Demographically adjusted normative data for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64 item: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.–Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project

References

• Adesope, O. O., Lavin, T., Thompson, T., & Ungerleider, C. (2010). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the cognitive correlates of bilingualism. Review of Educational Research, 80, 207–245. doi:10.3102/0034654310368803
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arango-Lasprilla, J. C., Rivera, D., Longoni, M., Saracho, C. P., Garza, M. T., Aliaga, A., … Perrin, P. B. (2015). Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST): Normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population. NeuroRehabilitation, 37, 563–590. doi:10.3233/NRE-151280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artiola i Fortuny, L., Heaton, R. K., & Hermosillo, D. (1998). Neuropsychological comparisons of Spanish-speaking participants from the U.S.-Mexico border region versus Spain. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4, 363–379. doi:10.1017/S1355617798003634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artiola I Fortuny, L., Hermosillo Romo, D., Heaton, R. K., & Pardee, R. E. (1999). Manual de Normas y Procedimientos para la Bateria Neuropsicologica en Espanol. Tucson, AZ: m Press.
   Google Scholar
• Axelrod, B. N., Henry, R. R., & Woodard, J. L. (1992). Analysis of an abbreviated form of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6(1), 27–31. doi:10.1080/13854049208404114
   Google Scholar
• Axelrod, B. N., Jiron, C. C., & Henry, R. R. (1993). Performance of adults ages 20 to 90 on the abbreviated Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 7, 205–209. doi:10.1080/13854049308401523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg, E. A. (1948). A simple objective test for measuring flexibility in thinking. The Journal of General Psychology, 39(1), 15–22. doi:10.1080/00221309.1948.9918159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bialystock, E. (2017). The bilingual adaptation: How minds accommodate experience. Psychological Bulletin, 143(3), 233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchsbaum, B. R., Greer, S., Chang, W. L., & Berman, K. F. (2005). Meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of the Wisconsin card-sorting task and component processes. Human Brain Mapping, 25(1), 35–45. doi:10.1002/hbm.20128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherner, M., Marquine, M. J., Umlauf, A., M., Morlett Paredes, A., Rivera Mindt, M., Suarez, P., … Heaton. (2021). Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project: Methodology and sample Characteristics. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 253–268.
   Google Scholar
• Coffey, D. M., Marmol, L., Schock, L., & Adams, W. (2005). The influence of acculturation on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test by Mexican Americans. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 795–803. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2005.04.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Pino, R., Peña, J., Ibarretxe-Bilbao, N., Schretlen, D., & Ojeda, N. (2016). Test modificado de clasificación de tarjetas de Wisconsin: Normalización y estandarización de la prueba en población española. Revista de Neurología, 62, 193–202. doi:10.33588/rn.6205.2015274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz-Santos, M., Suarez, P., Umlauf, A., Marquine, M. J., R., Mindt, M., Artiola I Fortuny, L., … Group, H. (2021). Updated demographically adjusted norms for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised and Hopkins Verbal Learning est-Revised in Spanish speakers from the U.S.-Mexico border region: NP-NUMBRS project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 374–395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gooding, A., Seider, T., Marquine, M. J., Suarez, P., Umlauf, A., Rivera Mindt, M., … Cherner, M. (2021). Demographically-adjusted norms for the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test and Letter Number Sequencing Test in Spanish-Speaking Adults: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 324–338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, D. A., & Berg, E. A. (1948). A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl-type card-sorting problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 404–411. doi:10.1037/h0059831
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greve, K. W. (2001). The WCST-64: A standardized short-form of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 15, 228–234. doi:10.1076/clin.15.2.228.1901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haaland, K. Y., Vranes, L. F., Goodwin, J. S., & Garry, P. J. (1987). Wisconsin Card Sort Test performance in a healthy elderly population. Journal of Gerontology, 42, 345–346. doi:10.1093/geronj/42.3.345
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heaton, A., Gooding, A., Cherner, M., Umlauf, A., Franklin, D., Jr., Rivera Mindt, M., … Marquine, M. J. (2021). Demographically-adjusted norms for the Grooved Pegboard and Finger Tapping tests in Spanish-speaking adults: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 396–418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton, R. K. (1981). A manual for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Psychological assessment services. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resource, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Heaton, R. K., Chelune, G. J., Talley, J. L., Kay, G. G., & Curtis, G. (1993). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) manual revised and expanded. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Heaton, R. K., Chelune, G. H., Talley, J. L., Kay, G. G., & Curtiss, G. (2012). Test de Clasificacion de Tarjetas de Wisconsin (A. b. M. V. d. l. Cruz, Trans.). Madrid, Spain: TEA Ediciones.
   Google Scholar
• Heaton, R. K., & Thompson, L. L. (1992). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Is one deck as good as two? Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 14, 63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamalyan, L., Hussain, M. A., Diaz, M. M., Umlauf, A., Franklin, D., Jr., Cherner, M., … Marquine, M. J. (2021). Neurocognitive impairment in Spanish-speaking Latinos living with HIV in the US: Application of the Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS). The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 433–452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kongs, S. K., Thompson, L. L., Iverson, G. L., & Heaton, R. K. (2000). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64 Card Version: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psycho-logical Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Love, J. M., Greve, K. W., Sherwin, E., & Mathias, C. (2003). Comparability of the standard WCST and WCST-64 in traumatic brain injury. Applied Neuropsychology, 10, 246–251. doi:10.1207/s15324826an1004_7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marquine, M. J., Morlett Paredes, A., Madriaga, C., Blumstein, Y., Umlauf, A., Kamalyan, L., … Cherner, M. (2021). Demographically-adjusted norms for selected tests of verbal fluency: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 269–292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miranda, C., Arce Rentería, M., Fuentes, A., Coulehan, K., Arentoft, A., Byrd, D., … Rivera Mindt, M. (2016). The relative utility of three English language dominance measures in predicting the neuropsychological performance of HIV + bilingual Latino/a adults. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 30, 185–184. PMID: 26934820 doi:10.1080/13854046.2016.1139185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morlett Paredes, A., Carrasco, J., Kamalyan, L., Cherner, M., Umlauf, A., Rivera Mindt, M., … Marquine, M. J. (2021). Demographically adjusted normative data for the Halstead Category Test in a Spanish-speaking adult population: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS). The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 356–373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morlett Paredes, A., Gooding, A., Artiola I Fortuny, L., Rivera Mindt, M., Heaton, R. K., Cherner, M., & Marquine, M. J. (2021). The state of neuropsychological test norms for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 236–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, H. E. (1976). A modified card sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe defects. Cortex, 12, 313–324. doi:10.1016/S0010-9452(76)80035-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman, M. A., Moore, D. J., Taylor, M., Franklin, D., Jr., Cysique, L., Ake, C., … Group, H. (2011). Demographically corrected norms for African Americans and Caucasians on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, Stroop Color and Word Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 64-Card Version. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 33, 793–804. doi:10.1080/13803395.2011.559157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paolo, A. M., Axelrod, B. N., Troster, A. I., Blackwell, K. T., & Koller, W. C. (1996). Utility of a Wisconsin card sorting test short form in persons with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 18, 892–897. doi:10.1080/01688639608408310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proctor, A., & Zhang, J. (2008). Performance of three racial/ethnic groups on two tests of executive function: Clinical implications for traumatic brain injury (TBI). NeuroRehabilitation, 23, 529–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purdon, S. E., & Waldie, B. (2001). A short form of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 26, 253–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivera Mindt, M., Marquine, M. J., Aghvinian, M., Scott, T., Cherner, M., Morlett Paredes, A., … Heaton, R. K. (2021). Demographically-adjusted norms for the processing speed subtests of the WAIS-III in a Spanish-speaking adult population: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 293–307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royston, P., & Altman, D. G. (1994). Regression using fractional polynomials for continuous covariates: Parsimonious parametric modeling. Applied Statistics, 43, 429–467. doi:10.2307/2986270
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, C. (2013). Language Use in the United States: 2011. American Community Survey Reports. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acs-22.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Scott, T. M., Paredes, A., Taylor, M. J., Umlauf, A., Artiola i Fortuny, L., Heaton, R. K., … Rivera Mindt, M. (2021). Demographically-adjusted norms for the WAIS-R Block Design and Arithmetic subtests: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 419–432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith-Seemiller, L., Franzen, M. D., & Bowers, D. (1997). Use of Wisconsin card sorting test short forms in clinical samples. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 11, 421–427. doi:10.1080/13854049708400472
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M., & Spreen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Suarez, P., Marquine, M. J., Diaz-Santos, M., Gollan, T., Artiola I Fortuny, L., Heaton, R. K., … Cherner, M. (2021). Native Spanish-Speaker's Test Performance and the Effects of Spanish-English Bilingualism: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 453–465.
   Google Scholar
• Suarez, P., Diaz-Santos, M., Marquine, M. J., Rivera Mindt, M., Umlauf, A., Heaton, R. K., … Cherner, M. (2021). Demographically adjusted norms for the Trail Making Test in native Spanish- speakers: Results from Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 308–323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar