AChE mRNA expression as a possible novel biomarker for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and Alzheimer’s disease, and its association with oxidative stress

References

• Aksenov, M.Y., et al., 2001. Protein oxidation in the brain in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience, 103(2), 373–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aksenov, M.Y. and Markesbery, W.R., 2001. Changes in thiol content and expression of glutathione redox system genes in the hippocampus and cerebellum in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience letters, 302(2–3), 141–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez, A., et al., 1998. Stable complexes involving acetylcholinesterase and amyloid-β peptide change the biochemical properties of the enzyme and increase the neurotoxicity of Alzheimer’s fibrils. The journal of neuroscience, 18(9), 3213–3223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez, A., et al., 1997. Acetylcholinesterase promotes the aggregation of amyloid-β-peptide fragments by forming a complex with the growing fibrils. Journal of molecular biology, 272(3), 348–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aslan, H.E., et al., 2019. The behavior of some chalcones on acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase activity. Drug and chemical toxicology, 42(6), 634–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berson, A., et al., 2007. Changes in readthrough acetylcholinesterase expression modulate amyloid-beta pathology. Brain, 131(1), 109–119.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Caglayan, C., et al., 2019. The effects of hesperidin on sodium arsenite‐induced different organ toxicity in rats on metabolic enzymes as antidiabetic and anticholinergics potentials: a biochemical approach. Journal of food biochemistry, 43(2), e12720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campanari, M.L., et al., 2014. Acetylcholinesterase protein level is preserved in the Alzheimer’s brain. Journal of molecular neuroscience, 53(3), 446–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, P., et al., 1993. Hemoglobin inhibits endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine in human coronary arteries in vivo. Circulation, 87(1), 80–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, P., et al., 1995. Estradiol-17β attenuates acetylcholine-induced coronary arterial constriction in women but not men with coronary heart disease: S-5. Menopause, 2(4), 246.
   Google Scholar
• Dahle, L.K., Hill, E.G., and Holman, R.T., 1962. The thiobarbituric acid reaction and the autoxidations of polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 98(2), 253–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demir, Y., 2019. The behaviour of some antihypertension drugs on human serum paraoxonase‐1: an important protector enzyme against atherosclerosis. Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 71(10), 1576–1583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demir, Y., Balcı, N., and Gürbüz, M., 2019. Differential effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on paraoxonase-1 enzyme activity: an in vitro study. Comparative biochemistry and physiology part C: toxicology & pharmacology, 226, 108608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demir, Y., et al., 2017. Phenolic compounds inhibit the aldose reductase enzyme from the sheep kidney. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology, 31(9), e21936.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demir, Y. and Köksal, Z., 2019. The inhibition effects of some sulfonamides on human serum paraoxonase-1 (hPON1). Pharmacological reports: Pr, 71(3), 545–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellman, G.L., et al., 1961. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical pharmacology, 7(2), 88–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forgione, M.A., et al., 2002. Cellular glutathione peroxidase deficiency and endothelial dysfunction. American journal of physiology-heart and circulatory physiology, 282(4), 1255–1261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, K.N., 2006. Glucocorticoids increase amyloid-beta and tau pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of neuroscience, 26(35), 9047–9056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gülçin, I., 2012. Antioxidant activity of food constituents: an overview. Archives of toxicology 86(3), 345–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gür, B., et al., 2016. High enzymatic activity preservation of malate dehydrogenase immobilized in a Langmuir–Blodgett film and its electrochemical biosensor application for malic acid detection. RSC advances, 6(83), 79792–79797.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hensley, K., et al., 2002. Brain regional correspondence between Alzheimer’s disease histopathology and biomarkers of protein oxidation. Journal of neurochemistry, 65(5), 2146–2156.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, R.M. and Garewal, H.S., 1995. Antioxidants and the prevention of coronary heart disease. Archives of internal medicine, 155(3), 241–246.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Inestrosa, N.C., et al., 1996. Acetylcholinesterase accelerates assembly of amyloid-β-peptides into Alzheimer’s fibrils: possible role of the peripheral site of the enzyme. Neuron, 16(4), 881–891.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Işık, M., 2019. The binding mechanisms and inhibitory effect of intravenous anesthetics on AChE in vitro and in vivo: kinetic analysis and molecular docking. Neurochemical research, 44(9), 2147–2155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Işık, M., et al., 2017. Oxidative stress and mRNA expression of acetylcholinesterase in the leukocytes of ischemic patients. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy, 87, 561–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Işık, M., et al., 2015a. Changes in the anti-oxidant system in adult epilepsy patients receiving anti-epileptic drugs. Archives of physiology and biochemistry, 121(3), 97–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Işık, M., et al., 2015b. Determination of antioxidant properties of Gypsophila bitlisensis bark. International journal of pharmacology, 11, 366–371.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadota, K., et al., 1991. Decreased sulfhydryl groups of serum albumin in coronary artery disease. Japanese circulation journal, 55(10), 937–941.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kalousová, M., Skrha, J., and Zima, T., 2002. Advanced glycation end-products and advanced oxidation protein products in patients with diabetes mellitus. Physiological research, 51(6), 597–604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellogg, D.L., et al., 2005. Acetylcholine-induced vasodilation is mediated by nitric oxide and prostaglandins in human skin. Journal of applied physiology, 98(2), 629–632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kocaelli, H., et al., 2002. Alzheimer’s disease and dental management. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology and endodontics, 93(5), 521–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, R.L., et al., 1994. Carbonyl assays for determination of oxidatively modified proteins. Methods in enzymology, 233, 346–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovell, M.A. and Markesbery, W.R., 2008. Oxidatively modified RNA in mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiology of disease, 29(2), 169–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubrano, V., 2015. Enzymatic antioxidant system in vascular inflammation and coronary artery disease. World journal of experimental medicine, 5(4), 218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mapstone, M., et al., 2014. Plasma phospholipids identify antecedent memory impairment in older adults. Nature medicine, 20(4), 415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masugi, F., et al., 1989. High plasma levels of cortisol in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 11(11), 707–710.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meshorer, E. and Soreq, H., 2006. Virtues and woes of AChE alternative splicing in stress-related neuropathologies. Trends in neurosciences, 29(4), 216–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milatovic, D., et al., 2009. Oxidative damage and neurodegeneration in manganese-induced neurotoxicity. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 240(2), 219–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molochkina, E.M., et al., 2005. H2O2 modifies membrane structure and activity of acetylcholinesterase, in. Chemico-biological interactions, 157, 401–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison, J.A., et al., 1999. Serum glutathione in adolescent males predicts parental coronary heart disease. Circulation, 100(22), 2244–2247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordberg, J. and Arnér, E.S.J., 2001. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system. Free Radical biology and medicine, 31(11), 1287–1312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oropesa, A.L., García-Cambero, J.P., and Soler, F., 2009. Glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in common carp after exposure to simazine. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 27(1), 30–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padurariu, M., et al., 2010. Changes of some oxidative stress markers in the serum of patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience letters, 469(1), 6–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parihar, M.S. and Hemnani, T., 2004. Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. Journal of clinical neuroscience, 11(5), 456–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perl, O., et al., 2006. Low levels of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA on peripheral blood lymphocytes in schizophrenia and its association with illness severity. Neuropsychobiology, 53(2), 88–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, G., Cash, A.D., and Smith, M.A., 2002b. Alzheimer disease and oxidative stress. Journal of biomedicine and biotechnology, 2(3), 120–123.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perry, C., et al., 2002. Complex regulation of acetylcholinesterase gene expression in human brain tumors. Oncogene, 21(55), 8428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rees, T., et al., 2005. Memory deficits correlating with acetylcholinesterase splice shift and amyloid burden in doubly transgenic mice. Current Alzheimer research, 2(3), 291–300.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reyes, A.E., et al., 2004. Acetylcholinesterase-Aβ complexes are more toxic than Aβ fibrils in rat hippocampus: effect on rat β-amyloid aggregation, laminin expression, reactive astrocytosis, and neuronal cell loss. The American journal of pathology, 164(6), 2163–2174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubanyi, G.M., 1991. Endothelium‐derived relaxing and contracting factors. Journal of cellular biochemistry, 46(1), 27–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedlak, J. and Lindsay, R.H., 1968. Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman’s reagent. Analytical biochemistry, 25, 192–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serdar, Z., et al., 2006. Lipid and protein oxidation and antioxidant status in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. Clinical biochemistry, 39(8), 794–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shan, X., Lin, C., and Liang, G., 2006. Quantification of oxidized RNAs in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiology of aging, 27(5), 657–662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sies, H., 1991. Oxidative stress: from basic research to clinical application. The American journal of medicine, 91(3), S31–S38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, M.A., et al., 2002. Amyloid-β deposition in Alzheimer transgenic mice is associated with oxidative stress. Journal of neurochemistry, 70(5), 2212–2215.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M.A., et al., 2006. Advanced Maillard reaction end products, free radicals, and protein oxidation in Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of the New York academy of sciences, 738(1), 447–454.
   Google Scholar
• Sultana, R. and Butterfield, D.A., 2010. Role of oxidative stress in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s disease, 19(1), 341–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surekha, R.H., et al., 2007. Oxidative stress and total antioxidant status in myocardial infarction. Singapore medical journal, 48(2), 137.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tamer, L., et al., 2002. Decreased serum total antioxidant status and erythrocyte-reduced glutathione levels are associated with increased serum malondialdehyde in atherosclerotic patients. Archives of medical research, 33(3), 257–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, M.X., et al., 1998. The APOE-ε4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer disease among African Americans, whites, and Hispanics. JAMA, 279(10), 751–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taslimi, P., et al., 2019. The antidiabetic and anticholinergic effects of chrysin on cyclophosphamide-induced multiple organ toxicity in rats: pharmacological evaluation of some metabolic enzyme activities. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology, e22313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkan, F., et al., 2018. Some pyrazoles derivatives: potent carbonic anhydrase, α-glycosidase, and cholinesterase enzymes inhibitors. Archiv der Pharmazie, 351(10), 1800200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkan, K., et al., 2014. DNA damage protecting activity and in vitro antioxidant potential of the methanol extract of Cherry (Prunus avium L). Journal of medicinal plants research, 8(19), 715–726.
   Google Scholar
• Türkeş, C., et al., 2019. Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico studies of novel N-substituted phthalazine sulfonamide compounds as potent carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorganic chemistry, 89, 103004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanagisawa, M., et al., 1988. A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature, 332(6163), 411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, L., He, H.Y., and Zhang, X.J., 2002. Increased expression of intranuclear AChE involved in apoptosis of SK-N-SH cells. Neuroscience research, 42(4), 261–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L.J., et al., 2010. Cholinesterase activity and mRNA level of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α4 and β2 subunits) in blood of elderly Chinese diagnosed as Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s disease, 19(3), 849–858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar