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Migdal, J.S. , 2001. State in society: studying how states and societies form and constitute one another . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511613067
  • Migdal, J.S. and Schlichte, K. , 2005. Rethinking the state. In: K. Schlichte , ed. The dynamics of states. The formation and crisis of state domination . Aldershot: Ashgate, 1–40.
  • Miller, A.D. , 1983. The PLO and the politics of survival . Washington, DC: Praeger.
  • Picard, E. , 2012. The virtual sovereignty of the Lebanese state: from deviant case to ideal-type. In: L. Guazzone and D. Pioppi , eds. The Arab State and neo-liberal globalization. The restructuring of state power in the Middle East . Reading: Ithaca Press, 247–275.
  • Raeymaekers, T. , Menkhaus, K. , and Vlassenroot, K. , 2008. State and non-state regulation in african protracted crises: governance without government? Afrika Focus , 21 (2), 7–21.
  • Ramadan, A. , 2008. The guests’ guests: Palestinian Refugees, Lebanese civilians, and the war of 2006. Antipode , 40 (4), 658–677.10.1111/anti.2008.40.issue-4
  • Ramadan, A. , 2009. Destroying Nahr el-Bared: sovereignty and urbicide in the space of exception. Political Geography , 28, 153–163.10.1016/j.polgeo.2009.02.004
  • Risse, T. , ed., 2013. Governance without a state? Policies and politics in areas of limited statehood . New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Rubenberg, C.A. , 1983. The civilian infrastructure of the Palestinian Liberation Organization: an analysis of the PLO in Lebanon until June 1982. Journal for Palestine Studies , 12 (3), 54–78.
  • Saseen, S.M. , 1990. The Taif Accord and Lebanon’s struggle to regain its sovereignty. American University International Law Review , 6 (1), 57–75.
  • Sayigh, R. , 1995. Palestinians in Lebanon: harsh present, uncertain future. Journal of Palestine Studies , 25 (1), 37–53.10.2307/2538103
  • Sayigh, Y. , 1997a. Armed struggle and state formation. Journal of Palestine Studies , 26 (4), 17–32.10.2307/2537904
  • Sayigh, Y. , 1997b. Armed struggle and the search for state. The Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993 . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Scott, J. , 2009. The art of not being governed: an anarchist history of upland South Asia . New Haven, CT: Yale University.
  • Sfeir, J. , 2010. Palestinians in Lebanon: the birth of the enemy within. In: M.A. Khalidi , ed. Manifestations of identity. The lived reality of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon . Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies and Institut francais du Proche-Orient, 13–35.
  • Shiblak, A. , 1997. Palestinians in Lebanon and the PLO. Journal of Refugee Studies , 10 (3), 261–274.10.1093/jrs/10.3.261
  • Siklawi, R. , 2010. The dynamics of Palestinian political endurance in Lebanon. Middle East Journal , 64 (4), 597–611.10.3751/64.4.15
  • Stel, N.M. , 2015. Lebanese-Palestinian governance interaction in the Palestinian gathering of Shabriha, South Lebanon – a tentative extension of the ‘Mediated State’ from Africa to the Mediterranean. Mediterranean Politics , 20 (1), 76–96.10.1080/13629395.2014.984830
  • Stel, N.M. , 2016. Languages of stateness in South Lebanon’s Palestinian gatherings: the PLO’s popular committees as Twilight Institutions. Development and Change , 47 (3), 446–471.10.1111/dech.12232
  • Stel, N.M. , 2017. Governing the gatherings. The interactions between Lebanese State Institutions and Palestinian authorities in the hybrid political order of South Lebanon’s Informal Palestinian settlements . Thesis (PhD). Utrecht University.
  • Stel, N.M. and Ndayiragije, R. , 2014. The eye of the beholder: Service provision and state legitimacy in Burundi. Africa Spectrum , 49 (3), 3–28.
  • Suleiman, J. , 2006. Marginalized community: the case of the Palestinian refugees in Lebanon . Sussex: Development Research Centre.
  • Suleiman, J. , 2010. Trapped refugees: the case of Palestinians in Lebanon. In: Refugee Studies Centre Working Paper Series No. 64, No Refuge: Palestinians in Lebanon . Oxford: University of Oxford, 7–18.
  • Terpstra, N. and Frerks, G. , Forthcoming. Governance practices and symbolism: de facto sovereignty and public authority in ‘Tigerland’. Journal of Modern Asian Studies .
  • Van Overbeek, F. , 2014. Studying ‘the State’ in Bukavu: a system, an idea, and a process . Wageningen: Wageningen University, IS Academy.
  • Weighhill, M.-L. , 1997. Palestinians in Lebanon. The politics of assistance. Journal of Refugee Studies , 10 (3), 294–313.10.1093/jrs/10.3.294
  • Weinstein, J.M. , 2007. Inside rebellion . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wickham-Crowley, T.P. , 1987. The rise (and sometimes fall) of Guerrilla governments in Latin America. Sociological Forum , 2 (3), 473–499.10.1007/BF01106622
  • Wiuff Moe, L. , 2011. Hybrid and everyday political ordering: constructing and contesting legitimacy in Somaliland. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law , 43 (63), 143–177.10.1080/07329113.2011.10756660
  • Yassin, N. , Stel, N.M. , and Rassi, R. , 2016. Organized chaos: informal institution building among Palestinian refugees in the Maashouk gathering in South Lebanon. Journal of Refugee Studies , Online publication 27 June.