References
- ADNI1. (2004). Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative: ADNI procedures manual. http://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/ADNI_GeneralProceduresManual.pdf
- ADNI2. (2011). Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative: ADNI2 procedures manual. https://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/adni2-procedures-manual.pdf
- ADNI3. (2016). Alzheimer’s Disease neuroimaging initiative: ADNI3 procedures manual. https://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ADNI3-Procedures-Manual_v3.0_20170627.pdf
- ADNIGO. (2009). Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative: ADNI grand opportunities procedures manual. http://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/ADNI_GO_Procedures_Manual_06102011.pdf
- Attix, D. K., Story, T. J., Chelune, G. J., Ball, J. D., Stutts, M. L., Hart, R. P., & Barth, J. T. (2009). The prediction of change: Normative neuropsychological trajectories. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13854040801945078
- Bartels, C., Wegrzyn, M., Wiedl, A., Ackermann, V., & Ehrenreich, H. (2010). Practice effects in healthy adults: A longitudinal study on frequent repetitive cognitive testing. BMC Neuroscience, 11(1), 118. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20846444.
- Barth, J. T., Pliskin, N., Axelrod, B., Faust, D., Fisher, J., Harley, J. P., Heilbronner, R., Larrabee, G., Puente, A., Ricker, J., & Silver, C. (2003). Introduction to the NAN 2001 definition of a clinical neuropsychologist. NAN policy and planning committee. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology: the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 18(5), 551–555. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14591449
- Beglinger, L. J., Gaydos, B., Tangphao-Daniels, O., Duff, K., Kareken, D. A., Crawford, J., … Siemers, E. R. (2005). Practice effects and the use of alternate forms in serial neuropsychological testing. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20(4), 517–529. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2004.12.003
- Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (2011). Correlation in restricted ranges of data. BMJ, 342(mar11 1), d556. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d556
- Calamia, M., Markon, K., & Tranel, D. (2012). Scoring higher the second time around: Meta-analyses of practice effects in neuropsychological assessment. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 26(4), 543–570. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22540222.
- Calamia, M., Markon, K., & Tranel, D. (2013). The robust reliability of neuropsychological measures: Meta-analyses of test-retest correlations. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 27(7), 1077–1105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2013.809795
- Chelune, G., Naugle, R., Lüders, H., Sedlak, J., & Awad, I. (1993). Individual change following epilepsy surgery: Practice effects and base-rate information. Neuropsychology, 7(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.7.1.41
- Chelune, G., & Duff, K. (2012). The assessment of change: Serial assessments in dementia evaluation. Springer.
- Crawford, J. R., & Garthwaite, P. H. (2007). Using regression equations built from summary data in the neuropsychological assessment of the individual case. Neuropsychology, 21(5), 611–620. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.21.5.611
- Crockford, C., Newton, J., Lonergan, K., Madden, C., Mays, I., O’Sullivan, M., Costello, E., Pinto-Grau, M., Vajda, A., Heverin, M., Pender, N., Al-Chalabi, A., Hardiman, O., & Abrahams, S. (2018). Measuring reliable change in cognition using the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS). Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 19(1–2), 65–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/21678421.2017.1407794
- Duff, K., Schoenberg, M. R., Patton, D., Mold, J., Scott, J. G., & Adams, R. L. (2004). Predicting change with the RBANS in a community dwelling elderlysample. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10(6), 828–834. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637773.
- Duff, K., Schoenberg, M. R., Patton, D., Paulsen, J. S., Bayless, J. D., Mold, J., SCOTT, J., & Adams, R. L. (2005). Regression-based formulas for predicting change in RBANS subtests with older adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20(3), 281–290. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2004.07.007
- Duff, K., Mold, J. W., Roberts, M. M., & McKay, S. L. (2007). Medical burden and cognition in older patients in primary care: Selective deficits in attention. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22(5), 569–575. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2007.03.007
- Duff, K., Leber, W. R., Patton, D. E., Schoenberg, M. R., Mold, J. W., Scott, J. G., & Adams, R. L. (2007). Modified scoring criteria for the RBANS figures. Applied Neuropsychology, 14(2), 73–83. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09084280701319805
- Duff, K., Beglinger, L. J., Schultz, S. K., Moser, D. J., McCaffrey, R. J., Haase, R. F., … Huntington’s Study, G. (2007). Practice effects in the prediction of long-term cognitive outcome in three patient samples: A novel prognostic index. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2006.08.013
- Duff, K., Beglinger, L. J., Moser, D. J., Paulsen, J. S., Schultz, S. K., & Arndt, S. (2010). Predicting cognitive change in older adults: The relative contribution of practice effects. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 25(2), 81–88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064816.
