REFERENCES

  • Ballester, L., Alayo, I., Vilagut, G., Almenara, J., Cebrià, A. I., Echeburúa, E., … Nock, M. K. (2019). Accuracy of online survey assessment of mental disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in Spanish university students. Results of the WHO World Mental Health-International College Student initiative. PloS One, 14(9), e0221529. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0221529
  • Benjet, C., Gutiérrez-García, R. A., Abrego-Ramírez, A., Borges, G., Covarrubias-Díaz, A., Durán, M. D. S., … Mortier, P. (2019). Psychopathology and self-harm among incoming first-year students in six Mexican universities. Salud publica de Mexico, 61(1), 16–26. doi:10.21149/9158
  • Bieler, G., Brown, G., Williams, R., & Brogan, D. (2010). Estimating model-adjusted risks, risk differences, and risk ratios from complex survey data. American Journal of Epidemiology, 171(5), 618–623. doi:10.1093/aje/kwp440
  • Borges, G., Nock, M., Medina-Mora, M., Benjet, C., Lara, C., Chiu, W., & Kessler, R. (2007). The epidemiology of suicide-related outcomes in Mexico. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 37(6), 627–640. doi:10.1521/suli.2007.37.6.627
  • Borges, G., Orozco, R., Benjet, C., & Medina-Mora, M. E. (2010). Suicidio y conductas suicidas en México: retrospectiva y situación actual. Salud publica de Mexico, 52(4), 292–304. http://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=25940
  • Carr, M. J., Steeg, S., Webb, R. T., Kapur, N., Chew-Graham, C., Abel, K., … Ashcroft, D. (2020). Primary care contact for mental illness and self-harm before, during and after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: Cohort study of 13 million individuals. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1-25. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3706269
  • Cuijpers, P., Auerbach, R. P., Benjet, C., Bruffaerts, R., Ebert, D., Karyotaki, E., & Kessler, R. C. (2019). The World Health Organization world mental health international college student initiative: An overview. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 28(2), e1761. doi:10.1002/mpr.1761
  • Cummings, P. (2009). Methods for estimating adjusted risk ratios. Stata J, 9(2), 175–196. doi:10.1177/1536867X0900900201
  • Dubé, J., Smith, M., Sherry, S., Hewitt, P., & Stewart, S. (2021). Suicide behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis of 54 studies. Psychiatry Research, 301, 113998–113998. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113998
  • Else, H. (2020). How a torrent of COVID science changed research publishing - in seven charts. Nature, 588(7839), 553. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-03564-y
  • Ford, T., John, A., & Gunnell, D. (2021). Mental health of children and young people during pandemic. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.), 372(n765), n614. doi:10.1136/bmj.n614
  • Fortgang, R. G., Wang, S. B., Millner, A. J., Reid-Russell, A., Beukenhorst, A. L., Kleiman, E. M., … Nock, M. K. (2021). Increase in suicidal thinking during COVID-19. Clinical Psychological Science, 9, 482–488. doi:10.1177/2167702621993857
  • Graubard, B. I., & Korn, E. L. (1999). Predictive margins with survey data. Biometrics, 55(2), 652–659. doi:10.1111/j.0006-341X.1999.00652.x
  • Gunnell, D., Appleby, L., Arensman, E., Hawton, K., John, A., Kapur, N., … Yip, P. S. (2020). Suicide risk and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 7(6), 468–471. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30171-1
  • Hawton, K., Casey, D., Bale, E., Brand, F., Ness, J., Waters, K., … Geulayov, G. (2021). Self-harm during the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic in England: Comparative trend analysis of hospital presentations. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 991–995. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.015
  • Holland, K., Jones, C., Vivolo-Kantor, A., Idaikkadar, N., Zwald, M., Hoots, B., … Houry, D. (2021). Trends in US emergency department visits for mental health, overdose, and violence outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Psychiatry, 78, 372–379. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4402
  • John, A., Eyles, E., McGuinness, L., Okolie, C., Olorisade, B., Schmidt, L., … Higgins, J. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: Protocol for a living systematic review. F1000Research, 9, 1097. doi:10.12688/f1000research.24274.1
  • Jollant, F., Roussot, A., Corruble, E., Chauvet-Gelinier, J. C., Falissard, B., Mikaeloff, Y., & Quantin, C. (2021). Hospitalization for self-harm during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in France: A nationwide retrospective observational cohort study. The Lancet Regional Health. Europe, 6, 100102. doi:10.1016/J.LANEPE.2021.100102
  • Kasal, A., Kuklová, M., Kågström, A., Winkler, P., & Formánek, T. (2022). Suicide risk in individuals with and without mental disorders before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of three nationwide cross-sectional surveys in Czechia. Archives of Suicide Research, 1–15. doi:10.1080/13811118.2022.2051653
  • Kessler, R., & Üstün, T. (2004). The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey initiative version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 13(2), 93–121.
  • Kessler, R., Borges, G., & Walters, E. (1999). Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56(7), 617–626. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.7.617
  • Kessler, R., Santiago, P. N., Colpe, L. J., Dempsey, C. L., First, M. B., Heeringa, S. G., … Ursano, R. J. (2013). Clinical reappraisal of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Screening Scales (CIDI-SC) in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 22(4), 303–321. doi:10.1002/mpr.1398
  • Knowles, J. R. P., Gray, N. S., O’Connor, C., Pink, J., Simkiss, N. J., & Snowden, R. J. (2021). The role of hope and resilience in protecting against suicidal thoughts and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Archives of Suicide Research, 26, 1487–1504. doi:10.1080/13811118.2021.1923599
  • Knudsen, A. K. S., Stene-Larsen, K., Gustavson, K., Hotopf, M., Kessler, R. C., Krokstad, S., … Reneflot, A. (2021). Prevalence of mental disorders, suicidal ideation and suicides in the general population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway: A population-based repeated cross-sectional analysis. The Lancet Regional Health. Europe, 4, 100071. doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100071
  • Kolenikov, S. (2014). Calibrating survey data using iterative proportional fitting (raking). The Stata Journal: Promoting Communications on Statistics and Stata, 14(1), 22–59. doi:10.1177/1536867X1401400104
  • Liu, L., Capaldi, C. A., & Dopko, R. L. (2021). Suicide ideation in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada : Research, Policy and Practice, 41(11), 378–391. doi:10.24095/HPCDP.41.11.06
  • Medina-Mora, M. E., Borges, G., Benjet, C., Lara, C., & Berglund, P. (2007). Psychiatric disorders in Mexico: Lifetime prevalence in a nationally representative sample. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 190, 521–528. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.025841
  • Mortier, P., Auerbach, R. P., Alonso, J., Bantjes, J., Benjet, C., Cuijpers, P., … Kessler, R. C. (2018). Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among first-year college students: Results from the WMH-ICS project. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 57(4), 263–273.e1.
  • Niederkrotenthaler, T., Gunnell, D., Arensman, E., Pirkis, J., Appleby, L., Hawton, K., … Platt, S. (2020). Suicide research, prevention, and COVID-19. Crisis, 41(5), 321–330. doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000731
  • Nock, M., Borges, G., Bromet, E., Cha, C. B., Kessler, R., & Lee, S. (2008). Suicide and suicidal behavior. Epidemiologic Reviews, 30(1), 133–154. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxn002
  • O’Connor, R. C., Wetherall, K., Cleare, S., McClelland, H., Melson, A. J., Niedzwiedz, C. L., … Robb, K. A. (2021). Mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal analyses of adults in the UK COVID-19 Mental Health & Wellbeing study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 218(6), 326–333. doi:10.1192/bjp.2020.212
  • Pan, K., Kok, A., Eikelenboom, M., Horsfall, M., Jörg, F., Luteijn, R., … Penninx, B. (2021). The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with and without depressive, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorders: A longitudinal study of three Dutch case-control cohorts. The Lancet Psychiatry, 8(2), 121–129. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30491-0
  • Paul, E., & Fancourt, D. (2022). Factors influencing self-harm thoughts and self-harm behaviours over the first 45 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: A longitudinal analysis of 48,446 adults. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 220(1), 31-37. doi:10.1192/bjp.2021.130
  • Pirkis, J., John, A., Shin, S., Delpozo-Banos, M., Arya, V., Aguilar, P. A., … Spittal, M. J. (2021). Suicide trends in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: Interrupted time series analysis of preliminary data from 21 countries. Lancet Psychiatry, 8(7), 579-588. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00091-2
  • Ritchie, H., Ortiz-Ospina, E., Beltekian, D., Mathieu, E., Hasell, J., Macdonald, B., … Roser, M. (2021). Coronavirus (COVID-19) deaths - statistics and research - our world in data. https://ourworldindata.org/covid-deaths?country=IND∼USA∼GBR∼CAN∼DEU∼FRA.
  • Sinyor, M., Knipe, D., Borges, G., Ueda, M., Pirkis, J., & Gunnell, D. (2022). Suicide risk and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic: One year on. Archives of Suicide Research, 26(4), 1944–1949. doi:10.1080/13811118.2021.1955784
  • StataCorp LLC. (2019). Stata statistical software. Release 16. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC.
  • Su, Y. J., Yu, H. T., Liu, T. Y., Lu, K. H., Tu, C. C., Lin, Y. C., & Chen, R. C. (2022). Trends in suicide attempts and suicide deaths before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Taipei City, Taiwan: An interrupted time-series analysis. Pychological Medicine, 28, 1–9. doi:10.1017/S0033291722001155
  • The Lancet Psychiatry Editorial. (2021). COVID-19 and mental health. The Lancet Psychiatry, 8(2), 87. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00005-5
  • Travis-Lumer, Y., Kodesh, A., Goldberg, Y., Frangou, S., & Levine, S. Z. (2021). Attempted suicide rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Interrupted time series analysis of a nationally representative sample. Psychological Medicine, 1–7. doi:10.1017/S0033291721004384
  • Wetherall, K., Cleare, S., McClelland, H., Melson, A. J., Niedzwiedz, C. L., O’Carroll, R. E., … O'Connor, R. C. (2022). Mental health and well-being during the second wave of COVID-19: Longitudinal analyses of the UK COVID-19 Mental Health and Wellbeing study (UK COVID-MH). BJPsych Open, 8(4), e103. doi:10.1192/BJO.2022.58
  • Winkler, P., Formanek, T., Mlada, K., Kagstrom, A., Mohrova, Z., Mohr, P., & Csemy, L. (2020). Increase in prevalence of current mental disorders in the context of COVID-19: Analysis of repeated nationwide cross-sectional surveys. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29, e173. doi:10.1017/S2045796020000888
  • Wolter, K. (1985). Introduction to variance estimation. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Worldometer. (2021). COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC: Reported cases and deaths by country or territory. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries.
  • Zhu, S., Zhuang, Y., Lee, P., & Wong, P. (2021). The changes of suicidal ideation status among young people in Hong Kong during COVID-19: A longitudinal survey. Journal of Affective Disorders, 294, 151–158. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.042

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.