572
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Cognitive reserve moderates the association between heart failure and cognitive impairment

, , , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 1-10 | Received 05 Apr 2011, Accepted 05 Jul 2011, Published online: 31 Oct 2011

REFERENCES

  • Acanfora , D. , Trojano , L. , Iannuzzi , G. I. , Furgi , G. , Picone , C. Rengo , C. 1996 . The brain in congestive heart failure . Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics , 23 : 247 – 256 .
  • Albert , S. M. and Teresi , J. A. 1999 . Reading ability, education, and cognitive status assessment among older adults in Harlem, New York City . American Journal of Public Health , 89 : 95 – 97 .
  • Alexander , G. E. , Furey , M. L. , Grady , C. L. , Pietrini , P. , Mentis , M. J. and Schapiro , M. B. 1997 . Association of premorbid function with cerebral metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Implications for the reserve hypothesis . American Journal of Psychiatry , 154 : 165 – 172 .
  • Almeida , J. R. , Alves , T. C. , Wajngarten , M. , Rays , J. , Castro , C. C. Cordeiro , Q. 2005 . Late-life depression, heart failure and frontal white matter hyperintensity: A structural magnetic resonance imaging study . Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research , 38 : 431 – 436 .
  • Alosco , M. L. , Spitznagel , M. B. , Cohen , R. , Lawrence , S. , Colbert , L. H. Josephson , R. 2011 . Cognitive impairment is independently associated with reduced instrumental ADLs in persons with heart failure . Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing , Advance online publication. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0b013e318216a6cd
  • Arnau , R. , Meagher , M. , Norris , M. and Bramson , R. 2001 . Psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory–II with primary care medical patients . Health Psychology , 20 : 112 – 119 .
  • Barnett , J. H. , Salmond , C. H. , Jones , P. B. and Sahakian , B. J. 2006 . Cognitive reserve in neuropsychiatry . Psychological Medicine , 36 : 1053 – 1064 .
  • Benedict , R. H. , Morrow , S. A. , Weinstock Guttman , B. , Cookfair , D. and Schretlen , D. J. 2010 . Cognitive reserve moderates decline in information processing speed in multiple sclerosis patients . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 16 : 829 – 835 .
  • Bennett , S. J. , Cordes , D. K. , Westmoreland , G. , Castro , R. and Donnelly , E. 2000 . Self-care strategies for symptom management in patients with chronic heart failure . Nursing Research , 49 : 139 – 145 .
  • Bennett , D. A. , Wilson , R. S. , Schneider , J. A. , Evans , D. A. , Mendes de Leon , C. F. Arnold , S. E. 2003 . Education modifies the relation of AD pathology to level of cognitive function in older persons . Neurology , 60 : 1909 – 1915 .
  • Bittner , V. , Weiner , D. H. , Yusuf , S. , Rogers , W. J. , McIntyre , K. M. Bangdiwala , S. I. 1993 . Prediction of mortality and morbidity with a 6-minute walk test in patients with left ventricular dysfunction . The Journal of the American Medical Association , 270 : 1702 – 1707 .
  • Blair , J. and Spreen , O. 1989 . Predicting premorbid IQ: A revision of the National Adult Reading Test . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 3 : 129 – 136 .
  • Bowler , J. V. 2005 . Vascular cognitive impairment . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 76 ( Suppl. V ) : v35 – v44 .
  • Brickman , A. M. , Siedlecki , K. L. , Muraskin , J. , Manly , J. J. , Luchsinger , J. A. Yeung , L. K. 2009 . “ White matter hyperintensities and cognition: Testing the reserve hypothesis ” . In Neurobiology of Aging Vol. 32 , 1588 – 1598 .
  • Brown , J. , Cooper-Kuh , C. M. , Kemperman , G. , van Praag , H. , Winkler , J. and Gage , F. H. 2003 . Enriched environment and physical activity stimulate hippocampal but not olfactory bulb neurogenesis . European Journal of Neuroscience , 17 : 2042 – 2046 .
  • Cahn-Weiner , D. A. , Boyle , P. A. and Malloy , P. F. 2002 . Tests of executive function predict instrumental activities of daily living in community-dwelling older individuals . Applied Neuropsychology , 9 : 187 – 191 .
  • Cohen , R. 1993 . The neuropsychology of attention , New York , NY : Springer .
  • Cohen , R. A. , Moser , D. J. , Clark , M. M. , Aloia , M. S. , Cargil , B. R. Stefanik , S. 1999 . Neurocognitive functioning and improvement in quality of life following participation in cardiac rehabilitation . American Journal of Cardiology , 83 : 1374 – 1378 .
  • Delis , D. , Kramer , J. , Kaplan , E. and Ober , B. 2000 . California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition: Adult Version. Manual , San Antonio , TX : The Psychological Corporation .
  • Dikmen , S. , Heaton , R. , Grant , I. and Temkin , N. 1999 . Test–retest reliability of the Expanded Halstead Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 5 : 346 – 356 .
  • Dubois , B. , Slachevsky , A. , Litvan , I. and Pillon , B. 2000 . The FAB: A frontal assessment battery at bedside . Neurology , 55 : 1621 – 1626 .
  • Elkins , J. S. , Longstreth , W. T. Jr. , Manolio , T. A. , Newman , A. B. , Bhadelia , R. A. and Johnston , S. C. 2006 . Education and the cognitive decline associated with MRI-defined brain infarct . Neurology , 67 : 435 – 440 .
  • Farinpour , R. , Miller , E. N. , Satz , P. , Selnes , O. A. , Cohen , B. A. Becker , J. T. 2003 . Psychosocial risk factors of HIV morbidity and mortality: Findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 25 : 654 – 670 .
  • Friend , L. and Grattan , K. 1998 . Use of the North American Adult Reading Test to estimate premorbid intellectual functioning in patients with multiple sclerosis . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 6 : 846 – 851 .
  • Hachinski , V. , Iadecola , C. , Petersen , R. C. , Breteler , M. M. , Nyenhuis , D. L. Black , S. E. 2006 . National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke–Canadian Stroke Network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards . Stroke , 37 : 2220 – 2241 .
  • Hawkins , K. A. , Sledge , W. H. , Orlean , J. E. , Quinlan , D. M. , Rakfeldt , J. and Huffman , R. E. 1993 . Normative implications of the relationship between reading vocabulary and Boston Naming Test performance . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 8 : 525 – 537 .
  • Jedrziewski , M. K. , Ewbank , D. C. , Wang , H. and Trojanowski , J. Q. 2010 . Exercise and cognition: Results from the National Long Term Care Survey . Azheimer's & Dementia , 6 : 448 – 455 .
  • Jencks , S. F. , Williams , M. V. and Coleman , E. A. 2009 . Rehospitalization among patients in Medicare fee-for-service program . New England Journal of Medicine , 360 : 1418 – 1428 .
  • Jones , C. J. and Rikli , R. E. 2002 . Measuring functional fitness of older adults . The Journal on Active Aging , March/April : 24 – 30 .
  • Kahn , R. , Robertson , R. M. , Smith , R. and Eddy , D. 2008 . The impact of prevention on reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease . Circulation , 188 : 576 – 585 .
  • Kalmar , J. H. , Gaudino , E. A. , Moore , N. B. , Halper , J. and DeLuca , J. 2008 . The relationship between cognitive deficits and everyday functional activities in multiple sclerosis . Neuropsychology , 22 : 442 – 449 .
  • Kesler , S. R. , Adams , H. F. , Blasey , C. M. and Bigler , E. D. 2003 . Premorbid intellectual functioning, education, and brain size in traumatic brain injury: An investigation of the cognitive reserve hypothesis . Applied Neuropsychology , 10 : 153 – 162 .
  • Leblanc , G. G. , Meschia , J. F. , Stuss , D. T. and Hachinski , V. 2006 . Genetics of vascular cognitive impairment: The opportunity and the challenges . Stroke , 37 : 248 – 255 .
  • Lloyd-Jones , D. , Adams , R. , Carnethon , M. , De Simone , G. , Ferguson , T. B. Flegal , K. 2009 . Heart disease and stroke statistics—2009 update: A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee . Circulation , 119 : e21 – e181 .
  • Morris , J. , Heyman , A. , Mohs , R. , Hughes , J. P. , van Belle , G. Fillenbaum , G. 1989 . The consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD): Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease . Neurology , 39 : 1159 – 1165 .
  • National , Heart , Lung , Blood and Institute . 2007 . Morbidity & mortality: 2007 chart book on cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases , Bethesda , MD : Author .
  • Nixon , P. A. , Joswiak , M. L. and Fricker , F. J. 1996 . A six-minute walk test for assessing exercise tolerance in severely ill children . The Journal of Pediatrics , 129 : 362 – 366 .
  • Paul , R. H. , Gunstad , J. , Poppas , A. , Tate , D. F. , Foreman , D. Brickman , A. M. 2005 . Neuroimaging and cardiac correlates of cognitive function among patients with cardiac disease . Cerebrovascular Diseases , 20 : 129 – 133 .
  • Pressler , S. J. , Subramanian , U. , Kareken , D. , Perkins , S. M. , Gradus-Pizlo , I. Sauve , M. J. 2010 . Cognitive deficits in chronic heart failure . Nursing Research , 59 : 127 – 139 .
  • Putzke , J. D. , Williams , M. A. , Daniel , F. J. , Bourge , R. C. and Boll , T. J. 2000 . Activities of daily living among heart transplant candidates: Neuropsychological and cardiac function predictors . The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation , 19 : 995 – 1006 .
  • Qiu , C. , Winblad , B. , Marengoni , A. , Klarin , I. , Fastborn , J. and Fratiglioni , L. 2006 . Archives of Internal Medicine , 166 : 1003 – 1008 .
  • Rains , G. D. 2002 . Principles of human neuropsychology , Boston , MA : McGraw-Hill .
  • Rockwood , K. , Wentzel , C. , Hachinski , V. , Hogan , D. B. , MacKnight , C. and McDowell , I. 2000 . Prevalence and outcomes of vascular cognitive impairment . Neurology , 54 : 447 – 451 .
  • Roe , C. M. , Mintun , M. A. , D'Angelo , G. , Xiong , C. , Grant , E. A. and Morris , J. C. 2008 . Alzheimer disease and cognitive reserve . Archives of Neurology , 65 : 1467 – 1471 .
  • Sepulcre , J. , Goni , J. , Masdeu , J. C. , Bejarano , B. , de , Velez , Medizabal , N. Toledo , J. B. 2009 . Contribution of white matter lesions to gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis . Archives of Neurology , 66 : 173 – 179 .
  • Serra , L. , Cercignani , M. , Petrosini , L. , Basile , B. , Perri , R. Fadda , L. 2011 . Neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive reserve in Alzheimer disease . Rejuvenation Research , 14 : 1 – 9 .
  • Sloan , R. S. and Pressler , S. J. 2009 . Cognitive deficits in heart failure: Re-cognition of vulnerability as a strange new world . Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing , 24 : 241 – 248 .
  • Smith , A. 1983 . “ Clinical psychological practice and principals of neuropsychological assessment ” . In Handbook of clinical psychology: Theory, research, and practice , Edited by: Walker , C. Homewood , IL : Dorsey Press .
  • Spreen , O. and Strauss , E. 1991 . A compendium of neuropsychological tests , New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
  • Stanek , K. M. , Gunstad , J. , Spitznagel , M. B. , Waechter , D. , Hughes , J. W. Luyster , F. 2011 . Improvements in cognitive function following cardiac rehabilitation for older adults with cardiovascular disease . International Journal of Neuroscience , 121 : 86 – 93 .
  • Stern , Y. 2009 . Cognitive reserve . Neuropsychologia , 47 : 2015 – 2028 .
  • Stern , Y. , Albert , S. , Tang , M. X. and Tsai , W. Y. 1999 . Rate of memory decline in AD is related to education and occupation: Cognitive reserve? . Neurology , 53 : 1942 – 1957 .
  • Stern , Y. , Alexander , G. E. , Prohovnik , I. and Mayeux , R. 1992 . Inverse relationship between education and parietotemporal perfusion deficit in Alzheimer's disease . Annals of Neurology , 32 : 371 – 375 .
  • Stern , Y. , Alexander , G. E. , Prohovnik , I. , Stricks , L. , Link , B. Lennon , M. C. 1995 . Relationship between lifetime occupation and parietal flow: Implications for a reserve against Alzheimer's disease pathology . Neurology , 45 : 55 – 60 .
  • Stern , Y. , Gurland , B. , Tatemichi , T. K. , Tang , M. X. , Wilder , D. and Mayeux , R. 1994 . Influence of education and occupation on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease . Journal of the American Medical Association , 271 : 1004 – 1010 .
  • Sumowki , J. F. , Chiaravalloti , N. and DeLuca , J. 2009 . Cognitive reserve protects against cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 31 : 913 – 926 .
  • Tanne , D. , Freimark , D. , Poreh , A. , Merzeliak , O. , Bruck , B. Schwammenthal , Y. 2005 . Cognitive functions in severe congestive heart failure before and after an exercise training program . International Journal of Cardiology , 103 : 145 – 149 .
  • Tilvis , R. S. , Kahonen-Vare , M. H. , Jolkkonen , J. , Valvanne , J. , Pitkala , J. H. and Strandberg , T. E. 2004 . Predictors of cognitive decline and mortality of aged people over a 10-year period . Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences , 59 : 268 – 274 .
  • Uttl , B. 2002 . North American Adult Reading Test: Age norms, reliability, and validity . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 24 : 1123 – 1137 .
  • Vogels , R. L. C. , Scheltens , P. , Schroeder-Tanka , J. M. and Weinstein , H. C. 2007 . Cognitive impairment in heart failure: A systematic review of the literature . European Journal of Heart Failure , 9 : 440 – 449 .
  • Wechsler , D. 1997 . Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition , San Antonio , TX : The Psychological Corporation .
  • Woo , M. A. , Macey , P. M. , Fonarow , G. C. , Hamilton , M. A. and Harper , R. M. 2003 . Regional brain gray matter loss in heart failure . Journal of Applied Physiology , 95 : 677 – 684 .
  • Zuccala , G. , Onder , G. , Pedone , C. , Cocchi , A. , Carosella , L. Cattel , C. 2001 . Cognitive dysfunction as a major determinant of disability in patients with heart failure: Results from a multicentre survey . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 70 : 109 – 112 .
  • Zuccala , G. , Pedone , C. , Cesari , M. , Onder , G. , Pahor , M. Marzetti , E. 2003 . The effects of cognitive impairment on mortality among hospitalized patients with heart failure . American Journal of Medicine , 115 : 97 – 103 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.