- Duff, K. (2014). One-week practice effects in older adults: Tools for assessing cognitive change. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 28(5), 714–725. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2014.920923
- Durant, J., Duff, K., & Miller, J. B. (2019). Regression-based formulas for predicting change in memory test scores in healthy older adults: Comparing use of raw versus standardized scores. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 41(5), 460–468. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2019.1571169
- Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state.” A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189–198. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
- Frerichs, R. J., & Tuokko, H. A. (2005). A comparison of methods for measuring cognitive change in older adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20(3), 321–333. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2004.08.002
- Gavett, B. E., Ashendorf, L., & Gurnani, A. S. (2015). Reliable Change on Neuropsychological Tests in the Uniform data set. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 21(7), 558–567. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617715000582
- Gollan, T. H., Weissberger, G. H., Runnqvist, E., Montoya, R. I., & Cera, C. M. (2012). Self-ratings of spoken language dominance: A multi-lingual naming test (MINT) and preliminary norms for young and aging Spanish-English bilinguals. Bilingualism (Cambridge, England), 15(3), 594–615. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728911000332
- Goodglass, H., & Kaplan, E. (1983). The assessment of aphasia and related disorders. Lea & Febiger.
- Grober, E., & Sliwinski, M. (1991). Development and validation of a model for estimating premorbid verbal intelligence in the elderly. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 13(6), 933–949. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01688639108405109
- Hammers, D. B., Suhrie, K. R., Dixon, A., Porter, S., & Duff, K. (2020). Reliable change in cognition over 1 week in community-dwelling older adults: A validation and extension study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol, 36(3), 347–358. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz076
- Hammers, D. B., Duff, K., & Apostolova, L. G. (2022). Examining the role of repeated test exposure over 12 months across ADNI protocols. Alzheimer’s & Dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 14(1), e12289. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.12289
- Heilbronner, R. L., Sweet, J. J., Attix, D. K., Krull, K. R., Henry, G. K., & Hart, R. P. (2010). Official position of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology on serial neuropsychological assessments: The utility and challenges of repeat test administrations in clinical and forensic contexts. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 24(8), 1267–1278. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2010.526785
- Hinton-Bayre, A. D. (2016). Clarifying discrepancies in responsiveness between reliable change indices. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 31(7), 754–768. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acw064
- Iverson, G. L. (2001). Interpreting change on the WAIS-III/WMS-III in clinical samples. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 16(2), 183–191. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14590186.
- Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59(1), 12–19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2002127.
- Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., & Weintraub, S. (1983). The Boston Naming Test. Lea & Febiger.
- Kiselica, A. M., Kaser, A. N., Webber, T. A., Small, B. J., & Benge, J. F. (2020). Development and preliminary validation of standardized regression-based change scores as measures of transitional cognitive decline. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 35(7), 1168–1181. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa042
- Knight, R. G., McMahon, J., Skeaff, C. M., & Green, T. J. (2007). Reliable Change Index scores for persons over the age of 65 tested on alternate forms of the Rey AVLT. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22(4), 513–518. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2007.03.005
- Larasati, A., Hajji, A., & Dwiastuti, A. (2019). The relationship between data skewness and accuracy of Artificial Neural Network predictive model. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 523(1), 012070. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/523/1/012070
- Lezak, M., Howieson, D., Bigler, E., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Lin, S. S., Fletcher, E., Gavett, B. E., & Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging, I. (2021). Reliable change in neuropsychological test scores is associated with brain atrophy in older adults. Journal of Neuropsychology, 15(2), 274–299. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12226
- Marley, C. J., Sinnott, A., Hall, J. E., Morris-Stiff, G., Woodsford, P. V., Lewis, M. H., & Bailey, D. M. (2017). Failure to account for practice effects leads to clinical misinterpretation of cognitive outcome following carotid endarterectomy. Physiological Reports, 5(11), e13264. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13264
- McSweeny, A., Naugle, R. I., Chelune, G. J., & Luders, H. (1993). “T Scores for Change”: An illustration of a regression approach to depicting change in clinical neuropsychology. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 7(3), 300–312. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13854049308401901
- Millis, S. (2003). Statistical practices: The seven deadly sins. Child Neuropsychology, 9(3), 221–233. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1076/chin.9.3.221.16455
- Mohs, R. C., Knopman, D., Petersen, R. C., Ferris, S. H., Ernesto, C., Grundman, M., … Thal, L. J. (1997). Development of cognitive instruments for use in clinical trials of antidementia drugs: Additions to the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale that broaden its scope. The Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 11(Suppl 2), S13–21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9236948.
- Morris, J. C., Heyman, A., Mohs, R. C., Hughes, J. P., van Belle, G., Fillenbaum, G., Mellits, E. D., & Clark, C. (1989). The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 39(9), 1159–1165. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.39.9.1159
- Morris, J. C. (1993). The clinical dementia rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules. Neurology, 43(11), 2412–2414. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.43.11.2412-a
- Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., Bedirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., Cummings, J. L., & Chertkow, H. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(4), 695–699. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x
- O’Connell, M. E., Gould, B., Ursenbach, J., Enright, J., & Morgan, D. G. (2019). Reliable change and minimum clinically important difference (MCID) of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychology Status (RBANS) in a heterogeneous dementia sample: Support for reliable change methods but not the MCID. Appl Neuropsychol Adult, 26(3), 268–274. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2017.1413575
- Ouimet, L. A., Stewart, A., Collins, B., Schindler, D., & Bielajew, C. (2009). Measuring neuropsychological change following breast cancer treatment: An analysis of statistical models. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 31(1), 73–89. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390801992725
- Pereira, D. R., Costa, P., & Cerqueira, J. J. (2015). Repeated assessment and practice effects of the written symbol digit modalities test using a short inter-test interval. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 30(5), 424–434. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acv028
- Randolph, C. (2012). Repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status. The Psychological Corporation.
- Reitan, R. (1992). Trail Making Test: Manual for administration and scoring.
- Rinehardt, E., Duff, K., Schoenberg, M., Mattingly, M., Bharucha, K., & Scott, J. (2010). Cognitive change on the repeatable battery of neuropsychological status (RBANS) in Parkinson’s disease with and without bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation surgery. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 24(8), 1339–1354. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2010.521770
- Sanchez-Benavides, G., Pena-Casanova, J., Casals-Coll, M., Gramunt, N., Manero, R. M., Puig-Pijoan, A., Team, N. S., Antúnez, C., Frank-García, A., Fernández-Martínez, M., Blesa, R., Oliva, R., Gómez-Ansón, B., Monte, G., Alayrach, E., Sainz, A., Caprile, C., Sánchez-Benavides, G., Gramunt, N., … Aguilar, M. (2016). One-Year reference norms of cognitive change in Spanish old adults: Data from the NEURONORMA sample. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 31(4), 378–388. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acw018
- Sawrie, S. M., Chelune, G. J., Naugle, R. I., & Luders, H. O. (1996). Empirical methods for assessing meaningful neuropsychological change following epilepsy surgery. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2(6), 556–564. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617700001739
- Schmidt, M. (1996). Rey auditory verbal learning test: RAVLT: A handbook. Western Psychological Services.
- Sheikh, J. I., & Yesavage, J. (1986). Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clinical Gerontologist, 5(1–2), 165–172. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J018v05n01_09
- Slick, D. (2006). Psychometrics in Neuropsychological Assessment. In E. Strauss, E. Sherman, & O. Spreen (Eds.), A compendium of neuropsychological tests (pp. 1–43). Oxford University Press.
- Stein, J., Luppa, M., Brahler, E., Konig, H. H., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2010). The assessment of changes in cognitive functioning: Reliable change indices for neuropsychological instruments in the elderly - a systematic review. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 29(3), 275–286. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1159/000289779
- Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M. S., & Spreen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Wechsler, D. (1981). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised. Psychological Corporation.
- Wechsler, D. (1987). WMS-R: Wechsler memory scale–revised: Manual. Psychological Corp.
- Weiner, M. W., Veitch, D. P., Aisen, P. S., Beckett, L. A., Cairns, N. J., Green, R. C., Harvey, D., Jack, C. R., Jagust, W., Morris, J. C., Petersen, R. C., Salazar, J., Saykin, A. J., Shaw, L. M., Toga, A. W., & Trojanowski, J. Q., & Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging, I. (2017). The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 3: Continued innovation for clinical trial improvement. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 13(5), 561–571. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2016.10.006