Religious Coping and Suicide Risk in a Sample of Recently Returned Veterans

REFERENCES

• Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Blair-West, G. W., Cantor, C. H., Mellsop, G. W., & Eyeson-Annan, M. L. (1999). Lifetime suicide risk in major depression: Sex and age determinants. Journal of Affective Disorders, 55, 171–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, D. R., Carney, J. S., Parrish, M. S., & Klem, J. L. (2013). Assessing spirituality: The relationship between spirituality and mental health. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 15, 107–122.
   Google Scholar
• Bullman, T., Hoffmire, C., Schneiderman, A., & Bossarte R. (2015). Time dependent gender differences in suicide risk among Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans. Annals of Epidemiology, 25, 964–965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2016). Web-based injury statistics query and reporting system (WISQARS) [online]. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1994). The earth is round (p < .05). American Psychologist, 49(12), 997–1003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currier, J. M., Smith, P. N., & Kuhlman, S. (2017). Assessing the unique role of religious coping in suicidal behavior among U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 9, 118–123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demers, A. (2011). When veterans return: The role of community in reintegration. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 16, 160–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Defense. (2015). 2014 demographics, profile of the military community. Retrieved from http://download.militaryonesource.mil/12038/MOS/Reports/2014-Demographics-Report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Veterans Affairs. (2011). America’s women veterans: Military service history and VA benefit utilization statistics. Washington, DC: National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Fetzer Institute, National Institute on Aging Working Group. (2003). Multidimensional measurement of religiousness, spirituality for use in health research. A report of a national working group. Kalamazoo, MI: Fetzer Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being. Psychological Science, 13, 172–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goertz, C., Marriott, B. P., Finch, M. D., Bray, R. M., Williams, T. V., Hourani, L. L., … Jonas W. B. (2013). Military report more complementary and alternative medicine use than civilians. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 19, 509–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenawalt, D. S., Tsan, J. Y., Kimbrel, N. A., Meyer, E. C., Kruse, M. I., Tharp, D. F., … Morissette, S. B. (2011). Mental health treatment involvement and religious coping among African American, Hispanic, and White veterans of the wars of Iraq and Afghanistan. Depression Research and Treatment, 2011, 1–10. doi:10.1155/2011/192186.
   Google Scholar
• Hebert, R., Zdaniuk, B., Schulz, R., & Scheier, M. (2009). Positive and negative religious coping and well-being in women with breast cancer. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 12, 537–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmire, C. A., Kemp, J. E., & Bossarte, R. M. (2015). Changes in suicide mortality for veterans and nonveterans by gender and history of VHA service use, 2000–2010. Psychiatric Services, 66, 959–965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller, F., & Wolfersdorf, M. (1993). Hopelessness and the tendency to commit suicide in the course of depressive disorders. Crisis, 14, 173–177.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kimbrel, N. A., DeBeer, B. B., Meyer, E. C., Gulliver, S. B., & Morissette, S. B. (2016). Nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide attempts in Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans. Psychiatry Research, 243, 232–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenig, H. G., King, D. E., & Carson, V. B. (2012). Handbook of religion and health. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kok, B. E., Coffey, K. A., Cohn, M. A., Catalino, L. I., Vacharkulksemsuk, T., Algoe, S. B., … Fredrickson, B. L. (2013). How positive emotions build physical health: Perceived positive social connections account for the upward spiral between positive emotions and vagal tone. Psychological Science, 24, 1123–1132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopacz, M. S. (2014). The spiritual health of veterans with a history of suicide ideation. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine: An Open Access Journal, 2, 349–358. doi:10.1080/21642850.2014.881260.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kopacz, M. S., Currier, J. M., Dresher, K. D., & Pigeon, W. R. (2016). Suicidal behavior and spiritual functioning in a sample of veterans diagnosed with PTSD. Journal of Injury & Violence Research, 8, 6–14. doi:10.5249/jivr.v8i1.728.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kopacz, M. S., Morley, S. W., Woźniak, B. M., Simons, K. V., Bishop, T. M., & Vance, C. G. (2016). Religious well-being and suicide ideation in veterans—An exploratory study. Pastoral Psychology, 65, 481–491. doi:10.1007/s11089-016-0699-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaPierre, L. L. (1994). The spirituality and religiosity of veterans. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 6, 73–82.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCarten, J. M., Hoffmire, C. A., & Bossarte, R. M. (2015). Changes in overall and firearm veteran suicide rates by gender, 2001–2010. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 48, 360–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean, C. P., Zang, Y., Zandberg, L., Bryan, C. J., Gay, N., Yarvis, J. S., Foa, E. B., … STRONG STAR Consortium. (2017). Predictors of suicidal ideation among active duty military personnel with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 208, 392–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihaljević, S., Aukst-Margetić, B., Vuksan-Ćusa, B., Koić, E., & Milošević, M. (2012). Hopelessness, suicidality and religious coping in Croatian war veterans with PTSD. Psychiatria Danubina, 24, 292–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norussis, M. (2012). IBM SPSS statistics 19 advanced statistical procedures companion. Boston, MA: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Pargament, K. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pargament, K. I., Van Haitsma, K. S., & Ensing, D. S. (1995). Religion and coping. In M. A. Kimble, S. H. McFadden, J. W. Ellor, & J. J. Seeber (Eds.), Aging, spirituality and religion: A handbook (47–67). Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pargament, K. I., Smith, B. W., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, 710–724.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. M. (2000). The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 519–543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, C. L., Currier, J. M., Harris, J. I., & Slattery, J. M. (2017). Spirituality, meaning, and trauma. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. (2015). America’s changing religious landscape. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.
   Google Scholar
• Posner, K., Brown, G. K., Stanley, B., Brent, D. A., Yershova, K. V., Oquendo, M. A., … Mann, J. J. (2011). The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 1266–1277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pressman, S. D., & Cohen, S. (2005). Does positive affect influence health? Psychological Bulletin, 131, 925–971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reger, M. A., Smolenski, D. J., Skopp, N. A., Metzger-Abamukang, M. J., Kang, H. K., Bullman, T. A., … Gahm, G. A. (2015). Risk of suicide among U.S. military service members following Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom deployment and separation from the U.S. military. JAMA Psychiatry, 72, 561–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosnow, R. L., & Rosenthal, R. (1989). Statistical procedures and the justification of knowledge in psychological science. American Psychologist, 44, 1276–1284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, S. C., Goldberg, M. S., & Mayo, N. E. (1997). Statistical assessment of ordinal outcomes in comparative studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 50, 45–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snarr, J. D., Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. S. (2010). Recent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a large-scale survey of the U.S. Air Force: Prevalence and demographic risk factors. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 40, 544–552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swinton, J. (2001). Spirituality and mental health care. London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Tamburrino, M. B., Lynch, D. J., Nagel, R. W., & Smith, M. K. (2009). Primary care evaluation of mental disorders (PRIME-MD) screening for minor depressive disorder in primary care. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 11, 339–343.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tanyi, R. A. (2002). Towards clarification of the meaning of spirituality. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 39, 500–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, V. J. & Bowie, S. L. (2016). Sense of community: Is it a protective factor for military veterans? Journal of Social Service Research, 42, 313–331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thune-Boyle, I. C., Stygall, J. A., Keshtgar, M. R., & Newman, S. P. (2006). Do religious/spiritual coping strategies affect illness adjustment in patients with cancer? A systematic review of the literature. Social Science & Medicine, 63, 151–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VA Suicide Prevention Program. (2016). Facts about veteran suicide. Retrieved from www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/Suicide_Prevention_FactSheet_New_VA_Stats_070616_1400.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Wortmann, J. (2013). Religious coping. In M. D. Gellman & J. R. Turner (Eds.), Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (pp. 1647–1648). New York, NY: Springer Science +Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, J. (2016). Pargament’s theory of religious coping: Implications for spiritually sensitive social work practice. British Journal of Social Work, 46, 1394–1410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar