4,480
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Comparing Freedom House Democracy Scores to Alternative Indices and Testing for Political Bias: Are US Allies Rated as More Democratic by Freedom House?

References

  • Banks, A. S., 1971, Cross-Polity Time-Series Data, (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
  • Banks, A. S., 1979, Cross-National Time-Series Data Archive User’s Manual, (Binghamton, NY: State University of New York at Binghamton).
  • Barbieri, K., Keshk, O. M. G. and Pollins, B. M., 2008, Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set Codebook, Version 2.01. Available at http://correlatesofwar.org (accessed 6 September 2010).
  • Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2012, Transformation Index. Available at http://www.bti-project.org/home/index.nc (accessed 15 June 2013).
  • Bollen, K. A., 1986, Political rights and political liberties in nations: An evaluation of human rights measures, 1950 to 1984. Human Rights Quarterly, 8(4), pp. 567–591.
  • Bollen, K., 1993, Liberal democracy: Validity and method factors in cross-national measures. American Journal of Political Science, 37(4), pp. 1207–1230.
  • Bollen, K. A. and Paxton, P., 1998, Detection and determinants of bias in subjective measures. American Sociological Review, 63(3), pp. 465–478.
  • Bollen, K. A. and Paxton, P., 2000, Subjective measures of liberal democracy. Comparative Political Studies, 33(1), pp. 58–86.
  • Bowman, K., Lehoucq, F. and Mahoney, J., 2005, Measuring political democracy: Case expertise, data adequacy, and Central America. Comparative Political Studies, 38(8), pp. 939–970.
  • Carothers, T., 2009, Democracy assistance: Political vs. developmental?. Journal of Democracy, 20(9), pp. 5–19.
  • Coppedge, M., Alvarez, A. and Maldonado, C., 2008, Two persistent dimensions of democracy: Contestation and inclusiveness. Journal of Politics, 70(3), pp. 632–647.
  • Coppedge, M., Gerring, J., Altman, D., Bernhard, M., Fish, S., Hicken, A., Kroenig, M., Lindberg, S., McMann, K., Paxton, P., Semetko, H., Skaaning, S., Staton, J. and Teorell, J., 2011, Conceptualizing and measuring democracy: A new approach. Perspectives on Politics, 9(2), pp. 247–267.
  • Dahl, R. A., 1971, Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition, (New Haven, CO: Yale University Press).
  • Diamond, L. J., 1999, Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation, (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press).
  • Freedom House (FH), 2008, Annual Report 2007. Available at http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/inline_images/2007.pdf (accessed 18 June 2013).
  • Freedom House (FH), 2012, Methodology, Available at http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world-2012/methodology (accessed 21 June 2013).
  • Freedom House (FH), 2013a, About Us. Available at http://www.freedomhouse.org/about-us (accessed 22 June 2013).
  • Freedom House (FH), 2013b, Our Leadership. Available at http://www.freedomhouse.org/content/our-leadership (accessed 3 June 2013).
  • Freedom House (FH), 2013c, Checklist Questions. Available at http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world-2013/checklist-questions (accessed 6 June 2013).
  • Freedom House (FH), 2013d, Freedom in the World: Aggregate and Subcategory Scores. Available at http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world-aggregate-and-subcategory-scores (accessed 29 June 2013).
  • Gastil, R. D., 1978, Freedom in the World: Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 1978, (New York: Freedom House).
  • Gastil, R. D., 1984, Introduction: Freedom in the comparative survey, in R. D. Gastil, (Ed) Freedom in the World. Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 1983–1984 (Westport, CO: Greenwood Press), pp. 3–9.
  • Gastil, R. D., 1987, The comparative survey: Criticisms and comparisons, in R. D. Gastil, (Ed) Freedom in the World. Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 1986–1987 (New York: Greenwood Press), pp. 97–96.
  • Gastil, R. D., 1989, Freedom in the World: Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 1988–1989, (New York: Freedom House).
  • Gastil, R. D., 1990, The comparative survey of freedom: Experiences and suggestions. Studies in Comparative International Development, 25(1), pp. 25–50.
  • Giannone, D., 2010, Political and ideological aspects in the measurement of democracy: The freedom house case. Democratization, 17(1), pp. 68–97.
  • Goldstein, R. J., 1992, The limitations of using quantitative data in studying human rights abuses, in T. B. Jabine and R. P. Claude (Eds) Human Rights and Statistics: Getting the Record Straight (Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press), pp. 35–61.
  • Häge, F., 2011, Choice or circumstance? Adjusting measures of foreign policy similarity for chance agreement. Political Analysis, 19(3), pp. 287–305.
  • Hartman, J. and Hsiao, W., 1988, Inequality and violence: Issues of theory and measurement in Muller. American Sociological Review, 53(5), pp. 794–799.
  • Herman, E. S. and Chomsky, N., 1988, Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media, (New York: Pantheon Books).
  • Innes De Neufville, J., 1986, Human-rights reporting as a policy tool: An examination of the state-department country reports. Human Rights Quarterly, 8(4), pp. 681–699.
  • Karatnycky, A. (Ed), 2002, Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 2001–2002, (New York: Freedom House).
  • Klein, J. P., Goertz, G. and Diehl, P. F., 2006, The new rivalry dataset: Procedures and patterns. Journal of Peace Research, 43(3), pp. 331–348.
  • Kornheiser, E. and McMahon, E., 2010, Assessing the assessors: Correlating democracy methodologies. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), pp. 269–277.
  • Kunda, Z., 1990, The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), pp. 480–498.
  • Mainwaring, S., Brinks, D. and Pérez-Liñán, A., 2001, Classifying political regimes in Latin America, 1945–1999. Studies in Comparative International Development, 36(1), pp. 37–65.
  • Marshall, M. G., Gurr, T. R. and Jaggers, K.. 2010, Polity IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800–2010. (Version 2010). Available at http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm (accessed 10 November 2011).
  • McCamant, J. F., 1981, A critique of present measures of “Human Rights Development” and an alternative, in V. P. Nanda, J. R. Scarritt and G. W. Shepherd (Eds) Global Human Rights: Public Policies, Comparative Measures, and NGO Strategies (Boulder, CA: Westview Press), pp. 123–146.
  • Munck, G. L. and Verkuilen, J., 2002, Conceptualizing and measuring democracy: Evaluating alternative indices. Comparative Political Studies, 35(1), pp. 5–34.
  • Nakayama, M. and Fujikura, R., 2001, Political bias and methodological failure in assessing environmental impacts of development projects: Comparative analysis of the high Aswan Dam and Calaca thermal power plant development projects. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 3, pp. 291–310.
  • Osipovich, A., 2008, Freedom Downgraded by US Watchdog from ‘Bad’”. The St. Petersburg Times, 18 January 2008, Available at http://www.sptimesrussia.com/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=24763 (accessed 18 June 2013).
  • Pemstein, D., Meserve, S. A. and Melton, J., 2010, Democratic compromise: A latent variable analysis of ten measures of regime type. Political Analysis, 18(4), pp. 426–449.
  • Ryan, J. D., 1995, The comparative survey of freedom, 1994-1995: Survey methodology, in: Freedom House Survey Team (Ed) Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights & Civil Liberties, 1994–1995 (New York: Freedom House), pp. 672–677.
  • Scoble, H. M. and Wiseberg, L. S., 1981, Problems of comparative reserach on human rights, in: V. P.Nanda, J. R. Scarritt, and G. W. Shepherd (Eds) Global Human Rights: Public Policies, Comparative Measures, and NGO Strategies (Boulder, CA: Westview Press), pp. 147–171.
  • Sussman, L. R., 1982, The continuing struggle for freedom of information, in: R. D. Gastil, (Ed) Freedom in the World (Westport, CT: Greenwood), pp. 101–119.
  • USAID, no date, Detailed Foreign Assistance Data. Available at http://gbk.eads.usaidallnet.gov/data/detailed.html (accessed 8 August 2011).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.