Gender-Based Violence and Suicide Among Gender-Diverse Populations in the United States

REFERENCES

• Adams, N. J., & Vincent, B. (2019). Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among transgender adults in relation to education, ethnicity, and income: A systematic review. Transgender Health, 4(1), 226–246. doi:10.1089/trgh.2019.0009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Atteberry-Ash, B., Walls, N. E., Kattari, S. K., Peitzmeier, S. M., Kattari, L., & Langenderfer-Magruder, L. (2020). Forced sex among youth: Accrual of risk by gender identity, sexual orientation, mental health and bullying. Journal of LGBT Youth, 17(2), 193–213. doi:10.1080/19361653.2019.1614131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baboolall, D., Greenberg, S., Obeid, M., & Zucker, J. (2021). Being transgender at work. The McKinsey Quarterly, 4.
   Google Scholar
• Baral, S. D., Poteat, T., Strömdahl, S., Wirtz, A. L., Guadamuz, T. E., & Beyrer, C. (2013). ). Worldwide burden of HIV in transgender women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet-Infectious Diseases, 13(3), 214–222. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70315-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becerra, M. B., Rodriquez, E. J., Avina, R. M., & Becerra, B. J. (2021). Experiences of violence and mental health outcomes among Asian American transgender adults in the United States. PLOS One, 16(3), e0247812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boukli, A., & Renz, F. (2019). Deconstructing the lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans victim of sex trafficking: Harm, exceptionality and religion–Sexuality tensions. International Review of Victimology, 25(1), 71–90. doi:10.1177/0269758018772670
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowleg, L. (2012). The problem with the phrase women and minorities: Intersectionality—an important theoretical framework for public health. American Journal of Public Health, 102(7), 1267–1273. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, L., Gilroy, P. J., & Ryan, J. (2002). Counseling transgendered, transsexual, and gender‐variant clients. Journal of Counseling & Development, 80(2), 131–139. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2002.tb00175.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, R., Zhu, X., Wright, L., Drescher, J., Gao, Y., Wu, L., … Broome, M. R. (2019). Suicidal ideation and attempted suicide amongst Chinese transgender persons: National population study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 1126–1134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clements-Nolle, K., Marx, R., & Katz, M. (2006). Attempted suicide among transgender persons: The influence of gender-based discrimination and victimization. Journal of Homosexuality, 51(3), 53–69. doi:10.1300/J082v51n03_04
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), 139–167.
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299. doi:10.2307/1229039
   Google Scholar
• Dzelme, K., & Jones, R. A. (2001). Male cross-dresser in therapy: A Solution-focused perspective for marriage and family therapist. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 29(4), 293–305. doi:10.1080/01926180126499
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinno, A. (2017). Homicide rates of transgender individuals in the United States: 2010–2014. American Journal of Public Health, 107(9), 1441–1447. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fehrenbacher, A. E., Musto, J., Hoefinger, H., Mai, N., Macioti, P. G., Giametta, C., & Bennachie, C. (2020). Transgender people and human trafficking: Intersectional exclusion of transgender migrants and people of color from anti-trafficking protection in the United States. Journal of Human Trafficking, 6(2), 182–194. doi:10.1080/23322705.2020.1690116
   Google Scholar
• Gallo, M. (2016). Treating transvestism: A counselor’s look at diagnosing and treatment of cross-dressers. The Family Journal, 24(2), 195–199. doi:10.1177/1066480716628596
   Google Scholar
• Grant, J. M., Mottett, L. A., Tanis, J., Harrison, J., Herman, J. L., & Keisling, M. (2011). Injustice at every turn: A report of the national trans discrimination survey (vol. 2011). Washington, DC: National Center for Trans Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
   Google Scholar
• Grossman, A. H., & D'Augelli, A. R. (2006). Transgender youth: Invisible and vulnerable. Journal of Homosexuality, 51(1), 111–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison-Quintana, J., Lettman-Hicks, S., & Grant, J. (2011). Injustice at every turn: A look at Black respondents in the national transgender discrimination survey, 1-228. National LGBTQ Task Force, https://transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/resources/ntds_black_respondents_2.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Herman, J. L., Brown, T. N., & Haas, A. P. (2019). Suicide thoughts and attempts among transgender adults: Findings from the 2015 US Transgender Survey. Los Angeles, California: UCLA School of Law Williams Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Campaign. (2020). An epidemic of violence fatal violence against transgender and gender non-confirming people in the United States in 2020. Human Rights Campaign, https://reports.hrc.org/
   Google Scholar
• James, S. E., Herman, J., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., & Anafi, M. (2015). 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey (USTS). Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor].
