856
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Age-differences in cognitive flexibility when overcoming a preexisting bias through feedback

, , &
Pages 586-594 | Received 03 May 2017, Accepted 23 Oct 2017, Published online: 21 Nov 2017

References

  • Benjamin, A. M., & Robbins, S. J. (2007). The role of framing effects in performance on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 221–230. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.026
  • Birren, J. E., & Morrison, D. F. (1961). Analysis of the WAIS subtests in relation to age and education. Journal of Gerontology, 16, 363–369. doi:10.1093/geronj/16.4.363
  • Boutet, I., Milgram, N. W., & Freedman, M. (2007). Cognitive decline and human (Homo sapiens) aging: An investigation using a comparative neuropsychological approach. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 121(3), 270–281. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.121.3.270
  • Brainerd, C. J., Reyna, V. F., & Howe, M. L. (2009). Trichotomous processes in early memory development, aging, and neurocognitive impairment: A unified theory. Psychological Review, 116(4), 783–832. doi:10.1037/a0016963
  • Carstensen, L. L., & Mikels, J. A. (2005). At the intersection of emotion and cognition: Aging and the positivity effect. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(3), 117–121. doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00348.x
  • Doppelt, J. E., & Wallace, W. L. (1955). Standardization of the wechsler adult intelligence scale for older persons. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 51(2), 312–330. doi:10.1037/h0044391
  • Hare, T. A., O’Doherty, J., Camerer, C. F., Schultz, W., & Rangel, A. (2008). Dissociating the role of the orbitofrontal cortex and the striatum in the computation of goal values and prediction errors. Journal of Neuroscience, 28(22), 5623–5630. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1309-08.2008
  • Hartman, M., Bolton, E., & Fehnel, S. E. (2001). Accounting for age differences on the wisconsin card sorting test: Decreased working memory, not inflexibility. Psychology and Aging, 16(3), 385–399. doi:10.1037//0882-7974.16.3.385
  • Head, D., Kennedy, K. M., Rodrigue, K. M., & Raz, N. (2009). Age differences in perseveration: Cognitive and neuroanatomical mediators of performance on the Wisconsin card sorting test. Neuropsychologia, 47(4), 1200–1203. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.003
  • Hinson, J. M., Jameson, T. L., & Whitney, P. (2002). Somatic markers, working memory, and decision making. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2(4), 341–353. doi:10.3758/CABN.2.4.341
  • Hoyer, W. J., Stawski, R. S., Wasylyshyn, C., & Verhaeghen, P. (2004). Adult age and digit symbol substitution performance: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 19(1), 211–214. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.19.1.211
  • Kaufman, A. S., Reynolds, C. R., & McLean, J. E. (1989). Age and WAIS-R intelligence in a national sample of adults in the 20- to 74-year age range: A cross-sectional analysis with educational level controlled. Intelligence, 13(3), 235–253. doi:10.1016/0160-2896(89)90020-2
  • Kim, S., Goldstein, D., Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T. (2005). Framing effects in younger and older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60(4), P215–P218. doi:10.1093/geronb/60.4.P215
  • Kray, J., & Lindenberger, U. (2000). Adult age differences in task switching. Psychology and Aging, 15(1), 126–147. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.15.1.126
  • Lawo, V., Philipp, A. M., Schuch, S., & Koch, I. (2012). The role of task preparation and task inhibition in age-related task-switching deficits. Psychology and Aging, 27(4), 1130–1137. doi:10.1037/a0027455
  • Mather, M., & Cartensen, L. L. (2005). Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(10), 496–502. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.005
  • Mather, M., & Knight, M. R. (2006). Angry faces get noticed quickly: Threat detection is not impaired among older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 61(1), 54–57. doi:10.1093/geronb/61.1.P54
  • Mayhorn, C. B., Fisk, A. D., & Whittle, J. D. (2002). Decisions, decisions: Analysis of age, cohort, and time of testing on framing of risky decision options. Human Factors, 44(4), 515–521. doi:10.1518/0018720024496935
  • Mell, T., Heekeren, H. R., Marschner, A., Wartenburger, I., Villringer, A., & Reischies, F. M. (2005). Effect of aging on stimulus-reward association learning. Neuropsychologia, 43(4), 554–563. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.07.010
  • Mishra, S., Gregson, M., & Lalumiére, M. L. (2012). Framing effects and risk-sensitive decision making. British Journal of Psychology, 103, 83–97. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02047.x
  • Nashiro, K., Sakaki, M., & Mather, M. (2012). Age differences in brain activity during emotion processing: Reflections of age-related decline or increased emotion regulation? Gerontology, 58(2), 156–163. doi:10.1159/000328465
  • Peters, E., Hess, T. M., Västfjäll, D., & Auman, C. (2007). Adult age differences in dual information processes. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2(1), 1–23. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00025.x
  • Rescorla, R. A., & Wagner, A. R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In A. H. Black & W. F. Prokasy (Eds.), Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory (pp. 64–99). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  • Rhodes, M. G. (2004). Age-related differences in performance on the wisconsin card sorting test: A meta-analytic review. Psychology and Aging, 19(3), 482–494. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.19.3.482
  • Rönnlund, M., Karlsson, E., Laggnäs, E., Larsson, L., & Lindström, T. (2005). Risky decision making across three arenas of choice: Are younger and older adults differently susceptible to framing effects? The Journal of General Psychology, 132(1), 81–93. doi:10.3200/GENP.132.1.81-93
  • Royer, F. L., Gilmore, G. C., & Gruhn, J. J. (1981). Normative data for the symbol digit substitution task. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 37(3), 608–614.
  • Salthouse, T. A. (1992). What do adult age differences in the digit symbol substitution test reflect? Journal Of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 47(3), 121–128.
  • Samanez-Larkin, D. R., Worthy, D. D., Mata, R., McClure, S. M., & Knutson, B. (2014). Adult age differences in frontostriatal representation of prediction error but not reward outcome. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 14(2), 672–682. doi:10.3758/s13415-014-0297-4
  • Schoenbaum, G., & Roesch, M. (2005). Orbitofrontal cortex, associative learning, and expectancies. Neuron, 47(5), 633–636. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.07.018
  • Thomas, A. K., & Millar, P. R. (2012). Reducing the framing effect in older and younger adults by encouraging analytic processing. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67B(2), 139–149. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr076
  • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211(4481), 453–458. doi:10.1126/science.7455683
  • Wasylyshyn, C., Verhaeghen, P., & Sliwinski, M. J. (2011). Aging and task switching: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 26(1), 15–20. doi:10.1037/a0020912
  • Wechsler, D. (1955). Manual for the wechsler adult intelligence scale. New York: The Psychological Corporation.
  • Wechsler, D. (1981). Manual for the wechsler adult intelligence scale—Revised. New York: Psychological Corporation.
  • Weiler, J. A., Bellebaum, C., & Daum, I. (2008). Aging affects acquisition and reversal of reward-based associative learning. Learning & Memory, 15(4), 190–197. doi:10.1101/lm.890408
  • Whitney, P., Hinson, J. M., Wirick, A., & Holben, H. (2007). Somatic responses in behavioral inhibition. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(1), 37–43. doi:10.3758/CABN.7.1.37

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.