Demographically-adjusted norms for the WAIS-R Block Design and Arithmetic subtests: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project

References

• Buré-Reyes, A., Hidalgo-Ruzzante, N., Vilar-López, R., Gontier, J., Sánchez, L., Pérez-García, M., & Puente, A. E. (2013). Neuropsychological test performance of Spanish speakers: Is performance different across different Spanish-speaking subgroups? Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 35(4), 404–412. doi:10.1080/13803395.2013.778232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherner, M., Marquine, M. J., Umlauf, A., Rivera Mindt, M., Suárez, P., Artiola I Fortuni, L., … Heaton, R. K. (2021). Neuropsychological norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project: Methodology and sample characteristics. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 253-268.
   Google Scholar
• Choca, J. P., Krueger, K. R., De La Torre, G. G., Corral, S., & Garside, D. (2009). Demographic adjustments for the Spanish version of the WAIS-III. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24(6), 619–629. doi:10.1093/arclin/acp049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Santos, M., Suarez, P. A., Umlauf, A., Marquine, M., Rivera Mindt, M., Artiola I Fortuny, L, … the HNRC group (2021). Updated demographically adjusted norms for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised in Native Spanish speakers from the U.S.-Mexico Border Region: NP-NUMBRS Project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 374–395.
   Google Scholar
• Duggan, E., Loaiza, C., Awakon, L., Irurita, I., & Garcia-Barrera, M. (2018). Contributing towards a cultural neuropsychology assessment decision-making framework: Comparison of WAIS-IV norms from Colombia, Chile, Mexico, Spain, United States, and Canada. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 33(6), 703–794. doi:10.1093/arclin/acy074
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn, J. R. (2007). What is intelligence? Beyond the Flynn effect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Funes, C. M., Rodriguez, J. H., & Lopez, S. R. (2016). Norm comparisons of the Spanish-language and English-language WAIS-III: Implications for clinical assessment and test adaptation. Psychological Assessment, 28(12), 1709–1715. doi:10.1037/pas0000302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gooding, A., Seider, T., Marquine, M.J., Suarez, P., Umlauf, A., R., Mindt, M., … Cherner, M. (2021). Demographically-adjusted norms for the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test and Letter Number Sequencing Test in Spanish-Speaking Adults: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 324–338.
   Google Scholar
• Heaton, A. E., Gooding, A., Cherner, M., Umlauf, A., Franklin, D., R., Mindt, M., … Marquine, M. J. (2021). Demographically-adjusted norms for the Grooved Pegboard and Finger Tapping tests in Spanish-speaking adults: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 396-418.
   Google Scholar
• Heaton, R. K., Grant, I., & Matthews, C. G. (1992). Comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead-Reitan Battery: A supplement for the WAIS-R. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Kamalyan, L., Hussain, M. A., Diaz, M. M., Umlauf, A., Franklin, D. R., Cherner, M., … Marquine, M. J. (2021). Neurocognitive impairment in Spanish-speaking Latinos living with HIV in the US: Application of the Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS). The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 433–452.
   Google Scholar
• Kaufman, A. S., McLean, J. E., & Reynolds, C. R. (1988). Sex, race, residence, region, and education differences on the 11 WAIS‐R subtests. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), 231–248. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198803)44:2<231::AID-JCLP2270440224>3.0.CO;2-J
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leckliter, I. N., Matarazzo, J. D., & Silverstein, A. B. (1986). A literature review of factor analytic studies of the WAIS‐R. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42(2), 332–342. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198603)42:2<332::AID-JCLP2270420220>3.0.CO;2-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lezak, M. (1995). Neuropsychological testing. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• López, S., & Romero, A. (1988). Assessing the intellectual functioning of Spanish-speaking adults: Comparison of the EIWA and the WAIS. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 19(3), 263–270. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.19.3.263
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López, S., & Taussig, I. M. (1991). Cognitive-intellectual functioning of Spanish-speaking impaired and nonimpaired elderly: Implications for culturally sensitive assessment. Psychological Assessment, 3(3), 448–454. doi:10.1037//1040-3590.3.3.448
   Google Scholar
• Marquine, M. J., Yassai-Gonzalez, D., Perez-Tejada, A., Umlauf, A., Kamalyan, L., Suarez, P., … Heaton, R. K. (2021a). Demographically adjusted normative data for the Wisconsin Card SortingTest-64 item: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.–Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 339–355.
   Google Scholar
• Marquine, M.J., M., Paredes, A., Madriaga, C., Blumstein, Y., Umlauf, A., Kamalyan, L., … Cherner, M. (2021b). Demographically-adjusted norms for selected tests of verbal fluency: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 269–292.
   Google Scholar
• Matarazzo, J. D., Daniel, M. H., Prifitera, A., & Herman, D. O. (1988). Inter‐subtest scatter in the WAIS‐R standardization sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(6), 940–950. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198811)44:6<940::AID-JCLP2270440615>3.0.CO;2-A
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melendez, F. (1994). The Spanish version of the WAIS: Some ethical considerations. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 8(4), 388–393. doi:10.1080/13854049408402041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morlett Paredes, A., Carrasco, J., Kamalyan, L., Cherner, M., Umlauf, A., Rivera Mindt, M., … Marquine, M. J. (2021). Demographically-adjusted normative data for the Halstead Category Test in a Spanish-speaking adult population: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS). The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 356–373.
   Google Scholar
• Rivera Mindt, M., Marquine, M. J., Aghvinian, M., Scott, T. M., Cherner, M., Morlett Paredes, A., … Heaton, R. K. (2021). Demographically-adjusted norms for the processing speed subtests of the WAIS-III in a Spanish-speaking adult population: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 293–307.
   Google Scholar
• Renteria, L., Li, S. T., & Pliskin, N. H. (2008). Reliability and validity of the Spanish language Wechsler adult intelligence scale (3rd edition) in a sample of American, urban, Spanish-speaking Hispanics. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22(3), 455–470. doi:10.1080/13854040701336428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds, C. R., Chastain, R. L., Kaufman, A. S., & McLean, J. E. (1987). Demographic characteristics and IQ among adults: Analysis of the WAIS-R standardization sample as a function of the stratification variables. Journal of School Psychology, 25(4), 323–342. doi:10.1016/0022-4405(87)90035-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rönnlund, M., & Nilsson, L. G. (2006). Adult life-span patterns in WAIS-R Block Design performance: Cross-sectional versus longitudinal age gradients and relations to demographic factors. Intelligence, 34(1), 63–78. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2005.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, J. J., Sattler, J. M., & Lopez, S. J. (2000). Age effects on Wechsler adult intelligence scale-III subtests. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 15(4), 311–317. doi:10.1093/arclin/15.4.311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow, W. G., & Weinstock, J. (1990). Sex differences among non-brain-damaged adults on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales: A review of the literature. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 12(6), 873–886. doi:10.1080/01688639008401028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suárez, P., Díaz-Santos, M., Marquine, M. J., R., Mindt, M., Umlauf, A., Heaton, R. K., … Cherner, M. (2021a). Demographically adjusted norms for the Trail Making Test in native Spanish- speakers: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 308–323.
   Google Scholar
• Suárez, P., Díaz-Santos, M., Marquine, M.J., Gollan, T., Artiola, I., Fortuny, L. R., Heaton, R. K., … the HNRC group. (2021b). Native Spanish-Speaker's Test Performance and the Effects of Spanish-English Bilingualism: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(2), 453–465.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, M. J., & Heaton, R. K. (2001). Sensitivity and specificity of WAIS–III/WMS–III demographically corrected factor scores in neuropsychological assessment. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 7(7), 867–874. doi:10.1017/S1355617701777107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (2001). WAIS-III, Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler para Adultos–III. Madrid, Spain: T.E.A. Ediciones.
   Google Scholar
• Tulsky, D. S., Saklofske, D. H., Chelune, G. J., Heaton, R. K. C., Bornstein, R., Ivnik, R. J., … Ledbetter, M. F. (2003). Clinical interpretation of the WAIS-III and WMS-III. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• US Census. (2017). Hispanic Heritage Month 2017. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau.
   Google Scholar
• Vincent, K. R. (1991). Black/white IQ differences: Does age make the difference? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47(2), 266–270. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199103)47:2<266::AID-JCLP2270470213>3.0.CO;2-S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, A. J., Batchelor, J., & Shores, A. (2009). Effects of education and cultural background on performance on WAIS-III: WMS-III, WAIS-R and WMS-R measures: Systematic review. Australian Psychologist7, 44(4), 216–223. doi:10.1080/00050060902833469
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (1981). WAIS-R manual: Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised. New York, NY: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D., Green, R. F., & Martinez, J. N. (1968). Manual para la escala de inteligencia Wechsler para adultos (EIWA). San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar