Implementation intentions and prospective memory among older adults: An investigation of the role of frontal lobe function

REFERENCES

• Aarts , H. , Dijksterhuis , A. and Midden , C. 1999 . To plan or not to plan? Goal achievement or interrupting the performance of mundane behaviors . European Journal of Social Psychology , 29 : 971 – 979 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , N. D. , Craik , F. I. M. and Naveh-Benjamin , M. 1998 . The attentional demands of encoding and retrieval in younger and older adults: I. Evidence from divided attention costs . Psychology and Aging , 13 : 405 – 423 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisiacchi , P. S. 1996 . “ The neuropsychological approach in the study of prospective memory ” . In Prospective memory: Theory and applications , Edited by: Brandimonte , M. , Einstein , G. O. and McDaniel , M. A. 297 – 318 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Burgess , P. W. , Dumontheil , I. , Gilbert , S. J. , Okuda , J. , Schölvinck and Simons , J. S. 2008 . “ On the role of rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10) in prospective memory ” . In Prospective memory , Edited by: Kliegel , M. , McDaniel , M. A. and Einstein , G. O. 235 – 260 . New York, NY : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Chasteen , A. L. , Park , D. C. and Schwarz , N. 2001 . Implementation intentions and facilitation of prospective memory . Psychological Science , 12 : 457 – 461 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , A.-L. and Gollwitzer , P. M. 2008 . “ The cost of remembering to remember: Cognitive load and implementation intentions influence ongoing task performance ” . In Prospective memory: Cognitive, neuroscience, developmental, and applied perspectives , Edited by: Kliegel , M. , McDaniel , M. A. and Einstein , G. O. 367 – 390 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Craik , F. I. M. 1986 . “ A functional account of age differences in memory ” . In Human memory and cognitive capabilities: Mechanisms and performances , Edited by: Klix , F. and Hagendorf , H. 409 – 422 . Amsterdam, , The Netherlands : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V .
   Google Scholar
• Craik , F. I. M. 2005 . “ Remembering items and their contexts: Effects of ageing and divided attention ” . In Handbook of binding and memory: Perspectives from cognitive neuroscience , Edited by: Zimmer , H. D. , Mecklinger , A. and Lindenberger , U. 571 – 594 . New York, NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Craik , F. I. M. and McDowd , J. M. 1987 . Age differences in recall and recognition . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 13 : 474 – 479 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craik , F. I. M. , Luo , L. and Sakuta , Y. 2010 . Effects of aging and divided attention on memory for items and their contexts . Psychology and Aging , 25 ( 4 ) : 968 – 979 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delis , D. C. , Kramer , J. , Kaplan , E. and Ober , B. A. 1987 . The California Verbal Learning Test , San Antonio, TX : The Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Einstein , G. O. and McDaniel , M. A. 2005 . Prospective memory: Multiple retrieval processes . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 14 ( 6 ) : 286 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , J. A. and Freeman , J. E. 2008 . “ Ten years on: Realizing delayed intentions ” . In Prospective memory: Cognitive, neuroscience, developmental, and applied perspectives , Edited by: Kliegel , M. , McDaniel , M. A. and Einstein , G. O. 1 – 27 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Folstein , M. F. , Folstein , S. F. and McHugh , P. R. 1975 . Mini-Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 12 : 189 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster , K. I. and Forster , J. C. 2003 . DMDX: A Windows display program with millisecond accuracy . Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers , 35 : 116 – 124 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fuster , J. M. 1997 . The prefrontal cortex: Anatomy, physiology, and neuropsychology of the frontal lobe , Philadelphia, PA : Lippincott-Raven .
   Google Scholar
• Glisky , E. L. and Kong , L. L. 2008 . Do young and older adults rely on different processes in source memory tasks? A neuropsychological study . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 34 : 809 – 822 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glisky , E. L. , Polster , M. R. and Routhieaux , B. C. 1995 . Double dissociation between item and source memory . Neuropsychology , 9 : 229 – 235 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glisky , E. L. , Rubin , S., R. and Davidson , P. S. R. 2001 . Source memory in older adults: An encoding or retrieval problem? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 27 : 1131 – 1146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gollwitzer , P. M. 1993 . “ Goal achievement: The role of intentions ” . In European review of social psychology , Edited by: Stroebe , W. and Hewstone , M. Vol. 4 , 141 – 185 . Chichester, , UK : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Gollwitzer , P. M. 1996 . “ The volitional benefits of planning ” . In The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior , Edited by: Gollwitzer , P. M. and Bargh , J. A. 287 – 312 . New York, NY : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gollwitzer , P. M. 1999 . Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans . American Psychologist , 54 : 493 – 503 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gollwitzer , P. M. and Branstätter , V. 1997 . Implementation intentions and effective goal pursuit . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 73 : 186 – 199 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart , R. P. , Kwentus , J. A. , Wade , J. B. and Taylor , J. R. 1988 . Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in elderly normal, depressed and demented patients . Clinical Neuropsychologist , 2 : 49 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Haug , H. and Eggers , R. 1991 . Morphology of the human cortex cerebri and corpus striatum during aging . Neurobiology of Aging , 12 : 336 – 338 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janowsky , J. S. , Shimamura , A. P. and Squire , L. R. 1989 . Source memory impairment in patients with frontal lobe lesions . Neuropsychologia , 27 : 1043 – 1056 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kardiasmenos , K. S. , Clawson , D. M. , Wilken , J. A. and Wallin , M. T. 2008 . Prospective memory and the efficacy of a memory strategy in multiple sclerosis . Neuropsychology , 22 : 746 – 754 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kliegel , M. , McDaniel , M. A. and Einstein , G. O. 2000 . Plan formation, retention, andexecution in prospective memory: A new approach and age-related deficits . Memory and Cognition , 28 : 1041 – 1049 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kliegel , M. , Martin , M. , McDaniel , M. A. and Einstein , G. O. 2001 . Varying the importance of a prospective memory task: Differential effects across time- and event-based prospective memory . Memory , 9 : 1 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kliegel , M. , Martin , M. , McDaniel , M. A. and Einstein , G. O. 2004 . Importance effects on performance in event-based prospective memory tasks . Memory , 12 : 553 – 561 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kliegel , M. , Jäger , T. , Altgassen , M. and Shum , D. 2008a . “ Clinical neuropsychology of prospective memory ” . In Prospective memory , Edited by: Kliegel , M. , McDaniel , M. A. and Einstein , G. O. 283 – 308 . New York, NY : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Kliegel , M. , Mackinlay , R. and Jäger , T. 2008b . Complex prospective memory: Development across the lifespan and the role of task interruption . Developmental Psychology , 44 ( 2 ) : 612 – 617 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , L. L. and Park , D. C. 2004 . Aging and medical adherence: The use of automatic processes to achieve effortful things . Psychology and Aging , 19 : 318 – 325 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mäntylä , T. 1996 . “ Activating actions and interrupting intentions: Mechanisms of retrieval sensitization in prospective memory ” . In Prospective memory: Theory and applications , Edited by: Brandimonte , M. , Einstein , G. O. and McDaniel , M. A. 93 – 113 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• McDaniel , M. A. and Scullin , M. K. 2010 . Implementation intention encoding does not automatize prospective memory responding . Memory & Cognition , 38 ( 2 ) : 221 – 232 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDaniel , M. A. , Glisky , E. L. , Rubin , S. R. , Guynn , M. J. and Routhieaux , B. C. 1999 . Prospective memory: A neuropsychological study . Neuropsychology , 13 : 103 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDaniel , M. A. , Howard , D. C. and Butler , K. M. 2008 . Implementation intentions facilitate prospective memory under high attention demands . Memory and Cognition , 35 : 716 – 724 .
   Google Scholar
• McFarland , C. P. and Glisky , E. L. 2009 . Frontal lobe involvement in a task of time-based prospective memory . Neuropsychologia , 47 : 1660 – 1669 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarland , C. P. and Glisky , E. L. 2011 . Implementation intentions and imagery: Individual and combined effects among young adults . Memory & Cognition , Advance online publication doi: doi: 10.3758/s13421-011-0126-8
   Google Scholar
• Meeks , J. T. and Marsh , R. L. 2010 . Implementation intentions about non-focal event-based prospective memory tasks . Psychological Research , 74 : 82 – 89 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , K. J. , Johnson , M. K. , Raye , C. L. and D'Esposito , M. 2000 . FMRI evidence of age-related hippocampal dysfunction in feature binding in working memory . Cognitive Brain Research , 10 : 197 – 206 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moscovitch , M. 1994 . “ Memory and working with memory: Evaluation of a component process model and comparison with other models ” . In Memory systems 1994 , Edited by: Schacter , D. L. and Tulving , E. 269 – 310 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Okuda , J. , Fujii , T. , Ohtake , H. , Tsukiura , T. , Yamadori , A. , Frith , C. D. and Burgess , P. W. 2007 . Differential involvement of regions of rostral prefrontal (Brodmanarea 10) in time- and event-based prospective memory . International Journal of Psychophysiology , 64 : 233 – 246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , D. C. 1999 . “ Aging and the controlled and automatic processing of medical information and medical intentions ” . In Processing of medical information in aging patients: Cognitive and human factors perspectives , Edited by: Park , D. C. , Morrell , R. W. and Shifren , K. 3 – 22 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Poppenk , J. , Moscovitch , M. , McIntosh , A. R. , Ozcelik , E. and Craik , F. I. M. 2010 . Encoding the future: Successful processing of intentions engages predictive brain networks . NeuroImage , 49 : 905 – 913 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prabhakaran , V. , Narayanan , K. , Zhao , Z. and Gabrieli , J. D. E. 2000 . Integration of diverse information in working memory within the frontal lobe . Nature Neuroscience , 3 : 85 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raz , N. 2000 . “ Aging of the brain and its impact on cognitive performance: Integration of structural and functional findings ” . In The handbook of aging and cognition , 2nd , Edited by: Craik , F. I. M. and Salthouse , T. A. 1 – 90 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Raz , N. , Lindenberger , U. , Rodrigue , K. , Kennedy , K. M. , Head , D. Williamson , A. 2005 . Regional brain changes in aging healthy adults: General trends, individual differences and modifiers . Cerebral Cortex , 15 : 1676 – 1689 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds , J. R. , West , R. and Braver , T. 2009 . Distinct neural circuits support transient and sustained processes in prospective memory and working memory . Cerebral Cortex , 19 : 1208 – 1221 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scullin , M. K. , McDaniel , M. A. and Einstein , G. O. 2010 . Control of cost in prospective memory: Evidence for spontaneous retrieval processes . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition , 36 ( 1 ) : 190 – 203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senkfor , A. J. and Van Petten , C. 1998 . Who said what? An event-related potential study of source and item memory . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 24 : 1005 – 1025 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , R. E. 2003 . The cost of remembering in event-based prospective memory: Investigating the capacity demands of delayed intention performance . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition , 29 : 347 – 361 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , R. E. , Hunt , R. R. , McVay , J. C. and McConnell , M. D. 2007 . The cost of event-based prospective memory: Salient target events . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition , 33 ( 4 ) : 734 – 746 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuss , D. T. and Benson , D. F. 1984 . Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes . Psychological Bulletin , 95 : 3 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swick , D. , Senkfor , A. J. and Van Petten , C. 2006 . Source memory retrieval is affected by aging and prefrontal lesions: Behavioral and ERP evidence . Brain Research , 1107 : 161 – 176 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Petten , C. , Plante , E. , Davidson , P. S. R. , Kuo , T. Y. , Bajuscak , L. and Glisky , E. L. 2004 . Memory and executive function in older adults: relationships with temporal and prefrontal gray matter volumes and white matter hyperintensities . Neuropsychologia , 42 : 1313 – 1335 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D. 1981 . Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Revised , New York, NY : Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D. 1987 . Wechsler Memory Scale – Revised , New York, NY : Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D. 1997 . Wechsler Memory Scale – III manual , San Antonio, TX : Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• West , R. L. 1996 . An application of prefrontal cortex theory to cognitive aging . Psychological Bulletin , 120 ( 2 ) : 272 – 292 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , E. A. H. and Park , D. 2008 . “ Prospective memory and health behaviors: Context trumps cognition ” . In Prospective memory: Cognitive, neuroscience, developmental, and applied perspectives , Edited by: Kliegel , M. , McDaniel , M. A. and Einstein , G. O. 391 – 410 . New York, NY : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar