Why concerns about vitamin D deficiency should not lead to over testing and overtreatment

References

• Bilinski K , Boyages S. The rise and rise of vitamin D testing. Br Med J. 2012;345:1–2.
   Google Scholar
• Göktas O , Ersoy C , Ercan İ , et al. Vitamin D status in the adult population of Bursa Turkey. Eur J Gen Pract. 2020;26:156–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid IR. Vitamin D Effect on bone mineral density and fractures. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2017;46(4):935–945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peacock M. Effects of calcium and vitamin D insufficiency on the skeleton. Osteoporos Int. 1998;8(S2):S45–S51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Poole CD , Smith J , Davies JS. Cost-effectiveness and budget impact of Empirical Vitamin D therapy on unintentional falls in older adults in the UK. BMJ Open. 2015;5(9):e007910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhaliwal R , Aloia JF. Effect of vitamin D on falls and physical performance. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2017;46(4):919–933.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holick MF. Vitamin D status: measurement, interpretation, and clinical application. Ann Epidemiol. 2009;19(2):73–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid IR , Bolland MJ. Skeletal and nonskeletal effects of vitamin D: is vitamin D a tonic for bone and other tissues? Osteoporos Int. 2014;25(10):2347–2357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Preventive Service Task Force. Recommendation screening for vitamin D deficiency in adults: U.S. Preventive. 2015;(November 2014):2014–5. [cited 2020 Nov 2]. Available from: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Autier P , Mullie P , Macacu A , et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on nonskeletal disorders: a systematic review of meta-analyses and randomised trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(12):986–1004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrilli CM , Henderson J , Keedy JM , et al. Reducing unnecessary vitamin D screening in an academic health system: what works and when. Am J Med. 2018;131(12):1444–1448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sempos CT , Heijboer AC , Bikle DD , et al. Vitamin D assays and the definition of hypovitaminosis D: results from the first international conference on controversies in vitamin D. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84(10):2194–2207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross AC , Manson JAE , Abrams SA , et al. The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(1):53–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holick MF , Binkley NC , Bischoff-Ferrari HA , et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(7):1911–1930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeFevre ML , LeFevre NM. Vitamin D screening and supplementation in community-dwelling adults: common questions and answers. Am Fam Physician. 2018;97(4):254–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar