References
- Albinet, C. T., Boucard, G., Bouquet, C. A., & Audiffren, M. (2012). Processing speed and executive functions in cognitive aging: How to disentangle their mutual relationship? Brain and Cognition, 79(1), 1–11.
- Amato, M. P., Portaccio, E., Goretti, B., Zipoli, V., Hakiki, B., Giannini, M., & Razzolini, L. (2010). Cognitive impairment in early stages of multiple sclerosis. Neurological Sciences, 31, 211–214.
- Amato, M. P., Zipoli, V., & Portaccio, E. (2006). Multiple sclerosis-related cognitive changes: A review of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 245(1–2), 41–46.
- Aron, A. R., & Verbruggen, F. (2008). Stop the presses: Dissociating a selective from a global mechanism for stopping. Psychological Science, 19(11), 1146–1153.
- Badre, D. (2011). Defining an ontology of cognitive control requires attention to component interactions. Topics in Cognitive Science, 3(2), 217.
- Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1987). Manual for the revised Beck Depression Inventory. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
- Boecker, M., Gauggel, S., & Drueke, B. (2013). Stop or stop-change — Does it make any difference for the inhibition process? International Journal of Psychophysiology, 87(3), 234–243.
- Boehler, C. N., Appelbaum, L. G., Krebs, R. M., Hopf, J.-M., & Woldorff, M. G. (2012). The influence of different Stop-signal response time estimation procedures on behavior-behavior and brain-behavior correlations. Behavioural Brain Research, 229(1), 123–130.
- Botvinick, M., & Braver, T. (2015). Motivation and cognitive control: From behavior to neural mechanism. Annual Review of Psychology, 66(1), 83–113.
- Brydges, C. R., Clunies-Ross, K., Clohessy, M., Lo, Z. L., Nguyen, A., Rousset, C., … Fox, A. M. (2012). Dissociable components of cognitive control: An event-related potential (ERP) study of response inhibition and interference suppression. PloS one, 7(3), e34482.
- Chiaravalloti, N., & DeLuca, J. (2008). Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurology, 7(12), 1139–1151.
- Clough, M., Millist, L., Lizak, N., Beh, S., Frohman, T. C., Frohman, E. M., & Fielding, J. (2015). Ocular motor measures of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis I: Inhibitory control. Journal of Neurology, 262(5), 1130–1137.
- Clough, M., Mitchell, L., Millist, L., Lizak, N., Beh, S., Frohman, T. C., … Fielding, J. (2015). Ocular motor measures of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis II: Working memory. Journal of Neurology, 262(5), 1138–1147.
- Cohen, R. A. (2014). The neuropsychology of attention (2 ed.). New York, NY: Springer.
- Courtney, S. M. (2004). Attention and cognitive control as emergent properties of information representation in working memory. [journal article]. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 4(4), 501–516.
- Deluca, G. C., Yates, R. L., Beale, H., & Morrow, S. A. (2015). Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: Clinical, radiologic and pathologic insights. Brain Pathology, 25(1), 79–98.
- Derrfuss, J., Brass, M., Neumann, J., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2005). Involvement of the inferior frontal junction in cognitive control: Meta-analyses of switching and Stroop studies. Human Brain Mapping, 25(1), 22–34.
- Diaz-Olavarrieta, C., Cummings, J. L., Velazquez, J., & Cadena, C. G. D. A. (1999). Neuropsychiatric manifestations of multiple sclerosis. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 11(1), 51–57.
- DiStefano, C., Zhu, M., & Mindrila, D. (2009). Understanding and using factor scores: Considerations for the applied researcher. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 14(20), 1–11.
- Dobryakova, E., Rocca, M. A., Valsasina, P., DeLuca, J., & Filippi, M. (2017). Altered neural mechanisms of cognitive control in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: An effective connectivity study. Human Brain Mapping, 38(5), 2580–2588.
- Dobryakova, E., Rocca, M. A., Valsasina, P., Ghezzi, A., Colombo, B., Martinelli, V., & Filippi, M. (2016). Abnormalities of the executive control network in multiple sclerosis phenotypes: An fMRI effective connectivity study. Human Brain Mapping, 37(6), 2293–2304.
- Drew, M., Tippett, L. J., Starkey, N. J., & Isler, R. B. (2008). Executive dysfunction and cognitive impairment in a large community-based sample with multiple sclerosis from New Zealand: A descriptive study. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 23(1), 1–19.
- Drew, M. A., Starkey, N. J., & Isler, R. B. (2009). Examining the link between information processing speed and executive functioning in multiple sclerosis. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24(1), 47–58.
- Fielding, J., Clough, M., Beh, S., Millist, L., Sears, D., Frohman, A. N., & Frohman, E. M. (2015). Ocular motor signatures of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. [Review]. Nature Reviews Neurology, 11(11), 637–645.
- Fielding, J., Kilpatrick, T., Millist, L., & White, O. (2009). Control of visually guided saccades in multiple sclerosis: Disruption to higher-order processes. Neuropsychologia, 47(7), 1647–1653.
- Garavan, H., Ross, T. J., & Stein, E. A. (1999). Right hemispheric dominance of inhibitory control: An event-related functional MRI study. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96(14), 8301–8306.
- Golden, C. (1978). Stroop color and word test. Illinois, IL: Stoelting Company.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.) Essex: Pearson.
- Huster, R. J., Enriquez-Geppert, S., Lavallee, C. F., Falkenstein, M., & Herrmann, C. S. (2013). Electroencephalography of response inhibition tasks: Functional networks and cognitive contributions. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 87(3), 217–233.
- Hutton, S. B. (2008). Cognitive control of saccadic eye movements. Brain and Cognition, 68(3), 327–340.
- Kolbe, S. C., Kilpatrick, T. J., Mitchell, P. J., White, O., Egan, G. F., & Fielding, J. (2014). Inhibitory saccadic dysfunction is associated with cerebellar injury in multiple sclerosis. Human Brain Mapping, 35(5), 2310–2319.
- Langdon, D. W. (2011). Cognition in multiple sclerosis. Current Opinion in Neurology, 24, 244–249.
- Leavitt, V. M., Lengenfelder, J., Moore, N. B., Chiaravalloti, N. D., & DeLuca, J. (2011). The relative contributions of processing speed and cognitive load to working memory accuracy in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33(5), 580–586.
- Leavitt, V. M., Wylie, G., Krch, D., Chiaravalloti, N., DeLuca, J., & Sumowski, J. F. (2014). Does slowed processing speed account for executive deficits in multiple sclerosis? Evidence from neuropsychological performance and structural neuroimaging. Rehabilitation Psychology, 59(4), 422–428.
- Lengenfelder, J., Bryant, D., Diamond, B. J., Kalmar, J. H., Moore, N. B., & DeLuca, J. (2006). Processing speed interacts with working memory efficiency in multiple sclerosis. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21(3), 229–238.
- Lezak, M. D., Howeison, D. B., Bigler, E. D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological assessment (5th ed.) New York: Oxford University Press.
- Lopez-Gongora, M., Escartin, A., Martinez-Horta, S., Fernandez-Bobadilla, R., Querol, L., Romero, S., & Riba, J. (2015). Neurophysiological evidence of compensatory brain mechanisms in early-stage multiple sclerosis. [Report]. PloS one, 10. 10.1371/journal.pone.0136786
- Lopez-Meza, E., Corona-Vazquez, T., Ruano-Calderon, L. A., & Ramirez-Bermudez, J. (2005). Severe impulsiveness as the primary manifestation of multiple sclerosis in a young female. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 59(6), 739–742.
- Miller, D. H., McDonald, I., & Smith, K. (2006). The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. In A. Compston (Ed.), McAlpine’s multiple sclerosis (4th ed., pp. 347–388). Philadelphia, USA: Elsevier.
- Nee, D. E., Wager, T. D., & Jonides, J. (2007). Interference resolution: Insights from a meta-analysis of neuroimaging tasks. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(1), 1–17.
- Nelson, H. E. (1982). National Adult Reading Test: Test manual. Windsor, Berks: NFER-Nelson.
- Neuhaus, M., Calabrese, P., & Annoni, J. M. (2018). Decision-making in multiple sclerosis patients: A systematic review. Multiple Sclerosis, 2018, p 7835952.
- Nigg, J. T. (2000). On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental psychopathology: Views from cognitive and personality psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin, 126(2), 220.
- Penny, S., Khaleeli, Z., Cipolotti, L., Thompson, A., & Ron, M. (2010). Early imaging predicts later cognitive impairment in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Neurology, 74(7), 545–552.
- Prakash, R. S., Erickson, K. I., Snook, E. M., Colcombe, S. J., Motl, R. W., & Kramer, A. F. (2008). Cortical recruitment during selective attention in multiple sclerosis: An fMRI investigation of individual differences. Neuropsychologia, 46(12), 2888–2895.
- Roman, C. A. F., & Arnett, P. A. (2016). Structural brain indices and executive functioning in multiple sclerosis: A review. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 38(3), 261–274.
- Sacco, R., Santangelo, G., Stamenova, S., Bisecco, A., Bonavita, S., Lavorgna, L., & Gallo, A. (2016). Psychometric properties and validity of Beck Depression Inventory II in multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology, 23(4), 744–750.
- Sanchez, M. P., Nieto, A., Barroso, J., Martin, V., & Hernandez, M. A. (2008). Brain atrophy as a marker of cognitive impairment in mildly disabling relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Eurorpean Journal of Neurology, 15(10), 1091–1099.
- Sandroff, B. M., Benedict, R. H., & Motl, R. W. (2015). Nonsignificant associations between measures of inhibitory control and walking while thinking in persons with multiple sclerosis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 96(8), 1518–1524.
- Sandroff, B. M., Hillman, C. H., & Motl, R. W. (2015). Aerobic fitness is associated with inhibitory control in persons with multiple sclerosis. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 30(4), 329–340.
- Savettieri, G., Messina, D., Andreoli, V., Bonavita, S., Caltagirone, C., Cittadella, R., & Quattrone, A. (2004). Gender-related effect of clinical and genetic variables on the cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, 251(10), 1208–1214.
- Schall, J. D., Palmeri, T. J., & Logan, G. D. (2017). Models of inhibitory control. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 372(1718).
- Smith, A. M., Walker, L. A. S., Freedman, M. S., DeMeulemeester, C., Hogan, M. J., & Cameron, I. (2009). fMRI investigation of disinhibition in cognitively impaired patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 281(1–2), 58–63.
- Summers, M., Swanton, J., Fernando, K., Dalton, C., Miller, D. H., Cipolotti, L., & Ron, M. A. (2008). Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis can be predicted by imaging early in the disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 79, 955–958.
- Urben, S., Van der Linden, M., & Barisnikov, K. (2011). Development of the ability to inhibit a prepotent response: Influence of working memory and processing speed. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 29(4), 981–998.
- Wiecki, T. V., & Frank, M. J. (2013). A computational model of inhibitory control in frontal cortex and basal ganglia. Psychological Review, 120(2), 329–355.