Aging and the inhibition of competing hypotheses during visual word identification: evidence from the progressive demasking task

References

• Andrés, P. (2009). Equivalent part set cueing effects in younger and older adults. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 21, 176–191. doi:10.1080/09541440802033980
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrés, P., Van der Linden, M., & Parmentier, F. B. (2004). Directed forgetting in working memory: Age‐related differences. Memory, 12, 248–256. doi:10.1080/09658210244000612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews, S. (1997). The effect of orthographic similarity on lexical retrieval: Resolving neighborhood conflicts. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 4, 439–461. doi:10.3758/BF03214334
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbuckle, T. Y., Nohara-LeClair, M., & Pushkar, D. (2000). Effect of off-target verbosity on communication efficiency in a referential communication task. Psychology and Aging, 15, 65–77. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.15.1.65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balota, D. A., Cortese, M. J., Sergent-Marshall, S. D., Spieler, D. H., & Yap, M. J. (2004). Visual word recognition of single-syllable words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133, 283–316. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.2.283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balota, D. A., Yap, M. J., Hutchison, K. A., Cortese, M. J., Kessler, B., Loftis, B., … Treiman, R. (2007). The English Lexicon Project. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 445–459. doi:10.3758/BF03193014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borella, E., Delaloye, C., Lecerf, T., Renaud, O., & de Ribaupierre, A. (2009). Do age differences between young and older adults in inhibitory tasks depend on the degree of activation of information? European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 21, 445–472. doi:10.1080/09541440802613997
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowles, N. L., & Poon, L. W. (1985). Aging and retrieval of words in semantic memory. Journal of Gerontology, 40, 71–77. doi:10.1093/geronj/40.1.71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bruner, J. S., & Potter, M. C. (1964). Interference in visual recognition. Science, 144, 424–425. doi:10.1126/science.144.3617.424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke, D. M. (1997). Language, aging, and inhibitory deficits: Evaluation of a theory. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 52B, P254–P264. doi:10.1093/geronb/52B.6.P254
   Google Scholar
• Carrieras, M., Perea, M., & Grainger, J. (1997). Effects of orthographic neighborhood in visual word recognition: Cross-task comparisons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 857–871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiappe, P., Siegel, L., & Hasher, L. S. (2000). Working memory, inhibitory control, and reading disability. Memory and Cognition, 28, 8–17. doi:10.3758/BF03211570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collette, F., Germain, S., Hogge, M., & Van der Linden, M. (2009). Inhibitory control of memory in normal ageing: Dissociation between impaired intentional and preserved unintentional processes. Memory, 17, 104–122. doi:10.1080/09658210802574146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coltheart, M., Davelaar, E., Jonasson, J. T., & Besner, D. (1977). Access to the internal lexicon. In S. Dornic (Ed.), Attention and performance VI (pp. 535–555). Hillside, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Craik, F. I. M., & Jennings, J. M. (1992). Human memory. In F. I. M. Craik & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.), The handbook of aging and cognition (pp. 51–110). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• De Frias, C. M., Dixon, R. A., & Strauss, E. (2006). Structure of four executive functioning tests in healthy older adults. Neuropsychology, 20, 206–214. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.2.206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earles, J. L., Tabor Connor, L., Frieske, D., Park, D. C., Smith, A. D., & Zwahr, M. (1997). Age differences in inhibition: Possible causes and consequences. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 4, 45–57. doi:10.1080/13825589708256635
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekstrom, R. B., French, J. W., Harman, H., & Derman, D. (1976). Kit of factor-referenced cognitive tests (rev. ed.). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
   Google Scholar
• Feyereisen, P., & Charlot, V. (2008). Are there uniform age-related changes across tasks involving inhibitory control through access, deletion, and restraint functions? A preliminary investigation. Experimental Aging Research, 34, 392–418. doi:10.1080/03610730802271880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster, K. I., & Shen, D. (1996). No enemies in the neighborhood: Absence of inhibitory neighborhood frequency effects in lexical decision and semantic categorization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 696–713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giffard, B., Desgranges, B., Kerrouche, N., Piolino, P., & Eustache, F. (2003). The hyperpriming phenomenon in normal aging: A consequence of cognitive slowing? Neuropsychology, 17, 594–601. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.17.4.594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grainger, J., & Jacobs, A. M. (1996). Orthographic processing in visual word recognition: A multiple read-out model. Psychological Review, 103, 518–565. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.103.3.518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grainger, J., & Segui, J. (1990). Neighborhood frequency effects in visual word recognition: A comparison of lexical decision and masked identification latencies. Perception and Psychophysics, 47, 191–198. doi:10.3758/BF03205983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerreiro, M. J. S., Murphy, D. R., & Van Gerven, P. W. M. (2010). The role of sensory modality in age-related distraction: A critical review and a renewed view. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 975–1022. doi:10.1037/a0020731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunter, T. C., Jackson, J. L., & Mulder, G. (1998). Priming and aging: An electrophysiological investigation of N400 and recall. Brain and Language, 65, 333–355. doi:10.1006/brln.1998.1987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamm, V. P., & Hasher, L. (1992). Age and the availability of inferences. Psychology and Aging, 7, 56–64. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.7.1.56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartman, M., & Hasher, L. (1991). Aging and suppression: Memory for previously relevant information. Psychology and Aging, 6, 587–594. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.6.4.587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasher, L., Lustig, C., & Zacks, R. T. (2007). Inhibitory mechanisms and the control of attention. In A. Conway, C. Jarrold, M. Kane, A. Miyake, & J. Towse (Eds.), Variation in working memory (pp. 227–249). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hasher, L., Quig, M. B., & May, C. P. (1997). Inhibitory control over no-longer-relevant information: Adult age differences. Memory and Cognition, 25, 286–295. doi:10.3758/BF03211284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T. (1988). Working memory, comprehension, and aging: A review and a new view. In G. G. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of Learning and motivation (Vol. 22, pp. 193–225). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60041-9
   Google Scholar
• Hasher, L., Zacks, R. T., & May, C. P. (1999). Inhibitory control, circadian arousal, and age. In D. Gopher & A. Koriat (Eds.), Attention and performance XVII: Cognitive regulation of performance: Interaction of theory and application (pp. 653–675). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hogge, M., Adam, S., & Collette, F. (2008). Directed forgetting and aging: The role of retrieval processes, processing speed, and proactive interference. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 15, 471–491. doi:10.1080/13825580701878065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacoby, L. L., Rogers, C. S., Bishara, A. J., & Shimizu, Y. (2012). Mistaking the recent past for the present: False seeing by older adults. Psychology and Aging, 27, 22–32. doi:10.1037/a0025924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemper, S., & McDowd, J. (2006). Eye movements of young and older adults while reading with distraction. Psychology and Aging, 21, 32–39. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemper, S., & Sumner, A. (2001). The structure of verbal abilities in young and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 16, 312–322. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.16.2.312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kucera, H., & Francis, W. N. (1967). Computational analysis of present-day American English. Providence, RI: Brown University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lahar, C. J., Isaak, M. I., & McArthur, A. D. (2001). Age differences in the magnitude of the attentional blink. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition (Neuropsychology, Development and Cognition: Section B), 8, 149–159. doi:10.1076/anec.8.2.149.842
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laver, G. D. (2000). A speed-accuracy analysis of word recognition in young and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 15, 705–709. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.15.4.705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laver, G. D. (2009). Adult aging effects on semantic and episodic priming in word recognition. Psychology and Aging, 24, 28–39. doi:10.1037/a0014642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laver, G. D., & Burke, D. M. (1993). Why do semantic priming effects increase in old age? A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 8, 34–43. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.8.1.34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Light, L. L., Prull, M. W., & Kennison, R. F. (2000). Divided attention, aging, and priming in exemplar generation and category verification. Memory & Cognition, 28, 856–872. doi:10.3758/BF03198421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindfield, K. C., & Wingfield, A. (1999). An experimental and computational analysis of age differences in the recognition of fragmented pictures: Inhibitory connections versus speed of processing. Experimental Aging Research, 25, 223–242. doi:10.1080/036107399244002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindfield, K. C., Wingfield, A., & Bowles, N. L. (1994). Identification of fragmented pictures under ascending versus fixed presentation in young and elderly adults: Evidence for the inhibition-deficit hypothesis. Aging and Cognition, 1, 282–291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, C. R., & Snodgrass, J. G. (1994). Competitive activation model of perceptual interference in picture and word identification. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20, 50–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lustig, C., May, C. P., & Hasher, L. (2001). Working memory span and the role of proactive interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 199–207. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.130.2.199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madden, D. J., Pierce, T. W., & Allen, P. A. (1993). Age-related slowing and the time-course of semantic priming invisual word identification. Psychology and Aging, 8, 490–507. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.8.4.490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrae, C. S., & Abrams, R. A. (2001). Age-related differences in object- and location-based inhibition of return of attention. Psychology and Aging, 16, 437–449. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.16.3.437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDowd, J. M., & Oseas-Kreger, D. M. (1991). Aging, inhibitory processes, and negative priming. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 46, P340–P345. doi:10.1093/geronj/46.6.P340
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McLaughlin, P. M., Szostak, C., Binns, M. A., Craik, F. I. M., Tipper, S. P., & Stuss, D. T. (2010). The effects of age and task demands on visual selective attention. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64, 197–207. doi:10.1037/a0020650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara, T. P. (2005). Semantic priming: Perspectives from memory and word recognition. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Morrone, I., Declercq, C., Novella, J., & Besche, C. (2010). Aging and inhibition processes: The case of metaphor treatment. Psychology and Aging, 25, 697–701. doi:10.1037/a0019578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mund, I., Bell, R., & Buchner, A. (2010). Age differences in reading with distraction: Sensory or inhibitory deficits? Psychology and Aging, 25, 886–897. doi:10.1037/a0019508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielson, K. A., Langenecker, S. A., & Garavan, H. (2002). Differences in the functional neuroanatomy of inhibitory control across the adult life span. Psychology and Aging, 17, 56–71. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.17.1.56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberauer, K. (2001). Removing irrelevant information from working memory: A cognitive aging study with the modified Sternberg task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27, 948–957. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.27.4.948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pesta, B. J., & Sanders, R. E. (2000). Aging and negative priming: Is ignored information inhibited or remembered? Experimental Aging Research, 26, 37–56. doi:10.1080/036107300243678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plude, D. J., & Hoyer, W. J. (1986). Age and the selectivity of visual information processing. Psychology and Aging, 1, 4–10. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.1.1.4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert, C., & Mathey, S. (2007). Aging and lexical inhibition: The effect of orthographic neighborhood frequency in young and older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 62, P340–P342. doi:10.1093/geronb/62.6.P340
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rogers, C. S., Jacoby, L. L., & Sommers, M. S. (2012). Frequent false hearing by older adults: The role of age differences in metacognition. Psychology and Aging, 27, 33–45. doi:10.1037/a0026231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salthouse, T. A. (1993). Speed and knowledge as determinants of adult age differences in verbal tasks. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 48, P29–P36. doi:10.1093/geronj/48.1.P29
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salthouse, T. A., & Meinze, E. J. (1995). Aging, inhibition, working memory, and speed. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 50B, P297–P306. doi:10.1093/geronb/50B.6.P297
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sears, C. R., Lupker, S. J., & Hino, Y. (1999). Orthographic neighborhood effects in perceptual identification and semantic categorization tasks: A test of the multiple read-out model. Perception and Psychophysics, 61, 1537–1554. doi:10.3758/BF03213116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slattery, T. J. (2009). Word misperception, the neighbor frequency effect, and the role of sentence context: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35, 1969–1975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommers, M. S. (1996). The structural organization of the mental lexicon and its contribution to age-related declines in spoken-word recognition. Psychology and Aging, 11, 333–341. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.11.2.333
   Google Scholar
• Sommers, M. S., & Danielson, S. M. (1999). Inhibitory processes and spoken word recognition in young and older adults: The interaction of lexical competition and semantic context. Psychology and Aging, 14, 458–472. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.14.3.458
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stadtlander, L. M. (1995). Age differences in orthographic and frequency neighborhoods. In P. A. Allen & T. R. Bashore (Eds.), Age differences in word and language processing (pp. 72–86). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Stine, E. A. L., & Wingfield, A. (1994). Older adults can inhibit high-probability competitors in speech recognition. Aging and Cognition, 1, 152–157.
   Google Scholar
• Taler, V., Aaron, G. P., Steinmetz, L. G., & Pisoni, D. B. (2010). Lexical neighborhood density effects on spoken word recognition and production in healthy aging. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65B, 551–560. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbq039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhaeghen, P., & De Meersman, L. (1998). Aging and the negative priming effect: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 13, 435–444. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.13.3.435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (1981). Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised: Manual. New York, NY: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Wielgos, C. M., & Cunningham, W. R. (1999). Age-related slowing on the digit symbol task: Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses. Experimental Aging Research, 25, 109–120. doi:10.1080/036107399244048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wingfield, A., Stine, E. L., Lahar, C. J., & Aberdeen, J. S. (1988). Does the capacity of working memory change with age? Experimental Aging Research, 14, 103–107. doi:10.1080/03610738808259731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zacks, R. T., Radvansky, G., & Hasher, L. (1996). Studies of directed forgetting in older adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 143–156. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.22.1.143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar