PTSD, Depression, and Substance Use in Relation to Suicidality Risk among Traumatized Minority Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth

REFERENCES

• Barbara, A. M. & Chaim, G. (2004). Asking about sexual orientation during assessment for drug and alcohol concerns: A pilot study. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 4, 89–109.
   Google Scholar
• Brådvik, L., Mattisson, C., Bogren, M. & Nettelbladt, P. (2010). Mental disorders in suicide and undetermined death in the Lundby Study. The Contribution of severe depression and alcohol dependence. Archives of Suicide Research, 14, 266–275. doi:10.1080/13811118.2010.494146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Button, D. M., O'Connell, D. J. & Gealt, R. (2012). Sexual minority youth victimization and social support: The intersection of sexuality, gender, race, and victimization. Journal of Homosexuality, 59, 18–43. doi:10.1080/00918369.2011.614903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, H., Lai, Y., Chang, C., Kao, C., Shyu, M. & Lee, M. (2012). Gender and age differences among youth, in utilization of mental health services in the year preceding suicide in Taiwan. Community Mental Health Journal, 48, 771–780. doi:10.1007/s10597-011-9470-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, A. H. & Dewa, C. S. (2007). Mental health service use among adolescents and young adults with major depressive disorder and suicidality. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 228–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coker, T. R., Austin, S. & Schuster, M. A. (2010). The health and health care of lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents. Annual Review of Public Health, 31, 457–477. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cougle, J. R., Resnick, H. & Kilpatrick, D. G. (2009). PTSD, depression, and their comorbidity in relation to suicidality: cross-sectional and prospective analyses of a national probability sample of women. Depression & Anxiety, 26, 1151–1157. doi:10.1002/da.20621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czarnecki, D. M., Russell, M., Cooper, M. & Salter, D. (1990). Five-year reliability of self-reported alcohol consumption. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 51, 68–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhawan, A., Balhara, Y. & Phil, N. M. (2010). Adolescent substance use and suicide. Journal of Indian Association for Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 6, 34–42.
   Google Scholar
• Dragowski, E. A., Halkitis, P. N., Grossman, A. H. & D'Augelli, A. R. (2011). Sexual orientation victimization and posttraumatic stress symptoms among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 23, 226–249. doi:10.1080/10538720.2010.541028
   Google Scholar
• Duarté-Vélez, Y. M. & Bernal, G. (2007). Suicide behavior among Latino and Latina adolescents: Conceptual and methodological issues. Death Studies, 31, 435–455. doi:10.1080/07481180701244579
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Shanklin, S., Ross, J., Hawkins, J. & … Wechsler, H. (2008). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2007. MMWR: Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 57, 1–130.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Felson, R. B. & Staff, J. J. (2010). The effects of alcohol intoxication on violent versus other offending. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37, 1343–1360. doi:10.1177/0093854810382003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fendrich, M., Weissman, M. M. & Warner, V. (1990). Screening for depressive disorder in children and adolescents: Validating the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for children. American Journal of Epidemiology, 131, 538–551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., Cashman, L. Jaycox & Perry, K. (1997). The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The posttraumatic diagnostic scale. Psychological Assessment, 9, 445.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, M. S., Marshal, M. P., Guadamuz, T. E., Wei, C., Wong, C. F., Saewyc, E. M. & Stall, R. (2011). A meta-analysis of disparities in childhood sexual abuse, parental physical abuse, and peer victimization among sexual minority and sexual nonminority individuals. American Journal of Public Health, 101, 1481–1494. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009190009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, K. M., Zebrak, K. A., Fothergill, K. E., Robertson, J. A. & Ensminger, M. E. (2012). Childhood and adolescent risk factors for comorbid depression and substance use disorders in adulthood. Addictive Behaviors, 37, 1240–1247. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.06.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handley, T. E., Inder, K. J., Kay-Lambkin, F. J., Stain, H. J., Fitzgerald, M., Lewin, T. J. & … Kelly, B. J. (2012). Contributors to suicidality in rural communities: Beyond the effects of depression. BMC Psychiatry, 12, 105–114. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-12-105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooven, C., Snedker, K. A. & Thompson, E. (2012). Suicide risk at young adulthood: Continuities and discontinuities from adolescence. Youth & Society, 44, 524–547. doi:10.1177/0044118X11407526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, T., McCabe, S., Wilsnack, S. C., West, B. T. & Boyd, C. J. (2010). Victimization and substance use disorders in a national sample of heterosexual and sexual minority women and men. Sexual identity, victimization and SUDs. Addiction, 105, 2130–2140. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03088.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Y., Perry, D. & Hesser, J. (2010). Suicide Patterns and association with predictors among Rhode Island public high school students: A latent class analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 1701–1707. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.183483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joe, S., Romer, D. & Jamieson, P. E. (2007). Suicide acceptability is related to suicide planning in u.s. adolescents and young adults. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 37, 165–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, K. A., Strunk, C. M. & Sorter, M. T. (2011). Preliminary effectiveness of Surviving the Teens® suicide prevention and depression awareness program on adolescents’ suicidality and self-efficacy in performing help-seeking behaviors. Journal of School Health, 81, 581–590. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00630.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D. & Nazareth, I. (2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry, 81, 17.
   Google Scholar
• Kirmayer, L. J. (2012). Changing patterns in suicide among young people. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 184, 1015–1016. doi:10.1503/cmaj.120509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klimkiewicz, A., Ilgen, M., Bohnert, A., Jakubczyk, A., Wojnar, M. & Brower, K. (2012). Suicide attempts during heavy drinking episodes among individuals entering alcohol treatment in Warsaw, Poland (English). Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford), 47, 571–576.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokkevi, A., Richardson, C., Olszewski, D., Matias, J., Monshouwer, K. & Bjarnason, T. (2012). Multiple substance use and self-reported attempted suicide by adolescents in 16 European countries. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 21, 443–450. doi:10.1007/s00787-012-0276-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luk, J., Wang, J. & Simons-Morton, B. (2010). Bullying victimization and substance use among U.S. adolescents: Mediation by depression. Prevention Science, 11, 355–359. doi:10.1007/s11121-010-0179-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maguen, S., Metzler, T. J., Bosch, J., Marmar, C. R., Knight, S. J. & Neylan, T. C. (2012). Killing in combat may be independently associated with suicidal ideation. Depression & Anxiety, 29, 918–923. doi:10.1002/da.21954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshal, M. P., Friedman, M. S., Stall, R., King, K. M., Miles, J., Gold, M. A. & … Morse, J. Q. (2008). Sexual orientation and adolescent substance use: a meta-analysis and methodological review. Addiction, 103, 546–556. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02149.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshal, M. P., Friedman, M. S., Stall, R. & Thompson, A. L. (2009). Individual trajectories of substance use in lesbian, gay and bisexual youth and heterosexual youth. Addiction, 104, 974–981. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02531.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S., Bostwick, W. B., Hughes, T. L., West, B. T. & Boyd, C. J. (2010). The relationship between discrimination and substance use disorders among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 1946–1952. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.163147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCart, M. R., Zajac, K., Danielson, C., Strachan, M., Ruggiero, K. J., Smith, D. W. & … Kilpatrick, D. G. (2011). Interpersonal victimization, posttraumatic stress disorder, and change in adolescent substance use prevalence over a ten-year period. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40, 136–143. doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.533411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nayak, M. B., Lown, E., Bond, J. C. & Greenfield, T. K. (2012). Lifetime victimization and past year alcohol use in a U.S. population sample of men and women drinkers. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 123, 213–219. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.11.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nepon, J., Belik, S., Bolton, J. & Sareen, J. (2010). The relationship between anxiety disorders and attempted suicide: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Depression & Anxiety, 27, 791–798. doi:10.1002/da.20674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donnell, S., Meyer, I. H. & Schwartz, S. (2011). Increased risk of suicide attempts among Black and Latino lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. American Journal of Public Health, 101, 1055–1059. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.300032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pompili, M., Serafini, G., Innamorati, M., Biondi, M., Siracusano, A., Di Giannantonio, M. & … Möller-Leimkühler, A. (2012). Substance abuse and suicide risk among adolescents. European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience, 262, 469–485. doi:10.1007/s00406-012-0292-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pompili, M., Serafini, G., Innamorati, M., Möller-Leimkühler, A., Giupponi, G., Girardi, P. & … Lester, D. (2010). The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and serotonin abnormalities: a selective overview for the implications of suicide prevention. European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience, 260, 583–600. doi:10.1007/s00406-010-0108-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner, K., Brent, D., Lucas, C., Gould, M., Stanley, B., Brown, G., … Mann, J. (2008). Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Columbia University Medical Center.
   Google Scholar
• Rojas, S., Bujarski, S., Dutton, C., Feldner, M. & Babson, K. (2014). Understanding PTSD comorbidity and suicidal behavior: Associations among histories of alcohol dependence, major depressive disorder, and suicidal ideation and attempts. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28, 318–325. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.02.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, S. T., Ryan, C., Toomey, R. B., Diaz, R. M. & Sanchez, J. (2011). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adolescent school victimization: Implications for young adult health and adjustment. Journal of School Health, 81, 223–230. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00583.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silenzio, V. B., Duberstein, P. R., Tang, W., Lu, N., Tu, X. & Homan, C. M. (2009). Connecting the invisible dots: Reaching lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents and young adults at risk for suicide through online social networks. Social Science & Medicine, 69, 469–474. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silenzio, V. B., Pena, J. B., Duberstein, P. R., Cerel, J. & Knox, K. (2007). Sexual orientation and risk factors for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among adolescents and young adults. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 2017–2019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steele, M. M. & Doey, T. (2007). Suicidal behaviour in children and adolescents. Part 1: Etiology and risk factors. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 21S–33S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens, D., Wilcox, H. C., MacKinnon, D. F., Mondimore, F. M., Schweizer, B., Jancic, D. & … Potash, J. B. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder increases risk for suicide attempt in adults with recurrent major depression. Depression & Anxiety, 30, 940. doi:10.1002/da.22160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, M. G., Exum, M., Brame, R. & Holt, T. J. (2013). Bullying victimization and adolescent mental health: General and typological effects across sex. Journal of Criminal Justice, 41, 53–59. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2012.12.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler, K. A., Gervais, S. J. & Davidson, M. (2013). The relationship between victimization and substance use among homeless and runaway female adolescents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28, 474–493. doi:10.1177/0886260512455517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dam, D., Vedel, E., Ehring, T. & Emmelkamp, P. (2012). Psychological treatments for concurrent posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 202–214. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.01.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, K. D., Brief, D. J., Vielhauer, M. J., Sussman, S., Keane, T. M. & Malow, R. (2009). The potential for PTSD, substance use, and HIV risk behavior among adolescents exposed to Hurricane Katrina. Substance Use & Misuse, 44, 1749–1767. doi:10.3109/10826080902963472
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, G. R., Redman, S., Gibberd, R. W. & Sanson-Fisher, R. W. (1991). The reliability and stability of a quantity-frequency method and a diary method of measuring alcohol consumption. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 27, 223–231. doi:10.1016/0376-8716(91)90005-J
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissman, M., Orvaschel, H. & Padian, N. (1980). Children's symptom and social functioning self-report scales. Comparison of mothers’ and children's reports. The Journal of Nervous And Mental Disease, 168, 736–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, K. A. & Chapman, M. V. (2011). Comparing health and mental health needs, service use, and barriers to services among sexual minority youths and their peers. Health & Social Work, 36, 197–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar