The effect of unilateral amygdala removals on detecting fear from briefly presented backward-masked faces

REFERENCES

• Adolphs , R. 2002 . Recognizing emotion from facial expressions: Psychological and neurological mechanisms . Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews , 1 : 21 – 62 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adolphs , R. , Gosselin , F. , Buchanan , T. W. , Tranel , D. , Schyns , P. G. and Damasio , A. 2005 . A mechanism for impaired fear recognition after amygdala damage . Nature , 433 : 68 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adolphs , R. and Tranel , D. 2004 . Impaired judgments of sadness but not happiness following bilateral amygdala damage . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 16 : 453 – 462 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adolphs , R. , Tranel , D. and Damasio , H. 2001 . Emotion recognition from faces and prosody following temporal lobectomy . Neuropsychology , 15 : 396 – 404 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adolphs , R. , Tranel , D. , Damasio , H. and Damasio , A. 1994 . Impaired recognition of emotion in facial expressions following bilateral damage to the human amygdala . Nature , 372 : 669 – 672 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adolphs , R. , Tranel , D. , Damasio , H. and Damasio , A. R. 1995 . Fear and the human amygdala . Journal of Neuroscience , 15 : 5879 – 5892 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , A. K. , Spencer , D. D. , Fulbright , R. K. and Phelps , E. A. 2000 . Contribution of the anteromedial temporal lobes to the evaluation of facial emotion . Neuropsychology , 14 : 526 – 536 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates , T. C. and D'Oliveiro , L. 2003 . PsyScript: A Macintosh application for scripting experiments . Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers , 35 : 565 – 576 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benton , A. L. , Hamsher , K. , Varney , N. R. and Spreen , O. 1983 . Contributions to neuropsychological assessment , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brierley , B. , Medford , N. , Shaw , P. and David , A. S. 2004 . Emotional memory and perception in temporal lobectomy patients with amygdala damage . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 75 : 593 – 599 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calder , A. J. , Lawrence , A. D. and Young , A. W. 2001 . Neuropsychology of fear and loathing . Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 2 : 352 – 363 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calder , A. J. , Young , A. W. , Rowland , D. , Perrett , D. I. , Hodges , J. R. and Etcoff , N. L. 1996 . Facial emotion recognition after bilateral amygdala damage: Differentially severe impairment of fear . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 13 : 699 – 745 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson , J. M. and Reinke , K. S. 2008 . Masked fearful faces modulate the orienting of covert spatial attention . Emotion , 8 : 522 – 529 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvajal , F. , Rubio , S. , Martín , P. , Serrano , J. M. and García-Sola , R. 2009 . Perception and recall of faces and facial expressions following temporal lobectomy . Epilepsy & Behavior , , 14 : 60 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford , J. R. and Garthwaite , P. H. 2002 . Investigation of the single case in neuropsychology: Confidence limits on the abnormality of test scores and test score differences . Neuropsychologia , 40 : 1196 – 1208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dicks , D. , Myers , R. E. and Kling , A. 1969 . Uncus and amygdala lesions: Effects on social behaviour in the free-ranging Rhesus monkey . Science , 165 : 69 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilger , S. , Straube , T. , Mentzel , H.-J. , Fitzek , C. , Reichenbach , J. R. Hecht , H. 2003 . Brain activation to phobia-related pictures in spider phobic humans: An event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study . Neuroscience Letters , 348 : 29 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekman , P. and Friesen , W. V. 1976 . Pictures of facial affect , Palo Alto, CA : Consulting Psychologists Press .
   Google Scholar
• Goren , D. and Wilson , H. R. 2006 . Quantifying facial expression recognition across viewing conditions . Vision Research , 46 : 1253 – 1262 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham , R. , Devinsky , O. and LaBar , K. S. 2007 . Quantifying deficits in the perception of fear and anger in morphed facial expressions after bilateral amygdala damage . Neuropsychologia , 45 : 42 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , D. M. and Swets , J. A. 1966 . Signal detection theory and psychophysics , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Gur , R. C. , Sara , R. , Hagendoorn , M. , Marom , O. , Hughett , P. Macy , L. 2002 . A method for obtaining 3-dimensional facial expressions and its standardization for use in neurocognitive studies . Journal of Neuroscience Methods , 115 : 137 – 143 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamann , S. B. and Adolphs , R. 1999 . Normal recognition of emotional similarity between facial expressions following bilateral amygdala damage . Neuropsychologia , 37 : 1135 – 1141 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hariri , A. R. , Mattay , V. S. , Tessitore , A. , Fera , F. and Weinberger , D. R. 2003 . Neocortical modulation of the amygdala response to fearful stimuli . Biological Psychiatry , 53 : 494 – 501 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heberlein , A. S. , Padon , A. A. , Gillihan , S. J. , Farah , M. J. and Fellows , L. K. 2008 . Ventromedial frontal lobe plays a critical role in facial emotion recognition . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 20 : 721 – 733 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herba , C. , Heining , M. , Young , A. , Browning , M. , Benson , P. Phillips , M. 2007 . Conscious and nonconscious discrimination of facial expressions . Visual Cognition , 15 : 36 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard , D. 2004 . Statistics workbook , Unpublished manuscript .
   Google Scholar
• Keysers , C. and Gazzola , V. 2006 . Towards a unifying neural theory of social cognition . Progress in Brain Research , 156 : 379 – 401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , H. , Somerville , L. H. , Johnstone , T. , Alexander , A. L. and Whalen , P. J. 2003 . Inverse amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses to surprised faces . Neuroreport , 14 : 2317 – 2322 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klyucharev , V. A. , Bekhtereva , N. P. and Dan'ko , S. G. 1998 . Electrophysiological correlates of trigger mechanisms of emotional reactions in the human temporal brain lobe . Human Physiology , 24 : 135 – 144 .
   Google Scholar
• Loughead , J. , Gur , R. C. , Elliott , M. and Gur , R. E. 2008 . Neural circuitry for accurate identification of facial emotions . Brain Research , 1194 : 37 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macmillan , N. A. and Creelman , C. D. 1991 . Detection theory: A user's guide , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nelson , H. and Willison , J. 1991 . National Adult Reading Test manual (NART) , Windsor, UK : NFER-Nelson .
   Google Scholar
• Öhman , A. 2005 . The role of the amygdala in human fear: Automatic detection of threat . Psychoneuroendocrinology , 30 : 953 – 958 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Öhman , A. and Mineka , S. 2001 . Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning . Psychological Review , 108 : 483 – 522 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palermo , R. and Coltheart , M. 2004 . Photographs of facial expression: Accuracy, response times, and ratings of intensity . Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers , 36 : 634 – 638 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palermo , R. and Rhodes , G. 2007 . Are you always on my mind? A review of how face perception and attention interact . Neuropsychologia , 45 : 75 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pessoa , L. , Japee , S. , Sturman , D. and Ungerleider , L. G. 2006 . Target visibility and visual awareness modulate amygdala responses to fearful faces . Cerebral Cortex , 16 : 366 – 375 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pessoa , L. , Japee , S. and Ungerleider , L. G. 2005 . Visual awareness and the detection of fearful faces . Emotion , 5 : 243 – 247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan , K. L. , Wager , T. , Taylor , S. F. and Liberzon , I. 2002 . Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: A meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI . NeuroImage , 16 : 331 – 348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phelps , E. A. and LeDoux , J. E. 2005 . Contributions of the amygdala to emotion processing: From animal models to human behavior . Neuron , 48 : 175 – 187 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapcsak , S. Z. , Galper , S. R. , Comer , J. F. , Reminger , S. L. , Nielsen , L. Kaszniak , A. W. 2000 . Fear recognition deficits after focal brain damage: A cautionary note . Neurology , 54 : 575 – 581 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmolck , H. and Squire , L. R. 2001 . Impaired perception of facial emotions following bilateral damage to the anterior temporal lobe . Neuropsychology , 15 : 30 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sergerie , K. , Chochol , C. and Armony , J. L. 2008 . The role of the amygdala in emotional processing: A quantitative meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies . Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews , 32 : 811 – 830 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanislaw , H. and Todorov , N. 1999 . Calculation of signal detection measures . Behavior Methods, Instruments and Computers , 31 : 137 – 149 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stein , M. B , Goldin , P. R. , Sareen , J. , Eyler , L. T. and Brown , G. G. 2002 . Increased amygdala activation to angry and contemptuous faces in generalized social phobia . Archives of General Psychiatry , 59 : 1027 – 1034 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vision Sciences Research Corporation . 2002 . Functional Acuity Contrast Test (FACT™) , Chicago : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Vuilleumier , P. 2005 . How brains beware: Neural mechanisms of emotional attention . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 9 : 585 – 594 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuilleumier , P. , Armony , J. L. , Driver , J. and Dolan , R. J. 2003 . Distinct spatial frequency sensitivities for processing faces and emotional expressions . Nature Neuroscience , 6 : 624 – 631 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuilleumier , P. and Pourtois , G. 2007 . Distributed and interactive brain mechanisms during emotion face perception: Evidence from functional neuroimaging . Neuropsychologia , 45 : 195 – 206 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar