Reasons why self-referring patients attend the emergency department during daytime differ among socioeconomic groups: A survey from Flanders

References

• Van den Heede K, Dubois K, Devriese S, et al. Organisation and payment of emergency care services in Belgium: current situation and options for reform. Brussels: Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Hurst JW. Reforming health care in seven European nations. Health Aff (Millwood). 1991;10:7–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerkens S, Merkur S. Belgium health system review. Health Syst Transit. 2010;12:1–266.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van den Berg M, van Loenen T, Westert GP. Accessible and continuous primary care may help reduce rates of emergency department use. An international survey in 34 countries. FAMPRJ. 2016;33:42–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afilalo J, Marinovich A, Afilalo M, et al. Nonurgent emergency department patient characteristics and barriers to primary care. Acad Emerg Med. 2004;11:1302–1310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backman AS, Blomqvist P, Lagerlund M, et al. Characteristics of non-urgent patients: cross-sectional study of emergency department and primary care patients. Scand J Prim Health. 2008;26:181–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Detollenaere J, Verlinde E, Willems S, et al. Which socio-economic factors influence patients' choice to opt for the ED or the GPC during out-of-hours: an explorative study in Flanders. Health. 2014;6:6:1361–1367.
   Google Scholar
• Lega F, Mengoni A. Why non-urgent patients choose emergency over primary care services? Empirical evidence and managerial implications. Health Policy. 2008;88:326–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pines JM, Buford K. Predictors of frequent emergency department utilization in Southeastern Pennsylvania. J Asthma. 2006;43:219–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selasawati HG, Naing L, Wan Aasim WA, et al. Factors associated with inappropriate utilisation of emergency department services. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2007;19:29–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kangovi S, Barg FK, Carter T, et al. Understanding why patients of low socioeconomic status prefer hospitals over ambulatory care. Health Affair. 2013;32:1196–1203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraaijvanger N, Rijpsma D, van Leeuwen H, et al. Self-referrals in the emergency department: reasons why patients attend the emergency department without consulting a general practitioner first—a questionnaire study. Int J Emerg Med. 2015;8:46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atenstaedt R, Gregory J, Price-Jones C, et al. Why do patients with nonurgent conditions present to the emergency department despite the availability of alternative services?. Eur J Emerg Med. 2015;22:370–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doran KM, Colucci AC, Wall SP, et al. Reasons for emergency department use: do frequent users differ? Am J Manag C. 2014;1:506–514.
   Google Scholar
• Guttman N, Zimmerman DR, Nelson MS. The many faces of access: reasons of medically nonurgent emergency department visits. J Health Politics, Policy Law. 2003;28:1089–1120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraaijvanger N, Rijpsma D, Willink L, et al. Why patients self-refer to the emergency department: a qualitative interview study. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017; 23:593–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowthian JA, Smith C, Stoelwinder JU, et al. Why older patients of lower clinical urgency choose to attend the emergency department. Intern Med J. 2013;43:59–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Northington WE, Brice JH, Zou B. Use of an emergency department by nonurgent patients. Am J Emerg Med. 2005;23:131–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penson R, Coleman P, Mason S, et al. Why do patients with minor moderate conditions that could be managed in other settings attend the emergency department? Emerg Med J. 2012;29:487–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragin DF, Hwang U, Cydulka RK. Emergency medicine patients' access to healthcare (EMPATH) study investigators. Reasons for using the emergency department: results of the EMPATH study. Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12:1158–1166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmiedhofer M, Möckel M, Slagman A, et al. Patient motives behind low-acuity visits to the emergency department in Germany: a qualitative study comparing urban and rural sites. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e013323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Charante EPM, ter Riet G, Bindels P. Self-referral to the A&E department during out-of-hours: patients’ motives and characterstics. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;70:256–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Heallth at Glance: Europe 2016 - state of health in the EU cycle. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Andersen R. Revisiting the behavioural model and access to medical care: does it matter? J Health Social Behav. 1995;36:1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen R, Newman J. Societal and indivial determinants of medical care utilisation in the United States. Milbank Q. 1973;51:95–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal S, Banerjee J, Baker R, et al. Potentially avoidable emergency department attendance: interview study of patients' reasons for attendance. Emerg Med J. 2012;29:e3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman P, Irons R, Nicholl J. Will alternative immediate care services reduce demands for non-urgent treatment at accident and emergency? Emerg Med J. 2001;18:482–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker R, Ratzan SC. Health literacy: a second decade of distinction for Americans. J Health Commun. 2010;15:20–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Expert Panel on effective ways of investing in Health. Access to health services in the European Union. Brussels: European Commission; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Gaakeer MI, van den Brand CL, Gips E, et al. National developments in emergency departments in the Netherlands: numbers and origins of patients in the period from 2012 to 2015. Neth J Med. 2016;160:D970.
   Google Scholar