Aging and perceived event structure as a function of modality

REFERENCES

• Arbuckle , T. Y. , Vanderleck , V. F. , Harsany , M. and Lapidus , S. 1990 . Adult age differences in relation to availability and accessibility of knowledge-based schemas . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition , 16 : 305 – 315 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baggett , P. 1979 . Structurally equivalent stories in movie and text and the effect of the medium on recall . Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior , 18 ( 3 ) : 333 – 356 .
   Google Scholar
• Bordwell , D. 1995 . Narration in the fiction film , Madison , WI : University of Wisconsin Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carstensen , L. L. , Fung , H. H. and Charles , S. T. 2003 . Socioemotional selectivity theory and the regulation of emotion in the second half of life . Motivation and Emotion , 27 : 103 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copeland , D. E. , Magliano , J. P. and Radvansky , G. A. 2006 . “ Situation models in comprehension, memory, and augmented cognition ” . In Human cognitive models in system design , Edited by: Bernard , M. , Forsythe , J. C. and Goldsmith , T. 37 – 66 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Copeland , D. E. and Radvansky , G. A. 2007 . Aging and integrating spatial mental models . Psychology and Aging , 22 : 569 – 579 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gernsbacher , M. A. 1990 . Language comprehension as structure building , Hillsdale , NJ : Earlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Givón , T. 1989 . Mind, code and context: Essays in pragmatics , Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Hard , B. M. , Tversky , B. and Lang , D. 2006 . Making sense of abstract events: Building event schemas . Memory & Cognition , 34 : 1221 – 1235 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasher , L. and Zacks , R. T. 1988 . “ Working memory, comprehension, and aging: A review and a new view ” . In The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory , Edited by: Bower , G. Vol. 22 , 193 – 225 . San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hess , T. M. 1985 . Aging and context influences on recognition memory for typical and atypical script actions . Developmental Psychology , 21 : 1139 – 1151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kintsch , W. 1998 . Comprehension: A paradigm for cognition , New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Koutstaal , W. and Schacter , D. L. 1997 . Gist-based false recognition of pictures in older and younger adults . Journal of Memory and Language , 37 : 555 – 583 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurby , C. A. and Zacks , J. M. 2008 . Segmentation in the perception and memory of events . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 12 ( 2 ) : 72 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurby , C.A. and Zacks , J. M. 2011 . Age differences in the perception of hierarchical structure in events . Memory & Cognition , 39 : 75 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorch , R. F. and Myers , J. L. 1990 . Regression analysis of repeated measures data in cognitive research . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 16 : 149 – 157 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magliano , J. P. , Miller , J. and Zwaan , R. A. 2001 . Indexing space and time in film understanding . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 15 : 533 – 545 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magliano , J. , Radvansky , G. A. and Copeland , D. E. 2007 . “ Beyond language comprehension: Situation models as a form of autobiographical memory ” . In Higher level language processes in the brain: Inference and comprehension processes , Edited by: Schmalhofer , F. and Perfetti , C. 379 – 392 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Magliano , J. P. and Schleich , M. 2000 . Verb aspect and situation models . Discourse Processes , 29 : 83 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magliano , J. P. , Taylor , H. A. and Kim , H. J. 2005 . When goals collide: Monitoring the goals of multiple characters . Memory & Cognition , 33 : 1357 – 1367 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magliano , J. P. , Trabasso , T. and Graesser , A. C. 1999a . Strategic processes during comprehension . Journal of Educational Psychology , 91 : 615 – 629 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magliano , J. P. and Zacks , J. M. 2011 . The impact of continuity editing in narrative film on event segmentation . Cognitive Science , 35 : 1489 – 1517 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magliano , J. P. , Zwaan , R. A. and Graesser , A. C. 1999b . “ The role of situational continuity in narrative understanding ” . In The construction of mental representation during reading , Edited by: Goldman , S. R. and van Oostendorp , H. 219 – 245 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , M. 1967 . A Boy, A Dog, and a Frog , New York , NY : Dial Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , M. 1969 . Frog, Where Are You? , New York , NY : Dial Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , M. 1971 . A Boy, A Dog, a Frog, and A Friend , New York , NY : Dial Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , M. 1973 . Frog on His Own , New York , NY : Dial Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , M. 1974 . Frog Goes to Dinner , New York , NY : Dial Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , M. 1975 . “ One ” . In Frog Too Many , New York , NY : Dial Press .
   Google Scholar
• McCloud , S. 1994 . Understanding comics: The invisible art , New York , NY : Harper Perennial .
   Google Scholar
• McNamara , D. S. and Magliano , J. P. 2009 . “ Towards a comprehensive model of comprehension ” . In The psychology of learning and motivation , Edited by: Ross , B. Vol. 51 , 297 – 384 . New York , NY : Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Morrow , D. G. , Leirer , V. O. , Altieri , P. and Fitzsimmons , C. 1994 . Age differences in creating spatial models from narratives . Language and Cognitive Processes , 9 : 203 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narvaez , D. , Radvansky , G. A. , Lynchard , N. A. and Copeland , D. E. 2011 . Are older adults more attuned to morally-charged information? . Experimental Aging Research , 37 : 398 – 434 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newtson , D. 1973 . Attribution and the unit of perception of ongoing behavior . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 28 : 28 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noh , S. R. and Stine-Morrow , E. A. L. 2009 . Age differences in tracking characters during narrative comprehension . Memory & Cognition , 37 : 769 – 778 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radvansky , G. A. 1999 . Aging, memory and comprehension . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 8 : 49 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radvansky , G. A. and Copeland , D. E. 2010 . Reading times and the detection of event shift processing . Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 36 : 210 – 216 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radvansky , G. A. , Copeland , D. E. , Berish , D. E. and Dijkstra , K. 2003 . Aging and situation model updating . Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition , 10 : 158 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radvansky , G. A. , Copeland , D. E. and von Hippel , W. 2010 . Stereotype activation, inhibition, and aging . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 46 : 51 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radvansky , G. A. , Copeland , D. E. and Zwaan , R. A. 2003 . Aging and functional spatial relations in comprehension and memory . Psychology and Aging , 18 : 161 – 165 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radvansky , G. A. and Curiel , J. M. 1998 . Narrative comprehension and aging: The fate of completed goal information . Psychology and Aging , 13 : 69 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radvansky , G. A. and Dijkstra , K. 2007 . Aging and situation model processing . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 14 : 1027 – 1042 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radvansky , G. A. , Zwaan , R. A. , Curiel , J. M. and Copeland , D. E. 2001 . Situation models and aging . Psychology and Aging , 16 : 145 – 160 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rinck , M. and Bower , G. H. 1995 . Anaphor resolution and the focus of attention in situation models . Journal of Memory and Language , 34 : 110 – 131 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salthouse , T. A. 1996 . Constraints on theories of cognitive aging . Psychological Review , 3 : 287 – 299 .
   Google Scholar
• Salthouse , T. A. and Babcock , R. L. 1991 . Decomposing adult age differences in working memory . Developmental Psychology , 27 : 763 – 776 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speer , N. K. , Swallow , K. M. and Zacks , J. M. 2003 . Activation of human motion processing areas during event perception . Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience , 3 ( 4 ) : 335 – 345 .
   Google Scholar
• Speer , N. K. , Reynolds , J. R. and Zacks , J. M. 2007 . Human brain activity time-locked to narrative event boundaries . Psychological Science , 18 ( 5 ) : 449 – 455 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein , N. L. , Folkman , S. , Trabasso , T. and Richards , T. A. 1997 . Appraisal and goals processes as predictors of psychological well being in bereaved caregivers . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 72 : 872 – 884 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein , N. L. and Levine , L. 1990 . “ Making sense out of emotional experience. The representation and use of goal-directed knowledge ” . In Psychological and biological approaches to emotion , Edited by: Stein , N. L. , Leventhal , B. and Trabasso , T. 45 – 74 . Hillsdale , NJ : Elrbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Stine-Morrow , A. L. , Morrow , D. G. and Leno , R. 2002 . Aging and the representation of spatial situations in narrative understanding . The Journal of Gerontology: Series B , 57 : 291 – 297 .
   Google Scholar
• Therriault , D. J. and Rinck , M. 2007 . “ Multidimensional situation models ” . In Higher level language processes in the brain: Inference and comprehension processes , Edited by: Schmalhofer , F. and Perfetti , C. 311 – 329 . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Trabasso , T. , van den Broek , P. and Suh , S. 1989 . Logical necessity and transitivity of causal relations in stories . Discourse Processes , 12 : 1 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dijk , T. A. and Kintsch , W. 1983 . Strategies in discourse comprehension , New York , NY : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zacks , J. M. , Speer , N. K. and Reynolds , J. R. 2009 . Segmentation in reading and film comprehension . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 138 : 307 – 327 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zacks , J. M. , Speer , N. K. , Swallow , K. M. , Braver , T. S. and Reynolds , J. R. 2007 . Event perception: A mind/brain perspective . Psychological Bulletin , 133 ( 2 ) : 273 – 293 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zacks , J. M. , Speer , N. K. , Swallow , K. M. and Maley , C. J. 2010 . The brain's cutting-room floor: Segmentation of narrative cinema . Frontiers in Human Neuroscience , 4 ( 168 ) : 1 – 15 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zacks , J. M. , Speer , N. K. , Vettel , J. M. and Jacoby , L. L. 2006 . Event understanding and memory in healthy aging and dementia of the Alzheimer type . Psychology & Aging , 21 : 466 – 482 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zacks , J. and Tversky , B. 2001 . Event structure in perception and conception . Psychological Bulletin , 127 : 3 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zacks , J. M. , Tversky , B. and Iyer , G. 2001 . Perceiving, remembering, and communicating structure in events . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 130 ( 1 ) : 29 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwaan , R. A. 1996 . Processing narrative time shifts . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition , 22 : 1196 – 1207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwaan , R. A. , Langston , M. C. and Graesser , A. C. 1995 . The construction of situation models in narrative comprehension: An event indexing model . Psychological Science , 6 : 292 – 297 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwaan , R. A. , Magliano , J. P. and Graesser , A. C. 1995 . Dimensions of situation model construction in narrative comprehension . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 21 : 386 – 397 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwaan , R. A. and Radvansky , G. A. 1998 . Situation models in language comprehension and memory . Psychological Bulletin , 123 : 162 – 185 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar