Risky decision-making in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)

References

• American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th , Washington , DC : American Psychiatric Association .
   Google Scholar
• Ances , BM and Ellis , RJ . 2007 . Dementia and neurocognitive disorders due to HIV-1 infection . Seminars in Neurology , 27 : 86 – 92 . doi:10.1055/s-2006-956759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antinori , A , Arendt , G , Becker , JT , Brew , BJ , Byrd , D , Cherner , M Wojna , VE . 2007 . Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders . Neurology , 69 : 1789 – 1799 . doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000287431.88658.8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Army Individual Test Battery . 1944 . Manual of directions and scoring , Washington , DC : War Department, Adjutant General's Office .
   Google Scholar
• Bechara , A , Damasio , H and Damasio , AR . 2000 . Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex . Cerebral Cortex , 10 : 295 – 307 . doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechara , A , Damasio , H and Damasio , AR . 2003 . Role of the amygdala in decision making . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 985 : 356 – 369 . doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07094.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechara , A , Damasio , AR , Damasio , H and Anderson , SW . 1994 . Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex . Cognition , 50 : 7 – 15 . doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechara , A , Damasio , H , Tranel , D and Damasio , AR . 1999 . Different contributions of the human amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to decision making . Journal of Neuroscience , 19 : 5473 – 5481 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechara , A , Dolan , S , Denburg , N , Hindes , A , Anderson , SW and Nathan , PE . 2001 . Decision making deficits, linked to dysfunctional ventromedial prefrontal cortex, revealed in alcohol and stimulant abusers . Neuropsychologia , 39 : 376 – 389 . doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(00)00136-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechara , A and Martin , EM . 2004 . Impaired decision making related to working memory deficits in individuals with substance addictions . Neuropsychology , 18 : 152 – 162 . doi:10.1037/0894-4105.18.1.152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedict , RH . 1997 . Brief Visuospatial Memory Test – Revised , Odessa , FL : Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Benedict , RH , Schretlen , D , Groninger , L and Brandt , J . 1998 . Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised: Normative data and analysis of inter-form and test–retest reliability . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 12 : 43 – 55 . doi:10.1076/clin.12.1.43.1726
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benton , AL , Hamsher , K and Sivan , AB . 1983 . Multilingual aphasia examination , 3rd , Iowa City , IA : AJA Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Blackstone , K , Moore , DJ , Heaton , RK , Franklin , DR Jr , Woods , SP , Clifford , DB Grant , I . 2012 . Diagnosing symptomatic HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: Self-report versus performance-based assessment of everyday functioning . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 18 : 79 – 88 . doi:10.1017/S135561771100141X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand , M , Labudda , K and Markowitsch , HJ . 2006 . Neuropsychological correlates of decision making in ambiguous and risky situations . Neural Networks , 19 : 1266 – 1276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand , M , Recknor , EC , Grabenhorst , F and Bechara , A . 2007 . Decisions under ambiguity and decisions under risk: Correlations with executive functions and comparisons of two different gambling tasks with implicit and explicit rules . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 29 : 86 – 99 . doi:10.1080/13803390500507196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chelune , GJ , Heaton , RK and Lehman , RAW . 1986 . “ Neuropsychological and personality correlates of patients’ complaints of disability ” . In Advances in clinical neuropsychology, vol. 3 , Edited by: Tarter , RE and Goldstein , G . 95 – 126 . New York, NY : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cysique , LA , Deutsch , R , Atkindon , JH , Young , C , Marcotte , TD , Dawson , L Heaton , RK . 2007 . Incident major depression does not affect neuropsychological functioning in HIV-infected men . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 13 : 1 – 11 . doi:10.1017/S1355617707070026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawes , DD , Suarez , P , Casey , CY , Cherner , M , Marcotte , TD , Letendre , SL Heaton , RK . 2008 . Variable patterns of neuropsychological performance in HIV-1 infection . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 30 : 613 – 626 . doi:10.1080/13803390701565225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn , BD , Dalgleish , T and Lawrence , AD . 2006 . The somatic marker hypothesis: A critical evaluation . Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , 30 : 239 – 271 . doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eaton , LA and Kalichman , SC . 2009 . Changes in transmission risk behaviors across stages of HIV disease among people living with HIV . Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care , 20 : 39 – 49 . doi:10.1016/j.jana.2008.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , R , Langford , D and Masliah , E . 2007 . HIV and antiretroviral therapy in the brain: Neuronal injury and repair . Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 8 : 33 – 44 . doi:10.1038/nrn2040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ernst , M , Bolla , K , Mouratidis , M , Contoreggi , C , Matochik , JA , Kurian , V London , ED . 2002 . Decision making in a risk-taking task: A PET study . Neuropsychopharmacology , 26 : 682 – 691 . doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00414-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fellows , LK and Farah , MJ . 2005 . Different underlying impairments in decision making following ventromedial and dorsolateral frontal lobe damage in humans . Cerebral Cortex , 15 : 58 – 63 . doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• First , MB , Spitzer , RL , Gibbon , M and Williams , JB . 1996 . Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders , New York, NY : Biometrics Research Department .
   Google Scholar
• Gansler , DA , Jerram , MW , Vannorsdall , TD and Schretlen , DJ . 2011 . Does the Iowa Gambling Task measure executive function? . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 26 : 706 – 717 . doi:10.1093/archlin/acr082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gladsjo , JA , Schuman , CC , Evans , JD , Peavy , GM , Miller , SW and Heaton , RK . 1999 . Norms for letter and category fluency: Demographic corrections for age, education, and ethnicity . Assessment , 6 : 147 – 178 . doi:10.1177/107319119900600204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez , R , Bechara , A and Martin , EM . 2007 . Executive functions among individuals with methamphetamine or alcohol as drugs of choice: Preliminary observations . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 29 : 155 – 159 . doi:10.1080/13803390600582446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez , R , Vassileva , J , Bechara , A , Grbesic , S , Sworowski , L , Novak , RM Martin , EM . 2005 . The influence of executive functions, sensation seeking, and HIV serostatus on the risky sexual practices of substance-dependent individuals . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 11 : 121 – 131 . doi:10.1017/S1355617705050186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gronwall , DM . 1977 . Paced auditory serial-addition task: A measure of recovery from concussion . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 44 : 367 – 375 . doi:10.2466/pms.1977.44.2.367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gronwall , DM and Sampson , H . 1974 . The psychological effects of concussion , Auckland , , New Zealand : Auckland University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hardy , DJ , Hinkin , CH , Levine , AJ , Castellon , SA and Lam , MN . 2006 . Risky decision making assessed with the gambling task in adults with HIV . Neuropsychology , 20 : 355 – 360 . doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.3.355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton , RK , Clifford , DB , Franklin , DR , Woods , SP , Ake , C , Vaida , F Grant , I . 2010 . HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: CHARTER Study . Neurology , 75 : 2087 – 2096 . doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318200d727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton , RK , Marcotte , TD , Mindt , MR , Sadek , J , Moore , DJ , Bentley , H Grant , I . 2004 . The impact of HIV-associated neuropsychological impairment on everyday functioning . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 10 : 317 – 331 . doi:10.10170S13556177041022130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton , RK , Miller , SW , Taylor , MJ and Grant , I . 2004 . Revised comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead-Reitan Battery: Demographically adjusted neuropsychological norms for African American and Caucasian adults , Odessa , FL : Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Heaton , RK , Taylor , MJ and Manly , JJ . 2001 . “ Demographic effects and use of demographically corrected norms with the WAIS-III and WMS-III ” . In Clinical interpretation of the WAIS-III and WMS-III , Edited by: Tulsky , DS , Heaton , RK , Chelune , G , Ivnik , R , Bornstein , RA Prifitera , A . San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hinkin , CH , Castellon , SA , Durvasula , RS , Hardy , DJ , Lam , MN , Mason , KI Stefaniak , M . 2002 . Medication adherence among HIV+ adults: Effects of cognitive dysfunction and regimen complexity . Neurology , 59 : 1944 – 1950 . doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000038347.48137.67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinkin , CH , Hardy , DJ , Mason , KI , Castellon , SA , Durvasula , RS , Lam , MN Stefaniak , M . 2004 . Medication adherence in HIV-infected adults: Effect of patient age, cognitive status, and substance abuse . AIDS , 18 : S19 – S25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kløve , H . 1963 . Grooved pegboard , Lafayette , IN : Lafayette Instruments .
   Google Scholar
• Kongs , SK , Thompson , LL , Iverson , GL and Heaton , RK . 2000 . Wisconsin Card Sorting Test – 64 card computerized version , Odessa , FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Lawrence , A , Clark , L , Labuzetta , JN , Sahakian , B and Vyakarnum , S . 2008 . The innovative brain . Nature , 456 : 168 – 169 . doi:10.1038/456168a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawton , MP and Brody , EM . 1969 . Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living . The Gerontologist , 9 : 179 – 186 . doi:10.1093/geront/9.3_Part_1.179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lejuez , CW , Read , JP , Kahler , CW , Richards , JB , Ramsey , SE , Stuart , GL Brown , RA . 2002 . Evaluation of a behavioral measure of risk taking: The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied , 8 : 75 – 84 . doi:10.1037/1076-898X.8.2.75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , X , Lu , ZL , D’Argembeau , A , Ng , M and Bechara , A . 2010 . The Iowa Gambling Task in fMRI images . Human Brain Mapping , 31 : 410 – 423 . doi:10.1002/hbm.20875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long , CJ and Kibby , MY . 1995 . Ecological validity of neuropsychological tests: A look at neuropsychology's past and the impact that ecological issues may have on its future . Advances in Medical Psychotherapy , 8 : 59 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Marcotte , TD , Wolfson , T , Rosenthal , TJ , Heaton , RK , Gonzalez , R , Ellis , RJ Grant , I . 2004 . A multimodal assessment of driving performance in HIV infection . Neurology , 63 : 1417 – 1422 . doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000141920.33580.5D
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , EM , Pitrak , DL , Weddington , W , Rains , NA , Nunnally , G , Nixon , H Bechara , A . 2004 . Cognitive impulsivity and HIV serostatus in substance dependent males . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 10 : 931 – 938 . doi:10.1017/S1355617704107054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazas , C , Finn , P and Steinmetz , J . 2000 . Decision making biases, antisocial personality, and early-onset alcoholism . Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research , 24 : 1036 – 1040 . doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04647.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNair , DM , Loor , M and Droppleman , LF . 1981 . Profile of Mood States , San Diego , CA : Educational & Industrial Testing Service .
   Google Scholar
• Monterosso , J , Ehrman , R , Napier , KL , O’Brien , CP and Childress , AR . 2001 . Three decision making tasks in cocaine-dependent patients: Do they measure the same construct? . Addiction , 96 : 1825 – 1837 . doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.9612182512.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton , JM , Stanford , MS and Barratt , ES . 1995 . Factor structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 51 : 768 – 774 . doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perretta , J , Pari , G and Beninger , RJ . 2005 . Effects of Parkinson's disease on two putative nondeclarative memory tasks: Probabilistic classification and gambling . Cognitive and Behavioural Neurology , 18 : 185 – 192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reger , M , Welsh , R , Razani , J , Martin , DJ and Boone , KB . 2002 . A meta-analysis of the neuropsychological sequelae of HIV infection . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 8 : 410 – 424 . doi:10.1017/S1355617702813212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robins , LN , Helzer , JE , Croughan , J and Ratcliff , KS . 1981 . National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule – Its history, characteristics, and validity . Archives of General Psychiatry , 38 : 381 – 389 . doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780290015001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roca , M , Torralva , T , Meli , F , Fiol , M , Calcagno , ML , Carpintiero , S Correale , J . 2008 . Cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis correlate with changes in fronto-subcortical tracts . Multiple Sclerosis , 14 : 364 – 369 . doi:10.1177/1352458507084270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Psychological Corporation . 1997 . WAIS-III and WMS-III technical manual , San Antonio , TX : The Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Toplak , ME , Sorge , GB , Benoit , A , West , RF and Stanovich , KE . 2010 . Decision-making and cognitive abilities: A review of associations between Iowa Gambling Task performance, executive functions, and intelligence . Clinical Psychology Review , 30 : 562 – 581 . doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Gorp , WG , Baerwald , JP , Ferrando , SJ , McElhiney , MC and Rabkin , JG . 1999 . The relationship between employment and neuropsychological impairment in HIV infection . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 5 : 534 – 539 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Gorp , W , Rabkin , J , Ferrando , S , Mintz , J , Ryan , E , Borkowski , T and McElhiney . 2007 . Neuropsychiatric predictors of return to work in HIV/AIDS . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 13 : 80 – 89 . doi:10.1017/S1355617707070117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdejo-Garcia , A , Bechara , A , Recknor , EC and Perez-Garcia , M . 2006 . Executive dysfunction in substance dependent individuals during drug use and abstinence: An examination of the behavioral, cognitive and emotional correlates of addiction . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 12 : 405 – 415 . doi:10.1017/S1355617706060486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wardle , MC , Gonzalez , R , Bechara , A and Martin-Thormeyer , EM . 2010 . Iowa Gambling Task performance and emotional distress interact to predict risky sexual behavior in individuals with dual substance and HIV diagnoses . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 32 : 1110 – 1121 . doi:10.1080/13803391003757833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , GS . 1993 . Wide Range Achievement Test Administration Manual , 3rd , Wilmington , DE : Wide Range, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Woods , SP , Moore , DJ , Weber , E and Grant , I . 2009 . Cognitive neuropsychology of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders . Neuropsychology Review , 19 : 152 – 168 . doi:10.1007/s11065-009-9102-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods , SP , Morgan , EE , Dawson , M , Scott , JC , Grant , I and The HNRC Group. 2006 . Action (verb) fluency predicts dependence in instrumental activities of daily living in persons infected with HIV-1 . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 28 : 1030 – 1042 . doi:10.1080/13803390500350985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods , SP , Rippeth , JD , Frol , AB , Levy , JK , Ryan , E , Soukup , VM Heaton , RK . 2004 . Interrater reliability of clinical ratings and neurocognitive diagnoses in HIV . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 26 : 759 – 778 . doi:10.1080/13803390490509565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 1998 . Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI, Version 2.1) , Geneva , , Switzerland : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Zogg , J , Woods , SP , Weber , E , Doyle , K , Grant , I and the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Programs (HNRP) Group. 2011 . Are time- and event-based prospective memory comparably affected in HIV infection? . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 26 : 250 – 259 . doi:10.1093/arclin/acr020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar