5,951
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

State or Civil Society – What Matters in Fighting COVID-19? A Comparative Analysis of Hong Kong and Singapore

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 609-626 | Received 13 Sep 2020, Accepted 06 Sep 2021, Published online: 06 Dec 2021

References

  • Aberbach, J., Putnam, R. and Rockman, B., 1981, Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press)
  • Anheier, H. K., 2004, Civil Society: Measurement, Evaluation, Policy (U.K.: Earthscan)
  • Back, H. and Hadenius, A., 2008, Democracy and state capacity: Exploring a J-shaped relationship. Governance, 21(1), 1–24. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0491.2007.00383.x
  • Béland, D., 2016, Kingdon reconsidered: Ideas, interests and institutions in comparative policy analysis. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 18(3), 228–242
  • Boin, A., 2009, The new world of crises and crisis management: Implications for policymaking and research. Review of Policy Research, 26(4), 367–377. doi:10.1111/j.1541-1338.2009.00389.x
  • Brans, M. and Pattyn, V., 2017, Validating methods for comparing public policy: Perspectives from academics and “pracademics”. Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 19(4), 303–312
  • Capano, G., Howlett, M., Darryl, S. L. J., Ramesh, M., and Goyal, N., 2020, Mobilizing policy (in)capacity to fight COVID-19: Understanding variations in state responses. Policy and Society, 39(3), 285–308. doi:10.1080/14494035.2020.1787628
  • Chan, E. Y. M., 2012, Civil society, in: W. Lam, P. L. Lui, and W. Wong (Eds) Contemporary Hong Kong Government and Politics (H.K.: Hong Kong University Press), 179–198
  • Cheung, A. B. L., 2008, The story of two administrative states: State capacity in Hong Kong and Singapore. The Pacific Review, 21(2), 121–145. doi:10.1080/09512740801990188
  • Davis, M., 2020, Making Hong Kong China (NY: Columbia University Press)
  • Douglass, M., 1994, The ‘developmental state’ and the newly industrialised economies of Asia. Environment & Planning A, 26(4), 543–566. doi:10.1068/a260543
  • Edwards, M., 2014, Civil Society (U.K.: Polity)
  • Emerson, K., Nabatchi, T., and Balogh, S., 2012, An integrative framework for collaborative governance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 22(1), 1–29. doi:10.1093/jopart/mur011
  • Evans, P. B., 1995, Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation (NJ: Princeton University Press)
  • Evans, P. B., 1997a, The eclipse of the state? Reflections on stateness in an era of globalisation. World Politics, 50(1), 62–87. doi:10.1017/S0043887100014726
  • Evans, P. B., 1997b, Government action, social capital, and development: Reviewing the evidence of synergy, in: P. B. Evans (Ed.) State-Society Synergy: Government and Social Capital in Development (Berkeley: University of Berkeley Press), 178–210
  • Evans, P. B., Rueschemeyer, D. and Skocpol, T. (Eds), 1985, Bringing the State Back In (New York: Cambridge University Press)
  • Fischer, M. and Maggetti, M., 2017, Qualitative comparative analysis and the study of policy processes. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 19(4), 345–361
  • Fong, B., 2013, State-Society conflicts under Hong Kong’s hybrid regime: Governing coalition building and civil society challenges. Asian Survey, 53(5), 854–882. doi:10.1525/as.2013.53.5.854
  • Fukuyama, F., 2013, What is governance? Governance, 26(3), 347–368. doi:10.1111/gove.12035
  • Fung, A., 2004, Empowered Participation: Reinventing Urban Democracy (NJ: Princeton University Press)
  • Gleeson, D., Legge, D., O’Neill, D. and Pfeffer, M., 2011, Negotiating tensions in developing organizational policy capacity: Comparative lessons to be drawn. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 13(3), 237–263
  • Haggard, S., 1990, Pathway from the Periphery: The Politics of Growth in the Newly Industrializing Countries (NY: Cornell University Press)
  • Hale, T., Angrist, N., Kira, B., Petherick, A., Phillips, T. and Webster, S., 2020, Variation in government responses to COVID-19. Blavatnik School of Government Working Paper, Oxford University. Available at www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/covidtracker
  • Ham, C., 2018, Strong states, weak elections? How state capacity in authoritarian regimes conditions the democratizing power of elections. International Political Science Review, 39(1), 49–66. doi:10.1177/0192512117697544
  • Haque, M. S., 2009, Public administration and public governance in Singapore, in: P. S. Kim (Ed.) Public Administration and Public Governance in ASEAN and Korea (Seoul: Daeyong Moonhwasa Publishing Company), 246–271
  • Hartley, K. and Darryl, J., 2020, Policymaking in a low-trust state: Legitimacy, state capacity, and responses to COVID-19 in Hong Kong. Policy and Society, 39(3), 403–423. doi:10.1080/14494035.2020.1783791
  • Heinrich, V. F., 2010, Civil society indicators and indexes, in: H. K. Anheier and S. Toepler (Eds) International Encyclopedia of Civil Society (NY: Springer), 376–380
  • Hendrix, C. S., 2010, Measuring state capacity: Theoretical and empirical implications for the study of civil conflict. Journal of Peace Research, 47(3), 273–285. doi:10.1177/0022343310361838
  • Hilderbrand, M. E. and Grindle, M. S., 1997, Building sustainable capacity in the public sector, in: M. S. Grindle (Ed.) Getting Good Government (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), 34–55
  • Howlett, M., Kekez, A., and Poocharoen, O., 2017, Understanding co-production as a policy tool: Integrating new public governance and comparative policy theory. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 19(5), 487–501
  • Huff, W. G., 1995, The developmental state, government, and Singapore’s economic development since 1960. World Development, 23(8), 1421–1438. doi:10.1016/0305-750X(95)00043-C
  • Johnson, C. A., 1982, MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975 (CA: Stanford University Press)
  • Kim, P. S. and Moon, M. J., 2003, NGOs as incubator of participative democracy in South Korea: Political, voluntary, and policy participation. International Journal of Public Administration, 26(5), 549–567. doi:10.1081/PAD-120019235
  • Koh, D., 2020, Migrant workers and COVID-19. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 77(9), 634–636. doi:10.1136/oemed-2020-106626
  • Lee, E. W. Y., 1999, Governing post-colonial Hong Kong: Institutional incongruity, governance crisis, and authoritarianism. Asian Survey, 39(6), pp. 940–959. doi:10.2307/3021147
  • Lee, E. W. Y. and Haque, M. S., 2006, The new public management reform and governance in Asian NICs: A comparison of Hong Kong and Singapore. Governance, 19(4), 605–626. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0491.2006.00330.x
  • Lee, F. L. F. and Chan, J. M., 2018, Media and Protest Logics in the Digital Era: The Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong (NY: Oxford University Press)
  • Li, W. and Wong, W., 2019, Advocacy coalitions, policy stability, and policy change in China: The case of birth control policy, 1980-2015. Policy Studies Journal, 48(3), 645–671. doi:10.1111/psj.12329
  • Liu, Z. and Geva-May, I., 2021, Comparative public policy analysis of COVID-19 as a naturally occurring experiment. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 23(2), 131–142
  • Ma, N., 2007, Political Development in Hong Kong (H.K.: Hong Kong University Press)
  • Migdal, J., 1988, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (N.J., Princeton: Princeton University Press)
  • Migdal, J., 2001, State in Society (NY: Cambridge University Press)
  • Moon, M. J., 2020, Fighting COVID-19 with agility, transparency, and participation: Wicked policy problems and new governance challenges. Public Administration Review, 80(4), 651–656. doi:10.1111/puar.13214
  • Moon, M. J. and Ingraham, P., 1998, Shaping administrative reform and governance: An examination of the political nexus triads in three Asian countries. Governance, 11(1), 77–100. doi:10.1111/0952-1895.581998058
  • Ney, S., 2012, Making sense of the global health crisis: Policy narratives, conflict, and global health governance. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 37(2), 253–294. doi:10.1215/03616878-1538620
  • Nohrstedt, D., 2008, The politics of crisis policymaking: Chernobyl and Swedish nuclear energy policy. The Policy Studies Journal, 36(2), 257–278. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.2008.00265.x
  • Ortmann, S., 2015, Political change and civil society coalitions in Singapore. Government and Opposition, 50(1), 119–139. doi:10.1017/gov.2013.41
  • Ostrom, E., 1997, Crossing the great divide: Co-production, synergy, and development, in: P. B. Evans (Ed.) State-Society Synergy: Government and Social Capital in Development (Berkeley: University of Berkeley Press), 85–118
  • Perry, M., Kong, L. and Yeoh, B., 1997, Singapore: A Developmental City State (Chichester: John Wiley and Sons)
  • Peters, G. B. and Pierre, J., 1998, Governance without government? Rethinking public administration. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 8(2), 223–243. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024379
  • Peters, G. B. and Pierre, J. (Eds), 2004, The Politicisation of the Civil Service in Comparative Perspective: A Quest for Control (NY: Routledge)
  • Pierson, P., 1993, When effect becomes cause: Policy feedback and political change. World Politics, 45(4), 595–628. doi:10.2307/2950710
  • Pierson, P., 1994, Dismantling the Welfare State? (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
  • Putnam, R., 1993, Making Democracy Work (NJ: Princeton University Press)
  • Quah, D., 2020, Singapore’s policy response to COVID-19, in: S. Agarwal, Z. He and B. Yeung (Eds.) Impact of COVID-19 on Asian Economies and Policy Responses (Singapore: World Scientific), 79–88
  • Radin, B. A. and Weimer, D. L., 2018, Compared to what? The multiple meanings of comparative policy analysis. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 20(1), 56–71
  • Rodan, G., 2003, Embracing electronic media but suppressing civil society: Authoritarian consolidation in Singapore. The Pacific Review, 16(4), 503–524. doi:10.1080/0951274032000132236
  • Romzek, B. S. and Dubnick, M. J., 1987, Accountability in the public sector: Lessons from the challenger tragedy. Public Administration Review, 47(3), 227–238. doi:10.2307/975901
  • Sabatier, P., 1988, An advocacy coalition model of policy change and the role of policy-oriented learning therein. Policy Sciences, 21(2–3), 129–168. doi:10.1007/BF00136406
  • Schwartz, F., 2003, What is civil society, in: F. J. Schwartz and S. J. Pharr (Eds) The State of Civil Society in Japan (NY: Cambridge University Press), 23–41
  • Scott, I., 2000, The disarticulation of Hong Kong’s post-handover political system. The China Journal, 43(Jan), 29–53
  • Sellers, J. M., 2011, State-Society relations, in: M. Bevir (Ed.) The Sage Handbook of Governance (CA: Sage), 124–141
  • Skocpol, T., 2004, Diminished Democracy (OK: University of Oklahoma Press)
  • Skocpol, T. and Finegold, K., 1982, State capacity and economic intervention in the early new deal. Political Science Quarterly, 97(2), 255–278. doi:10.2307/2149478
  • Tan, K. P., 2012, The ideology of pragmatism: Neo-liberal globalisation and political authoritarianism in Singapore. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 42(1), 67–92. doi:10.1080/00472336.2012.634644
  • Tan, K. P., 2018, Singapore: Identity, Brand, Power (NY: Cambridge University Press)
  • Van de Walle, S. and Brans, M., 2018, Where comparative public administration and comparative policy studies meet. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 20(1), 101–113
  • Weiss, L. and Hobson, J., 1995, States and Economic Development: A Comparative Historical Analysis (Cambridge, MA: Polity)
  • Wong, C. M. L. and Jensen, O., 2020, The paradox of trust: Perceived risk and public compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore. Journal of Risk Research, 23(7–8), 1021–1030. doi:10.1080/13669877.2020.1756386
  • Wong, W., 2013, The search for a model of public administration reform in Hong Kong: Weberian Bureaucracy, NPM or something else? Public Administration and Development, 33(3), 297–310. doi:10.1002/pad.1653
  • Wong, W., 2021, When the state fails, bureaucrats and civil society step up: Analysing policy capacity with political nexus triads in the policy responses of Hong Kong to COVID-19. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 1–15. doi:10.1080/17516234.2021.1894314
  • Wong, W. and Welch, E., 1998, Public administration in a global context: Bridging the gaps of theory and practice between Western and Non-Western nations. Public Administration Review, 58(1), 40–50. doi:10.2307/976888
  • Woo, J., 2021, Pandemic, politics and pandemonium: Political capacity and Singapore’s response to the COVID-19 crisis. Policy Design and Practice, 4(1), 77–93
  • Woo, J. J., 2018, The Evolution of the Asian Developmental State: Hong Kong and Singapore (London: Routledge)
  • Woo, J. J., 2020, Policy capacity and Singapore’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Policy and Society, 39(3), 345–362. doi:10.1080/14494035.2020.1783789
  • Woo-Cumings, M., 1999, The Developmental State (Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press)
  • Wu, A. M. and Zhu, L., 2020, Contact tracing: China’s health code offers some lessons. The Business Times, 16 July.
  • Wu, X., Ramesh, M., and Howlett, M., 2015, Policy capacity: A conceptual framework for understanding policy competencies and capacities. Policy and Society, 34(3–4), 165–171. doi:10.1016/j.polsoc.2015.09.001