   Google Scholar
• James, S. E., Herman, J. L., Rankin, S., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., & Anafi, M. (2016). The report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, D. (2012). An intersectional analysis of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people’s evaluations of anti-queer violence. Gender & Society, 26(6), 849–873. doi:10.1177/0891243212461299
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, K. J., Ybarra, M. L., & Korchmaros, J. D. (2014). Sexual harassment among adolescents of different sexual orientations and gender identities. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(2), 280–295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran, L. J., & Sharpe, A. N. (2004). Violence, identity and policing: The Case of violence against transgender people. Criminal Justice, 4(4), 395–417. doi:10.1177/1466802504048656
   Google Scholar
• Perez-Brumer, A., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Oldenburg, C. E., & Bockting, W. (2015). Individual-and structural-level risk factors for suicide attempts among transgender adults. Behavioral Medicine, 41(3), 164–171. doi:10.1080/08964289.2015.1028322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Brumer, A., Day, J. K., Russell, S. T., & Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among transgender youth in California: Findings from a representative, population-based sample of high school students. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(9), 739–746. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.06.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince, V., & Bentler, P. M. (1972). Survey of 504 cases of transvestism. Psychological Reports, 31(3), 903–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer, J., & Barclay, A. (1989). Strategic therapy as a treatment approach in transvestism. Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 7(2), 97–102. doi:10.1300/J294v07n02_08
   Google Scholar
• Stotzer, R. L. (2008). Gender identity and hate crimes: Violence against transgender people in Los Angeles County. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 5(1), 43–52. doi:10.1525/srsp.2008.5.1.43
   Google Scholar
• Stotzer, R. L. (2009). Violence against transgender people: A review of United States data. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14(3), 170–179. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2009.01.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Testa, R. J., Sciacca, L. M., Wang, F., Hendricks, M. L., Goldblum, P., Bradford, J., & Bongar, B. (2012). Effects of violence on transgender people. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(5), 452–459. doi:10.1037/a0029604
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• University of Florida. (2017). LGBTQ terms and definitions. https://lgbtq.multicultural.ufl.edu/programs/speakersbureau/lgbtq-terms-definitions/.
   Google Scholar
• Van Schuylenbergh, J., T'Sjoen, G., & Motmans, J. (2018). Estimating trans persons’ involvement in sex work in Europe. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(7), S196–S197. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.04.159
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virupaksha, H. G., Muralidhar, D., & Ramakrishna, J. (2016). Suicide and suicidal behavior among transgender persons. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 38(6), 505–509.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waters, E., Pham, L., Convery, C., & Yacka-Bible, S. (2018). A crisis of hate: A report on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer hate violence homicides in 2017. National Coalition of anti-Violence Programs. https://transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/resources/NTDS_Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wesp, L. M., Malcoe, L. H., Elliott, A., & Poteat, T. (2019). Intersectionality research for transgender health justice: A theory-driven conceptual framework for structural analysis of transgender health inequities. Transgender Health, 4(1), 287–296. doi:10.1089/trgh.2019.0039
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wirtz, A. L., Poteat, T. C., Malik, M., & Glass, N. (2020). Gender-based violence against transgender people in the United States: A call for research and programming. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 21(2), 227–241. doi:10.1177/1524838018757749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018. Global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence against women. Geneva. World Health Organization. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
   Google Scholar
• Wysocki, D. K. (1993). Construction of masculinity: A look into the lives of heterosexual male Transvestites. Feminism & Psychology, 3(3), 374–380. doi:10.1177/0959353593033010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yockey, A., King, K., & Vidourek, R. (2020). Past-year suicidal ideation among transgender individuals in the United States. Archives of Suicide Research, 26(1), 70–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar