How Do Families Represent the Functions of Deliberate Self-Harm? A Comparison between the Social Representations from Adolescents and Their Parents

References

• Arbuthnott, A. E., & Lewis, S. P. (2015). Parents of youth who self-injure: A review of the literature and implications for mental health professionals. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 9(1),1–35. doi:10.1186/s13034-015-0066-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baetens, I., Claes, L., Onghena, P., Grietens, H., V., Leeuwen, K., Pieters, C., … Griffith, J. W. (2015). The effects of nonsuicidal self-injury on parenting behaviors: A longitudinal analyses of the perspective of the parent. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 9(1),24. doi:10.1186/s13034-015-0059-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Batejan, K. L., Swenson, L. P., Jarvi, S. M., & Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2015). Perceptions of the functions of nonsuicidal self-injury in a college sample. Crisis, 36(5),338–344. doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000332
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bentley, K. H., Nock, M. K., & Barlow, D. H. (2014). The four-function model of nonsuicidal self-injury: Key directions for future research. Clinical Psychological Science, 2(5), 638–656. doi:10.1177/2167702613514563
   Google Scholar
• Bhushan, R. (1993). A study of family communication: Parents and their adolescent children. Journal of Personality and Clinical Studies, 9, 79–85.
   Google Scholar
• Bresin, K., Sand, E., & Gordon, K. (2013). Non-suicidal self-injury from the observer's perspective: A vignette study. Archives of Suicide Research: Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 17(3),185–195. doi:10.1080/13811118.2013.805636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunner, R., Kaess, M., Parzer, P., Fischer, G., Carli, V., Hoven, C. W., … Wasserman, D. (2014). Life-time prevalence and psychosocial correlates of adolescent direct self-injurious behavior: A comparative study of findings in 11 European countries. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(4), 337–348. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvete, E., Orue, I., Aizpuru, L., & Brotherton, H. (2015). Prevalence and functions of non-suicidal self-injury in Spanish adolescents. Psicothema, 27(3),223–228. doi:10.7334/psicothema2014.262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho, C. B., Motta, C., Sousa, M., & Cabral, J. (2017). Biting myself so I don’t bite the dust: Prevalence and predictors of deliberate self-harm and suicide ideation in Azorean youths. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 39(3), 252–262. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, W. A., & Russell, G. (1991). Mother–child and father–child relationships in middle childhood and adolescence: A developmental analysis. Developmental Review, 11(2), 99–136. doi:10.1016/0273-2297(91)90004-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowell, S. E., Beauchaine, T. P., McCauley, E., Smith, C. J., Vasilev, C. A., & Stevens, A. L. (2008). Parent–child interactions, peripheral serotonin, and self-inflicted injury in adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(1), 15–21. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle, A. B., Lawford, H., & Markiewicz, D. (2009). Attachment style with mother, father, best friend, and romantic partner during adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(4), 690–714. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00617.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte, E., Gouveia-Pereira, M., Gomes, H., & Sampaio, D. (in press). Social representations about the functions of deliberate self-harm: Construction and validation of a questionnaire for Portuguese adolescents. Journal of Personality Assessment. Duarte, E., Gouveia-Pereira, M., Gomes, H., & Sampaio, D. (n.d.). Social representations about the functions of deliberate self-harm: Construction and validation of a questionnaire for Portuguese adults. Behaviour Change, 1–17. doi:10.1017/bec.2018.22
   Google Scholar
• Evans, R., & Hurrell, C. (2016). The role of schools in children and young people's self-harm and suicide: Systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research. BMC Public Health, 16,401. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3065-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrey, A. E., Hughes, N. D., Simkin, S., Locock, L., Stewart, A., Kapur, N., … Hawton, K. (2016). The impact of self-harm by young people on parents and families: A qualitative study. BMJ Open, 6(1). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves, S. F., Martins, C., Rosendo, A. P., Machado, B. C., & Silva, E. (2012). Self-injurious behavior in Portuguese adolescents. Psicothema, 24(4), 536–541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gouveia-Pereira, M., Amaral, V., & Soares, S. (1997). Identidades sociais e representações sociais dos adolescentes acerca da SIDA. Análise Psicológica, 4(XV), 617–636.
   Google Scholar
• Gouveia-Pereira, M., Gomes, H., Santos, N., Frazão, P., & Sampaio, D. (2016). Relação Entre as Dinâmicas Familiares e os Comportamentos Suicidários Dos Adolescentes e Pais). Lisboa: Communication presented during Colóquio Psicanálise e Mudança. ISPA-IU.
   Google Scholar
• Guerreiro, D. F., Sampaio, D., Figueira, M. L., & Madge, N. (2017). Self-harm in adolescents: A self-report survey in schools from Lisbon, Portugal. Archives of Suicide Research : Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 21(1),83–99. doi:10.1080/13811118.2015.1004480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasking, P., Rees, C. S., Martin, G., & Quigley, J. (2015). What happens when you tell someone you self-injure? The effects of disclosing NSSI to adults and peers. BMC Public Health, 15 (1039–1048). doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2383-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawton, K., Fagg, J., & Simkin, S. (1996). Deliberate self-poisoning and self-injury in children and adolescents under 16 years of age in Oxford, 1976-1993. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 169(2), 202–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawton, K., & James, A. (2005). Suicide and deliberate self harm in young people. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.), 330(7496),891–894. doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7496.891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawton, K., Saunders, K. E. A., & O'Connor, R. C. (2012). Self-harm and suicide in adolescents.Lancet (London, England), 379(9834),2373–2382. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60322-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath, N. L., Ross, S., Toste, J. R., Charlebois, A., & Nedecheva, T. (2009). Retrospective analysis of social factors and nonsuicidal self-injury among young adults. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 41(3), 180–186. doi:10.1037/a0015732
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath, N. L., Toste, J. R., & Beettam, E. L. (2007). “I am not well-equipped”: High School Teachers’ Perceptions of Self-Injury. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 21(1), 73–92. doi:10.1177/0829573506298471
   Google Scholar
• Heath, N. L., Toste, J. R., Sornberger, M. J., & Wagner, C. (2011). Teachers’ perceptions of nonsuicidal self-injury in the schools. School Mental Health, 3(1), 35–43. doi:10.1007/s12310-010-9043-4
   Google Scholar
• Hurd, K. P., Wooding, S., & Noller, P. (1999). Parent-adolescent relationships in families with depressed and self-harming adolescents. Journal of Family Studies, 5(1), 47–68. doi:10.5172/jfs.5.1.47
   Google Scholar
• Jacobson, C. M., & Gould, M. (2007). The epidemiology and phenomenology of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior among adolescents: A critical review of the literature. Archives of Suicide Research, 11(2), 129–147. doi:10.1080/13811110701247602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jodelet, D. (1984). Réflexions sur le traitement de la notion de représentation sociale en psychologie sociale. Communication – Information, 6(2-3), 15–42.
   Google Scholar
• Karman, P., Kool, N., Poslawsky, I. E., & Van Meijel, B. (2015). attitudes towards selfharm: A literature review. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 22(1),65–75. doi:10.1111/jpm.12171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelada, L., Hasking, P., & Melvin, G. (2016). Adolescent NSSI and recovery: The role of family functioning and emotion regulation. Youth and Society, 50(8),1–22. doi:10.1177/0044118X16653153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klonsky, E. (2007). The functions of deliberate self-injury: A review of the evidence. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(2),226–239. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klonsky, E. D., & Glenn, C. R. (2009). Assessing the functions of non-suicidal self-injury: Psychometric properties of the inventory of statements about self-injury (ISAS). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31(3),215–219. doi:10.1007/s10862-008-9107-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kortge, R., Meade, T., & Tennant, A. (2013). Interpersonal and intrapersonal functions of deliberate self-harm (DSH): A psychometric examination of the inventory of statements about self-injury (ISAS) scale. Behaviour Change, 30(01), 24–35. doi:10.1017/bec.2013.3
   Google Scholar
• Law, G. U., Rostill-Brookes, H., & Goodman, D. (2009). Public stigma in health and non-healthcare students: Attributions, emotions and willingness to help with adolescent self-harm. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(1),108–119. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.08.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd-Richardson, E. E. (2008). Adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: Who is doing it and why? Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 29(3), 216–218. doi:10.1097/DBP.0b013e318173a5c1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madge, N., Hewitt, A., Hawton, K., Wilde, E., Corcoran, P., Fekete, S., … Ystgaard, M. (2008). Deliberate self-harm within an international community sample of young people: Comparative findings from the Child & Adolescent Self-harm in Europe (CASE) Study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(6), 667–677. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01879.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markiewicz, D., Lawford, H., Doyle, A. B., & Haggart, N. (2006). Developmental differences in adolescents’ and young adults’ use of mothers, fathers, best friends, and romantic partners to fulfill attachment needs. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(1), 121–134. doi:10.1007/s10964-005-9014-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, G., O'Brien, L., & Jackson, D. (2007). Guilt and shame: Experiences of parents of self-harming adolescents. Journal of Child Health Care, 11(4), 298–310. doi:10.1177/1367493507082759
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miner, C. L., Love, H. A., & Paik, S. E. (2016). Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: Addressing the function and the family from the perspective of systemic family therapies. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 44(4), 211–220. doi:10.1080/01926187.2016.1150798
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mojtabai, R., & Olfson, M. (2008). Parental detection of youth's self-harm behavior. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38(1),60–73. doi:10.1521/suli.2008.38.1.60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moscovici, S. (1961). La Psycanalyse – Son Image et Son Public. Paris: P.U.F.
   Google Scholar
• Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2006). Empirically supported treatments and general therapy guidelines for non-suicidal self-injury. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 28(2), 166–185. doi:10.17744/mehc.28.2.6w61cut2lxjdg3m7
   Google Scholar
• Muehlenkamp, J. J., Brausch, A., Quigley, K., & Whitlock, J. (2013). Interpersonal features and functions of nonsuicidal self-injury. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 43(1),67–80. doi:10.1111/j.1943-278X.2012.00128.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muehlenkamp, J. J., Claes, L., Havertape, L., & Plener, P. L. (2012). International prevalence of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and deliberate self-harm. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 6(1),10–19. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-6-10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nock, M. K. (2008). Actions speak louder than words: An elaborated theoretical model of the social functions of self-injury and other harmful behaviors. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 12(4), 159–168. doi:10.1016/j.appsy.2008.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nock, M. K. (2009). Why do people hurt themselves? New insights into the nature and functions of self-injury. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(2),78–83. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01613.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nock, M. K., & Prinstein, M. J. (2004). A functional approach to the assessment of self-mutilative behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(5), 885–890. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.72.5.885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nock, M. K., & Prinstein, M. J. (2005). Contextual features and behavioral functions of self-mutilation among adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(1), 140–146. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.114.1.140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nock, M. K., Teper, R., & Hollander, M. (2007). Psychological treatment of self-injury among adolescents. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(11), 1081–1089. doi:10.1002/jclp.20415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noller, P., & Bagi, S. (1985). Parent-adolescent communication. Journal of Adolescence, 8(2), 125–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oldershaw, A., Richards, C., Simic, M., & Schmidt, U. (2008). Parents' perspectives on adolescent self-harm: qualitative study. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 193(2),140–144. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.045930
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phares, V., Fields, S., & Kamboukos, D. (2009). Fathers' and mothers' involvement with their adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18(1), 1–9. doi:10.1007/s10826-008-9200-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabi, S., Sulochana, J., & Pawan, S. (2017). Self-inflicted cut injury as common method of deliberate self harm: A Retrospective study from Nepal. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 39(5), 579–583. doi:10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_438_16
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rees, N., Rapport, F., Thomas, G., John, A., & Snooks, H. (2014). Perceptions of paramedic and emergency care workers of those who self harm: A systematic review of the quantitative literature. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 77(6),449–456. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rissanen, M.-L., Kylmä, J., & Laukkanen, E. (2008). Descriptions of self-mutilation among Finnish adolescents: A qualitative inquiry. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 29(2), 145–163. doi:10.1080/01612840701792597
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rissanen, M.-L., Kylmä, J., & Laukkanen, E. (2009). Helping adolescents who self-mutilate: Parental descriptions. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(12), 1711–1721. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02672.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodham, K., Hawton, K., & Evans, E. (2004). Reasons for deliberate self-harm: Comparisons of self poisoners and self cutters in a community sample of adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(1), 80–87. doi:10.1097/00004583-200401000-00017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampaio, D., Oliveira, A., Vinagre, M. G., Gouveia-Pereira, M., Santos, N., & Ordaz, O. (2012). Representações sociais do suicídio em estudantes do ensino secundário. Análise Psicológica, 18(2), 139–155. doi:10.14417/ap.410
   Google Scholar
• Santos, J. (2007). Para-Suicídio: O que Dizem as Famílias. Coimbra: FORMASAU.
   Google Scholar
• Saraff, P. D., Trujillo, N., & Pepper, C. M. (2015). Functions, consequences, and frequency of non-suicidal self-injury. The Psychiatric Quarterly, 86(3), 385–393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tantan, D., & Huband, N. (2009). Understanding repeated Self-Injury: A multidisciplinary approach. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, L., & Walker, A. J. (1984). Mothers and daughters: Aid patterns and attachment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 46(2), 313–322. doi:10.2307/352463
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, K. M., Telzer, E. H., & Fuligni, A. J. (2013). Continuity and discontinuity in perceptions of family relationships from adolescence to young adulthood. Child Development, 84(2), 471–484. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01858.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valsiner, J. (2003). Beyond social representations: a theory of enablement. Papers on Social Representations, 12, 7.1–7.16.
   Google Scholar
• Wachelke, J. F. R., & Camargo, B. B. V. (2007). Representações sociais, representações individuais e comportamento. Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 41(3), 379–390.
   Google Scholar
• Washburn, J. J., Richardt, S. L., Styer, D. M., Gebhardt, M., Juzwin, K. R., Yourek, A., & Aldridge, D. (2012). Psychotherapeutic approaches to non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 6(1), 14. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-6-14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar