Publication Cover
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition
A Journal on Normal and Dysfunctional Development
Volume 2, 1995 - Issue 3
34
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Is implicit memory preserved in alzheimer's disease? implications for theories of implicit memory

Pages 192-205 | Accepted 18 Jul 1995, Published online: 25 Sep 2007

References

  • Abbenhuis , M. A. , Raaijmakers , W. G. , Raaijmakers , J. G. and Van Woerden , G. C. 1990 . Episodic memory in dementia of the Alzheimer type and in normal aging: Similar impairment in automatic processing . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology , 42 : 569 – 583 .
  • Antonietti , A. and Girotti , G. 1991 . Anagram solving is facilitated by intra- but not cross-modal priming . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 72 : 403 – 408 .
  • Balota , D. A. and Duchek , J. C. 1991 . Semantic priming effects, lexical repetition effects, and contextual disambiguation effects in healthy aged individuals and individuals with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type . Brain and Language , 40 : 181 – 201 .
  • Blaxton , T. C. 1989 . Investigating dissociations among memory measures: Support for a transfer-appropriate processing framework . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 15 : 657 – 668 .
  • Blaxton , T. C. 1992 . Dissociations among memory measures in memory-impaired subjects: Evidence for a processing account of memory . Memory and Cognition , 20 : 549 – 562 .
  • Blaxton , T. C. 1993 . Investigations of memory function in the human brain: Evidence from PET and electrical brain stimulation . Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association . August 1993 , Toronto, ON.
  • Blaxton , T. 1995 . A process-based view of memory . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 1 : 112 – 114 .
  • Bondi , M. W. and Kaszniak , A. C. 1991 . Implicit and explicit memory in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 13 : 339 – 358 .
  • Brandt , J. , Spencer , M. , McSorley , P. and Folstein , M. C. 1988 . Semantic activation and implicit memory in Alzheimer's disease . Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders , 2 : 112 – 119 .
  • Butters , N. , Heindel , W. C. and Salmon , D. C. 1990 . Dissociations of implicit memory in dementia: Neurological implications . Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , 28 : 359 – 366 .
  • Carroll , M. , Byrne , B. and Kirsner , K. 1985 . Autobiographical memory and perceptual learning: A developmental study using picture recognition, naming latency, and perceptual identification . Memory and Cognition , 13 : 273 – 279 .
  • Christensen , H. and Birrell , P. 1991 . Explicit and implicit memory in dementia and normal ageing . Psychological Research , 53 : 149 – 161 .
  • Christensen , H. , Maltby , N. , Jorm , A. F. , Creasey , H. and Broe , G. C. 1992 . Cholinergic blockade as a model of the cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease . Brain , 115 : 1681 – 1699 .
  • Cohen , N. J. and Squire , L. R. 1980 . Preserved learning and retention of pattern analyzing skill in amnesia: Dissociation of knowing how and knowing that . Science , 10 : 207 – 209 .
  • Deweer , B. , Ergis , A. M. , Fossati , P. , Pillon , B. , Boller , F. , Agid , Y. and Dubois , B. 1994 . Explicit memory, procedural learning, and lexical priming in Alzheimer's disease . Cortex , 30 : 113 – 126 .
  • Dunn , J. C. and Kirsner , K. 1989 . “ Implicit memory: Task or Process? ” . In Implicit memory: Theoretical issues , Edited by: Lewandowsky , S. , Dunn , J. C. and Kirsner , K. 17 – 31 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Eslinger , P. J. and Damasio , A. C. 1986 . Preserved motor learning in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for anatomy and behavior . Journal of Neuroscience , 6 : 3006 – 3009 .
  • Ferraro , F. R. , Balota , D. A. and Conner , L. C. 1993 . Implicit memory and the formation of new associations in nondemented Parkinson's disease individuals and in individuals with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: A serial reaction time (SRT) investigation . Brain and Cognition , 21 : 163 – 180 .
  • Friedman , D. , Hamberger , M. , Stern , Y. and Marder , K. 1992 . Event-related potentials during repetition priming in Alzheimer's patients and young and older controls . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 14 : 448 – 462 .
  • Gabrieli , J. D.E. 1995 . A systematic view of human memory processes . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 1 : 115 – 118 .
  • Gabrieli , J. D.E. , Keane , M. M. , Stanger , G. Z. , Kjelgaard , M. M. , Growdon , J. H. and Corkin , S. 1994 . Dissociations among structural-perceptual, lexicalsemantic, and event-fact memory systems in amnesic, Alzheimer's and normal subjects . Cortex , 30 : 75 – 103 .
  • Gardner , H. , Boller , F. , Moreines , J. and Butters , N. 1973 . Retrieving information from Korsakoff patients: Effects of categorical cues and reference to the task . Cortex , 9 : 165 – 175 .
  • Goldstein , F. C. , Green , J. , Preseley , R. and Green , R. C. 1992 . Dysnomia in Alzheimer's disease: an evaluation of neurobehavioral subtypes . Brain and Language , 43 : 308 – 322 .
  • Graf , P. and Schacter , D. C. 1985 . Implicit and explicit memory for new associations in normal and amnesic subjects . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 11 : 501 – 518 .
  • Graf , P. , Shimamura , A. P. and Squire , L. C. 1985 . Priming across modalities and priming across category levels: Extending the domain of preserved function in amnesia . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 11 : 386 – 396 .
  • Graf , P. , Squire , L. R. and Mandler , G. 1984 . the information that amnesic patients do not forget . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition , 10 : 164 – 178 .
  • Grafman , J. , Weingartner , P. A. , Newhouse , P. A. , Thompson , K. , Lalonde , F. , Litvan , I. , Molchan , S. and Sunderland , T. 1990 . Implicit learning in patients with Alzheimer's disease . Pharmacopsychiatry , 23 : 94 – 101 .
  • Grober , E. , Ausubel , R. , Sliwinski , M. and Gordon , B. 1992 . Skill learning and repetition priming in Alzheimer's disease . Neuropsychologia , 30 : 849 – 858 .
  • Grosse , D. A. , Wilson , R. S. and Fox , J. C. 1990 . Preserved word-stem completion priming of semantically encoded information in Alzheimer's disease . Psychology and Aging , 5 : 304 – 306 .
  • Hayman , C. A.G. and Tulving , E. 1989 . Is priming in fragment completion based on a “traceless” memory system? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 15 : 941 – 956 .
  • Heindel , W. C. , Butters , N. and Salmon , D. C. 1988 . Impaired learning of a motor skill in patients with Huntington's disease . Behavioral Neuroscience , 102 : 141 – 147 .
  • Heindel , W. C. , Salmon , D. P. and Butters , N. 1990 . Pictorial priming and cued recall in Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease . Brain and Cognition , 13 : 282 – 295 .
  • Heindel , W. C. , Salmon , D. P. , Shults , C. W. , Walicke , P. A. and Butters , N. 1989 . Neuropsychological evidence for multiple implicit memory systems: A comparison of Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's disease patients . Journal of Neuroscience , 9 : 582 – 587 .
  • Huff , F. J. , Mack , L. , Mahlmann , J. and Greenberg , S. 1988 . A comparison of lexical-semantic impairments in left hemisphere stroke and Alzheimer's disease . Brain and Language , 34 : 262 – 278 .
  • Jacoby , L. C. 1983 . Remembering the data: Analyzing interactive processes in reading . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 22 : 485 – 508 .
  • Jacoby , L. L. and Dallas , M. 1981 . On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 110 : 306 – 340 .
  • Keane , M. M. , Gabrieli , J. D.E. , Fennema , A. C. , Growdon , J. H. and Corkin , S. 1991 . Evidence for a dissociation between perceptual and conceptual priming in Alzheimer's disease . Behavioral Neuroscience , 105 : 326 – 342 .
  • Keane , M. M. , Gabrieli , J. D.E. , Growdon , J. H. and Corkin , S. 1994 . Priming in perceptual identification of pseudowords is normal in Alzheimer's disease . Neuropsychologia , 32 ( 3 ) : 343 – 356 .
  • Kirsner , K. , Milech , D. and Standen , P. 1983 . Common and modality specific processes in the mental lexicon . Memory and Cognition , 11 : 621 – 630 .
  • Knopman , D. S. and Nissen , M. J. 1987 . Implicit learning in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease . Neurology , 37 : 784 – 788 .
  • Maki , P. C. 1995 . Perceptual and conceptual implicit memory in Alzheimer's disease Manuscript submitted for publication
  • McKhann , G. , Drachman , D. , Folstein , M. , Katzman , R. , Price , D. and Stadlan , E. C. 1984 . Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease . Neurology , 34 : 939 – 944 .
  • Milner , B. , Corkin , S. and Teuber , H.-L. 1968 . Further analysis of hippocampal amnesic syndrome: 14 year follow-up study of H.M . Neuropsychologia , 6 : 215 – 234 .
  • Mishkin , M. , Malamut , B. and Bachevalier , J. 1984 . “ Memories and habits: Two neural systems ” . In Neurobiology of learning and memory , Edited by: Lynch , G. , McGaugh , J. L. and Weinberger , N. M. 65 – 77 . New York : Guilford Press .
  • Monsell , S. 1985 . “ Repetition and the lexicon ” . In Progress in the Psychology of Language , Edited by: Ellis , A. W. 147 – 195 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Monti , L. A. , Gabrieli , J. D.E. , Wilson , R. S. and Reminger , S. C. 1994 . Intact text-specific implicit memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease . Psychology and Aging , 9 : 64 – 71 .
  • Moscovitch , M. 1982 . “ A neuropsychological approach to perception and memory in normal and pathological aging ” . In Aging and cognitive processes , Edited by: Craik , F. I.M. and Trehub , S. 337 – 370 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Moscovitch , M. 1992 . Memory and working-with-memory: A component process model based on modules and central systems . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 4 : 257 – 267 .
  • Moscovitch , M. , Winocur , G. and McLachlan , D. 1986 . Memory as assessed by recognition and reading time in normal and memory impaired people with Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 115 : 331 – 347 .
  • Nissen , M. J. and Bullemer , P. 1987 . Attentional requirements of learning: Evidence from performance measures . Cognitive Psychology , 19 : 1 – 32 .
  • Ober , B. A. and Shenaut , G. 1988 . Lexical decision and priming in Alzheimer's disease . Neuropsychologia , 26 : 273 – 286 .
  • Perani , D. , Bressi , S. , Cappa , S. F. , Vallar , G. , Alberoni , M. , Grassi , F. , Caltagirone , C. , Cipolotti , L. , Franceschi , M. , Lenzi , G. L. and Fazio , F. 1993 . Evidence of multiple memory systems in the human brain: A [18F]FDG PET metabolic study . Brain , 116 : 903 – 919 .
  • Petersen , S. E. , Fox , P. T. , Posner , M. I. , Mintun , M. and Raichle , M. C. 1990 . Positron emission tomographic studies of the processing of single words . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 1 : 153 – 170 .
  • Randolph , C. 1991 . Implicit, explicit and semantic memory functions in Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease . Journal of Experimental and Clinical Neuropsychology , 13 : 479 – 494 .
  • Richardson-Klavehn , A. and Bjork , R. A. 1988 . Measures of memory . Annual Review of Psychology , 39 : 475 – 543 .
  • Roediger , H. C. 1990 . Implicit memory: Retention without remembering . American Psychologist , 45 : 1043 – 1056 .
  • Roediger , H. L. and Blaxton , T. A. 1987 . Effects of varying modality, surface features, and retention interval on priming in word fragment completion . Memory and Cognition , 15 : 379 – 388 .
  • Roediger , H. L. and McDermott , K. C. 1993 . “ Implicit memory in normal human subjects ” . In Handbook of neuropsychology , Edited by: Grafman , J. and Boller , F. Vol. 8 , 63 – 131 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • Salmon , D. , Shimamura , A. P. , Butters , N. and Smith , S. 1988 . Lexical and semantic priming deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 10 : 477 – 494 .
  • Schacter , D. C. 1985 . Priming of old and new knowledge in amnesic patients and normal subjects . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 444 : 44 – 53 .
  • Schacter , D. C. 1992 . Priming and multiple memory systems: Perceptual mechanisms of implicit memory . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 4 : 244 – 256 .
  • Schacter , D. L. , Bowers , J. and Booker , J. 1989 . “ Intention, awareness, and implicit memory: the retrieval intentionality criterion ” . In Implicit memory: Theoretical issues , Edited by: Lewandowsky , S. , Dunn , J. C. and Kirsner , K. 47 – 65 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Schacter , D. L. and Graf , P. 1986 . Preserved learning in amnesic patients: Perspectives from research on direct priming . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 8 : 727 – 743 .
  • Scott , L. C. , Wright , G. K. , Rai , G. S. , Exton-Smith , A. N. and Gardiner , J. C. 1991 . Further evidence for preserved memory function in Alzheimer's disease . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 6 : 583 – 588 .
  • Seger , C. C. 1994 . Implicit learning . Psychological Bulletin , 115 : 163 – 196 .
  • Shimamura , A. P. and Squire , L. C. 1984 . Paired-associate learning and priming effects in amnesia: A neuropsychological approach . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 113 : 556 – 570 .
  • Shimamura , A. P. , Salmon , D. P. , Squire , L. R. and Butters , N. 1987 . Memory dysfunction and word priming in dementia and amnesia . Behavioral Neuroscience , 101 : 347 – 351 .
  • Squire , L. C. 1987 . Memory and brain , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Squire , L. R. and Zola-Morgan , S. 1991 . the medial temporal lobe memory system . Science , 253 : 1380 – 1386 .
  • Toth , J. P. , Reingold , E. M. and Jacoby , L. C. 1994 . Toward a redefinition of implicit memory: process dissociations following elaborative processing and self-generation . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition , 20 : 290 – 303 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.