Construct and diagnostic validities of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test in the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum

References

• Albert, M. S., DeKosky, S. T., Dickson, D., Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Fox, N. C.,… Phelps, C. H. (2011). The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 7(3), 270–279. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education (1999). Standards for educational and psychological tests. Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Barreto, J., Leuschner, A., Santos, F., & Sobral, M. (2008). Escala de Depressão Geriátrica [Geriatric Depression Scale]. In A. Mendonça & M. Guerreiro (Eds.), Escalas e Testes na Demência: Grupo de Estudos de Envelhecimento Cerebral e Demência [Scales and tests in dementia: Study Group on Brain Aging and Dementia] (pp. 69–72). Lisbon: UCB Pharma.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, B., Hermann, B., & Seidenberg, M. (2004). Significant discrepancies between immediate and delayed WMS–III indices are rare in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 18(2), 303–311. doi:10.1080/13854040490501646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boeve, B., McCormick, J., Smith, G., Ferman, T., Rummans, T., Carpenter, T.,… Petersen, R. C. (2003). Mild cognitive impairment in the oldest old. Neurology, 60(3), 477–480. doi:10.1212/WNL.60.3.477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, L., & Storandt, M. (2000). Sensitivity of category cued recall to very mild dementia of the Alzheimer type. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 15(6), 529–534. doi:10.1016/S0887-6177(99)00042-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buschke, H. (1984). Cued recall in amnesia. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6, 433–440. doi:10.1080/01688638408401233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buschke, H. (1987). Criteria for the identification of memory deficits: Implications for the design of memory tests. In D. S. Gorfein & R. R. Hoffman (Eds.), Memory and learning: The Ebbinghaus Centenial Conference (pp. 331–344). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Buschke, H., Sliwinski, M., Kuslansky, G., & Lipton, R. B. (1995). Aging, encoding specificity, and memory change in the Double Memory Test. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1, 483–493. doi:10.1017/S1355617700000576
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carlesimo, G. A., Perri, R., & Caltagirone, C. (2011). Category cued recall following controlled encoding as a neuropsychological tool in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: A review of the evidence. Neuropsychology Review, 21(1), 54–65. doi:10.1007/s11065-010-9153-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeJong, J., & Donders, J. (2009). A confirmatory factor analysis of the California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition (CVLT–II) in a traumatic brain injury sample. Assessment, 16(4), 328–336. doi:10.1177/1073191109336989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Jacova, C., Cummings, J. L., Dekosky, S. T., Barberger-Gateau, P.,… Scheltens, P. (2010). Revising the definition of Alzheimer’s disease: A new lexicon. Lancet Neurology, 9(11), 1118–1127. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70223-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Jacova, C., Dekosky, S. T., Barberger-Gateau, P., Cummings, J.,… Scheltens, P. (2007). Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: Revising the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Lancet Neurology, 6(8), 734–746. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70178-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Jacova, C., Hampel, H., Molinuevo, J. L., Blennow, K.,… Cummings, J. L. (2014). Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease: The IWG-2 criteria. Lancet Neurology, 13(6), 614–629. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70090-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein, M., Folstein, S., & McHugh, P. (1975). Mini-Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating SEM with unobserved variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39–50. Retrieved from http://faculty-gsb.stanford.edu/larcker/PDF/6 Unobservable Variables.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrett, C., Santos, F., Tracana, I., Barreto, J., Sobral, M., & Fonseca, R. (2008). Avaliação Clínica da Demência [Clinical Dementia Rating]. In A. Mendonça & M. Guerreiro (Eds.), Escalas e testes na demência: Grupo de Estudos de Envelhecimento Cerebral e Demência [Scales and tests in dementia: Study Group on Brain Aging and Dementia] (pp. 18–32). Lisbon: UCB Pharma.
   Google Scholar
• Grober, E., & Buschke, H. (1987). Genuine memory deficits in dementia. Developmental Neuropsychology, 3(1), 13–36. doi:10.1080/87565648709540361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grober, E., Ehrlich, A. R., Troche, Y., Hahn, S., & Lipton, R. B. (2014). Screening older Latinos for dementia in the primary care setting. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 20(8), 848–855. doi:10.1017/S1355617714000708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grober, E., Hall, C. B., Lipton, R. B., Zonderman, A. B., Resnick, S. M., & Kawas, C. (2008). Memory impairment, executive dysfunction, and intellectual decline in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 14(2), 266–278. doi:10.1017/S1355617708080302.Memory
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grober, E., & Kawas, C. (1997). Learning and retention in preclinical and early Alzheimer’s disease. Psychology and Aging, 12(1), 183–188. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.12.1.183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grober, E., Merling, A., Heimlich, T., & Lipton, R. B. (1997). Free and cued selective reminding and selective reminding in the elderly. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19(5), 643–654. doi:10.1080/01688639708403750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grober, E., Ocepek-Welikson, K., & Teresi, J. (2009). The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test: Evidence of psychometric adequacy. Psychology Science Quarterly, 51(3), 266–282. Retrieved from http://www.psychologie-aktuell.com/fileadmin/download/PschologyScience/3-2009/03_grober.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Grober, E., Sanders, A. E., Hall, C., & Lipton, R. B. (2010). Free and cued selective reminding identifies very mild dementia in primary care. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 24(3), 284–290. doi:10.1097/WAD.0b013e3181cfc78b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerreiro, M. (1998). Contributo da neuropsicologia para o estudo das demências [Contribution of neuropsychology to the study of dementia]. Lisbon: University of Lisbon.
   Google Scholar
• Guerreiro, M., Fonseca, S., Barreto, J., & Garcia, C. (2008). Escala de Avaliação da Doença de Alzheimer–EADA [Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale–ADAS]. In A. Mendonça & M. Guerreiro (Eds.), Escalas e testes na demência: Grupo de Estudos de Envelhecimento Cerebral e Demência [Scales and tests in dementia: Study Group on Brain Aging and Dementia] (pp. 42–58). Lisbon: UCB Pharma.
   Google Scholar
• Ivanoiu, A., Adam, S., Van der Linden, M., Salmon, E., Juillerat, A. C., Mulligan, R., & Seron, X. (2005). Memory evaluation with a new cued recall test in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neurology, 252(1), 47–55. doi:10.1007/s00415-005-0597-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivnik, R., Smith, G., Lucas, J., Tangalos, E., Kokmen, E., & Petersen, R. C. (1997). Free and cued selective reminding test: MOANS norms. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19(5), 676–691. doi:10.1080/01688639708403753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemos, R., Martins, C., Simões, M., & Santana, I. (2012). Estudo de adaptação do Teste de Recordação Selectiva Livre e Guiada para a população portuguesa. [Adaptation study of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test to the Portuguese population]. Avaliação Psicológica, 11(1), 49–61. Retrieved from http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?pid=S1677-04712012000100006&script=sci_arttext
   Google Scholar
• Lemos, R., Simões, M. R., Santiago, B., & Santana, I. (2015). The free and cued selective reminding test: Validation for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neuropsychology, 9(2), 242–257. doi:10.1111/jnp.12048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahieux, F., Onen, F., Berr, C., Volteau, M., Habert, M.-O., Legrain, S., & Dubois, B. (2009). Early detection of patients in the pre demented stage of Alzheimer’s disease: The Pre-Al study. The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 13(1), 21–26. doi:10.1007/s12603-009-0004-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maroof, D. A. (2012). Statistical methods in neuropsychology: Common procedures made comprehensible. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. (1984). Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurology, 34, 939–944. doi:10.1212/WNL.34.7.939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKhann, G., Knopman, D. S., Chertkow, H., Hyman, B. T., Jack, C. R., Kawas, C. H.,… Phelps, C. H. (2011). The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 7(3), 263–269. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohs, R., Rosen, W., & Davis, K. (1983). The Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale: An instrument for assessing treatment efficacy. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 19, 448–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris, J., Storandt, M., Miller, J., McKeel, D., Price, J., Rubin, E., & Berg, L. (2001). Mild cognitive impairment represents early-stage Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology, 58, 397–405. doi:10.1001/archneur.58.3.397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nascimento, M. F. B., Casteleiro, J. M., Marques, M. L. G., Barreto, F., Amaro, R., & Veloso, R. (2003). CORLEX. Léxico Multifuncional Computorizado do Português Contemporâneo [Multifunctional computational lexicon of contemporary Portuguese]. Lisbon: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa.
   Google Scholar
• Paivio, A. (1975). Coding distinctions and repetition effects in memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (pp. 179–214). New York, NY: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Paivio, A. (1995). Imagery and memory. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (pp. 977–986). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Peña-Casanova, J., Gramunt-Fombuena, N., Quiñones-Ubeda, S., Sánchez-Benavides, G., Aguilar, M., Badenes, D.,… Blesa, R. (2009). Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project): Norms for the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (copy and memory), and Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24(4), 371–393. doi:10.1093/arclin/acp041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen, R. C. (2004a). Challenges of epidemiological studies of mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 18(1), 1–2. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/alzheimerjournal
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen, R. C. (2004b). Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. Journal of Internal Medicine, 256(3), 183–194. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen, R. C. (2007). Mild cognitive impairment. Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology, 13(2), 15–38. doi:10.1212/01.CON.0000267234.69379.4e
   Google Scholar
• Petersen, R. C., Doody, R., Kurz, A., Mohs, R., Morris, J., Rabins, P.,… Winblad, B. (2001). Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Archives of Neurology, 58(12), 1985–1992. doi:10.1001/archneur.58.12.1985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Ivnik, R. J., Kokmen, E., & Tangalos, E. G. (1994). Memory function in very early Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 44, 867–872. doi:10.1212/WNL.44.5.867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Waring, S. C., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G., & Kokmen, E. (1999). Mild cognitive impairment: Clinical characterization and outcome. Archives of Neurology, 56(3), 303–308. doi:10.1001/archneur.56.3.303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen, R. C., Stevens, J., Ganguli, M., Tangalos, E., Cummings, J., & DeKosky, S. (2001). Practice parameter: Early detection of dementia: Mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology, 56, 1132–1142. doi:10.1212/WNL.56.9.1133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portet, F., Ousset, P. J., Visser, P. J., Frisoni, G. B., Nobili, F., Scheltens, P.,… Touchon, J. (2006). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in medical practice: A critical review of the concept and new diagnostic procedure. Report of the MCI Working Group of the European Consortium on Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 77(6), 714–718. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.085332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Román, G., Tatemichi, T., Erkinjuntti, T., Cummings, J., Masdeu, J., Garcia, J.,… Scheinberg, P. (1993). Vascular dementia: Diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology, 43, 250–260. doi:10.1212/WNL.43.2.250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saka, E., Mihci, E., Topcuoglu, M. A., & Balkan, S. (2006). Enhanced cued recall has a high utility as a screening test in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment in Turkish people. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21(7), 745–751. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2006.08.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmon, D. P. (2000). Disorders of memory in Alzheimer’s disease. In F. Boller & J. Grafman (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology (pp. 155–195). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science BV.
   Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Benavides, G., Peña-Casanova, J., Casals-Coll, M., Gramunt, N., Molinuevo, J. L., Gómez-Ansón, B.,… Blesa, R. (2014). Cognitive and neuroimaging profiles in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: Data from the Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project). Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 41(3), 887–901. doi:10.3233/JAD-132186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarazin, M., Berr, C., De Rotrou, J., Fabrigoule, C., Pasquier, F., Legrain, S.,… Dubois, B. (2007). Amnestic syndrome of the medial temporal type identifies prodromal AD: A longitudinal study. Neurology, 69(19), 1859–1867. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000279336.36610.f7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarazin, M., Chauviré, V., Gerardin, E., Colliot, O., Kinkingnéhun, S., de Souza, L. C.,… Dubois, B. (2010). The amnestic syndrome of hippocampal type in Alzheimer’s disease: An MRI study. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 22(1), 285–294. doi:10.3233/JAD-2010-091150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8, 23–74. Retrieved from http://www.dgps.de/fachgruppen/methoden/mpr-online/issue20/art2/mpr130_13.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Tulving, E., & Thomson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80, 352–373. doi:10.1037/h0020071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel, A., Mortensen, E., Gade, A., & Waldemar, G. (2007). The Category Cued Recall test in very mild Alzheimer’s disease: Discriminative validity and correlation with semantic memory functions. European Journal of Neurology, 14(1), 102–108. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01568.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, M., Wolf, S., Reischies, F. M., Daerr, M., Wolfsgruber, S., Jessen, F.,… Wiltfang, J. (2012). Biomarker validation of a cued recall memory deficit in prodromal Alzheimer disease. Neurology, 78(6), 379–386. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318245f447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37–49. doi:10.1016/0022-3956(82)90033-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman, M. E., Katz, M. J., Wang, C., Burns, L. C., Berman, R. M., Derby, C. A.,… Lipton, R. B. (2015). Comparison of “word” vs. “picture” version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) in older adults. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring, 1(1), 94–100. doi:10.1016/j.dadm.2014.11.006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar