The Role of Parental Bonding and Early Maladaptive Schemas in the Risk of Suicidal Behavior Repetition

REFERENCES

• Adam , K. S. , Keller , A , et al. . ( 1994 ). Parental representation in suicidal adolescents: A controlled study . Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 28 ( 3 ), 418 – 425 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allgulander , C. (2002). Psychiatric aspects of suicidal behaviour: Anxiety disorders. In K. Hawton & K. van Heeringen (Eds.), The international handbook of suicide and attempted suicide (pp. 49–64). Chichester : Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Arrindell , W. A. , Emmellkamp , P. M. G. , Monsma , A. , & Brilman , E. ( 1983 ). The role of perceived parental rearing practices in the aetiology of phobic disorders: A controlled study . British Journal of Psychiatry , 143 , 183 – 187 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrindell , W. A. , Perris , C. , et al. . ( 1986 ). Cross-national invariance of dimensions of parental rearing behavior: Comparison of psychometric data of Swedish depressives and healthy subjects with Dutch target ratings on the EMBU . British Journal of Psychiatry , 148 , 305 – 309 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R. M. , & Kenny , D. A. ( 1986 ). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality & Social Psychology , 52 , 1173 – 1182 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Epstein , N. , et al. . ( 1988 ). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 56 , 893 – 897 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Steer , R. A. , & Brown , G. ( 1995 ). Beck Depression Inventory-II manual . San Antonio , Texas : The Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby , J. ( 1969 ). Attachment and loss, vol 1: Attachment . New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby , J. ( 1977 ). The making and breaking of affectional bonds, 1: Etiology and psychopathology in light of attachment theory . British Journal of Psychiatry , 130 , 201 – 210 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buglass , D. , & Horton , J. ( 1974 ). A scale for predicting subsequent suicidal behaviour . British Journal of Psychiatry , 124 , 573 – 578 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calam , R. , Waller , G. , et al. . ( 1990 ). Eating disorders and perceived relationships with parents . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 9 ( 5 ), 479 – 485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavedo , L. C. , & Parker , G. ( 1994 ). Parental bonding instrument: Exploring for links between scores and obsessionality . Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology , 29 ( 2 ), 78 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark-Carter , D. ( 1997 ). Doing quantitative research: From design to report . Hove : Psychology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. ( 1992 ). A power primer . Psychological Bulletin , 112 ( 1 ), 155 – 159 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennehy , J. A. , Appleby , L. , et al. . ( 1994 ). Case-control study of suicide by discharged psychiatric patients . British Medical Journal , 312 ( 7046 ), 1580 .
   Google Scholar
• Diamond , G. M. , Didner , H. , et al. . ( 2005 ). Perceived parental care and control among Israeli female adolescents presenting to emergency rooms after self-poisoning . Adolescence , 40 ( 158 ), 257 – 272 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Enns , M. W. , Cox , B. J. , & Clara , I. ( 2002 ). Parental bonding and adult psychopathology: Results from the US National Comorbidity Survey . Psychological Medicine , 32 , 997 – 1008 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fydrich , T. , Dowdall , D. , & Chambers , D. L. ( 1992 ). Reliability and validity of the Beck Anxiety Inventory . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 6 , 55 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garzotto , N. , Siani , R. , et al. . ( 1976 ). Cross-validation of a predictive scale for subsequent suicidal behaviour in an Italian sample . The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science , 128 , 137 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerlsma , C. , Arrindell , W. A. , et al. . ( 1991 ). A parental rearing style questionnaire for use with adolescents: Psychometric evaluation of the EMBUA . Personality and Individual Differences , 123 , 1245 – 1253 .
   Google Scholar
• Gerlsma , C. , Das , J. , & Emmelkamp , P. M. G. ( 1993 ). Depressed patients' parental representations: Stability across changes in depressed mood and specificity across diagnoses . Journal of Affective Disorders , 27 , 173 – 181 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldney , R. D. ( 1985 ). Parental representations in young women who attempt suicide . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 72 , 230 – 232 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotlib , I. , Mount , J. , et al. . ( 1988 ). Depression and perceptions of early parenting: A longitudinal investigation . British Journal of Psychiatry , 152 , 24 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greer , S. , & Bagley , C. ( 1971 ). Effect of psychiatric intervention in attempted suicide: Controlled study . British Medical Journal , 1 , 310 – 312 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , A. E. , & Curtin , L. ( 2002 ). Parental perceptions, early maladaptive schemas, and depressive symptoms in young adults . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 26 ( 3 ), 405 – 416 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart , E. E. , Williams , C. L. , & Davidson , J. A. ( 1988 ). Suicidal behaviour, social networks and psychiatric diagnosis . Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 23 ( 4 ), 222 – 228 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawton , K. , & Fagg , J. ( 1992 ). Trends in deliberate self poisoning and self injury in Oxford, 1976–1990 . British Medical Journal , 304 , 1409 – 1411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawton , K. , & Fagg , J. ( 1995 ). Repetition of attempted suicide: The performance of the Edinburgh predictive scales in patients in Oxford . Archives of Suicide Research , 1 ( 4 ), 261 – 272 .
   Google Scholar
• House , A. , Owens , D. , & Patchett , L. ( 1998 ). Deliberate self-harm . Effective Health Care , 4 ( 6 ), 1 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Kreitman , N. , & Foster , J. (1991). The construction and selection of predictive scales, with special reference to parasuicide. British Journal of Psychiatry , 159, 185–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai , K. W. , & McBride-Chang , C. ( 2001 ). Suicidal ideation, parenting style, and family climate among Hong Kong adolescents . International Journal of Psychology , 36 ( 2 ), 81 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , C. W. , Taylor , G. , & Dunn , J. ( 1999 ). Factor structure of the Schema Questionnaire in a Large Clinical Sample . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 23 ( 4 ), 441 – 451 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leon , C. A. , & Leon , A. ( 1990 ). Panic disorder and parental bonding . Psychiatric Annals , 20 ( 9 ), 503 – 508 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung , N. , Thomas , G. , & Waller , G. ( 2000 ). The relationship between parental bonding and core beliefs in anorexic and bulimic women . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 39 , 205 – 213 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann , J. J. , Waternaux , C. , et al. . ( 1999 ). Towards a clinical model of suicidal behaviour in psychiatric patients . American Journal of Psychiatry , 156 , 181 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchetto , M. J. ( 2006 ). Repetitive skin-cutting: Parental bonding, personality and gender . Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice , 79 , 445 – 459 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , G. , & Waite , S. ( 1994 ). Parental bonding and vulnerability to adolescent suicide . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 89 , 246 – 254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meltzer , H. , Lader , D. , et al. . ( 2002 ). Non-fatal suicidal behaviour among adults aged 16–74 in Great Britain . London : The Stationary Office .
   Google Scholar
• Murray , L. K. ( 2003 ). Do schemas mediate the relationship between parental bonding and psychopathology in adulthood? Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
   Google Scholar
• Orbach , I. ( 2007 ). From abandonment to symbiosis. A development reversal in suicidal adolescents . Psychoanalytic Psychology , 24 , 150 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orbach , I. , Gilboa-Schechtman , E. , et al. . ( 2006 ). Negative bodily self in suicide attempters . Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , 36 , 136 – 153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , G. ( 1979a ). Parental characteristics in relation to depressive disorders . British Journal of Psychiatry , 134 , 138 – 147 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , G. ( 1979b ). Reported parental characteristics of agoraphobics and social phobics . British Journal of Psychiatry , 135 , 555 – 560 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , G. ( 1986 ). Validating an experiential measure of parenting style: The use of a twin sample . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 74 , 22 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Parker , G. , Kiloh , L. , & Hayward , L. ( 1987 ). Parental representations of neurotic and endogenous depressives . Journal of Affective Disorders , 13 , 75 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , G. , Tupling , H. , & Brown , L. B. ( 1979 ). A parental bonding instrument . British Journal of Psychiatry , 52 , 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Pederson , W. ( 1994 ). Parental relations, mental health and delinquency in adolescents . Adolescence , 29 , 975 – 990 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Plantes , M. M. , Prusoff , B. A. , et al. . ( 1988 ). Parental representations of depressed outpatients from a US sample . Journal of Affective Disorders , 15 , 149 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt , N. B. , Joiner , T. E. , et al. . ( 1995 ). The Schema Questionnaire: Investigation of psychometric properties and the hierarchical structure of a measure of maladaptive schemas . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 19 ( 3 ), 295 – 321 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah , R. , & Waller , G. ( 2000 ). Parental style and vulnerability to depression: The role of core beliefs . The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 188 ( 1 ), 19 – 25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silove , D. ( 1986 ). Perceived parental characteristics and reports of early parental deprivation in agoraphobic patients . Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 20 , 365 – 369 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silove , D. , George , G. , & Bhavani-Sankaram , V. ( 1987 ). Parasuicide: Interaction between inadequate parenting and recent interpersonal stress . Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 21 , 221 – 230 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turgeon , L. , O'Connor , K. P. , et al. . ( 2002 ). Recollections of parent-child relationships in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder and panic disorder with agoraphobia . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 105 , 310 – 316 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner , H. M. , Rose , K. S. , & Cooper , M. J. ( 2005 ). Parental bonding and eating disorder symptoms in adolescents: The mediating role of core beliefs . Eating Behaviors , 6 ( 2 ), 113 – 118 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Violato , C. , & Arato , J. ( 2005 ). Childhood attachment and adolescent suicide: A stepwise discriminant analysis in a case-comparison study . Individual Differences Research , 2 ( 3 ), 162 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Waller , G. , Meyer , C. , & Ohanian , V. ( 2001 ). Psychometric properties of the long and short versions of the Young Schema Questionnaire: Core beliefs among bulimic and comparison women . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 25 , 137 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellburn , K. , Coristine , M. , et al. . ( 2002 ). The Schema Questionnaire-Short Form: Factor analysis and relationship between schemas and symptoms . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 26 , 519 – 530 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilhelm , K. , Niven , H. , et al.. (2005). The stability of the Parental Bonding Instrument over a 20-year period. Psychological Medicine , 35(3), 387–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi , N. , Kobayashi , J. , Tachikawa , H. , Sato , S. , Hori , M. , Suzuki , T. , & Shiraishi , H. ( 2000 ). Parental representation in eating disorder patients with suicide . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 49 , 131 – 136 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , J. E. ( 1990 ). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach . Florida : Professional Resources Press .
   Google Scholar
• Young , J. E. ( 1998 ). Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form () , 1st ed. . New York : Cognitive Therapy Centre .
   Google Scholar