Advances in phytochemical and modern pharmacological research of Rhizoma Corydalis

References

• Campbell NRC, Lackland DT, Liu LS, Niebylski ML, Nilsson PM, Zhang XH. 2015. Using the global burden of disease study to assist development of nation-specific fact sheets to promote prevention and control of hypertension and reduction in dietary salt: a resource from the world hypertension league. J Clin Hypertens. 17(3):165–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao GF, Zhang YG, Zhu L, Zhu J, Zhao N, Dong N, Dang YH, Chen YJ, Chen T. 2018. The inhibitory effect of levo-tetrahydropalmatine on the methamphetamine-induced spatial memory impairment in mice. Neurosci Lett. 672:34–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang CK, Lin MT. 2001. DL-Tetrahydropalmatine may act through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats. Neurosci Lett. 307(3):163–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen JX, Lu XG, Lu CH, Wang CY, Xu HZ, Xu XL, Gou HX, Zhu B, Du WC. 2016. 13-Methyl-palmatrubine induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep. 36(5):2526–2534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng XY, Shi Y, Zheng SL, Sun H, Jin W. 2008. Studies on chemical constituents in the anti-myocardial ischemia effective fraction of Corydalis yanhusuo. Chin Med Mat. 31:1656–1658.
   Google Scholar
• Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission (CPC). 2015. Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China. Vol. 1. Beijing (China): Medical Science Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chueh FY, Hsieh MT, Chen CF, Lin MT. 1995. DL-Tetrahydropalmatine-produced hypotension and bradycardia in rats through the inhibition of central nervous dopaminergic mechanisms. Pharmacology. 51(4):237–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crofford LJ. 2010. Adverse effects of chronic opioid therapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 6(4):191–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui BB, Yang J, Wang ZB, Wu CC, Dong HR, Ren YX, Yang CJ. 2018. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of 10 alkaloids in beagle dog plasma after the oral administration of the Corydalis yanhusuo WT Wang extract and Yuanhuzhitong tablets. Molecules. 23(8):1925.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai DZ, Yu F, Li HT, Tang Y, An LF, Huang WL, Peng SX, Hao XM, Zhou BA, Hu CH. 1996. Blockade on sodium, potassium, and calcium channels by a new antiarrhythmic agent CPU 86017. Drug Dev Res. 39(2):138–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du WJ, Jin LS, Li LP, Wang W, Zeng S, Jiang HD, Zhou H. 2018. Development and validation of a HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of fourteen alkaloids in mouse plasma after oral administration of the extract of Corydalis yanhusuo tuber: application to pharmacokinetic study. Molecules. 23(4):714.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng ZL, Zhao ZD, Liu JX. 2018. Research progress on chemical components and pharmacological effects of Corydalis yanhusuo. Nat Prod Res Dev. 11:2000–2008.
   Google Scholar
• Gao F, Gao E, Yue TL, Ohlstein EH, Lopez BL, Christopher TA, Ma XL. 2002. Nitric oxide mediates the antiapoptotic effect of insulin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion: the roles of PI3-kinase, Akt, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation. Circulation. 105(12):1497–1502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge YC, Wang KW. 2018. New analogues of aporphine alkaloids. Mini-Rev Med Chem. 18(19):1590–1602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottesman MM. 2002. Mechanisms of cancer drug resistance. Annu Rev Med. 53(1):615–627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo JD, Zhang GZ, He XM, Duan HL, Cai LE. 2000. Effects of dehydrocorydaline on cAMP mass of concentration in rabbit platelets. J Beihua Univ. 1:312–313.
   Google Scholar
• Guo ZG, Man YY, Wang XY, Jin H, Sun XF, Su XJ, Hao JH, Mi WD. 2014. levo-Tetrahydropalmatine attenuates oxaliplatin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. Sci Rep. 4:1–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han Y, Zhang W, Tang Y, Bai WL, Yang F, Xie LP, Li XZ, Zhou SM, Pan SY, Chen Q, et al. 2012. l-Tetrahydropalmatine, an active component of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang, protects against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. PLoS One. 7(6):e38627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He B, Kang Q, Yang J, Shang J, He T, Zhou Q. 2005. Correlation between antitumor activity of berberine and the inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signal pathway. Chinese Pharmacol Bull. 21:1108.
   Google Scholar
• He XF, Zhang J, Zhang M. 2017. Research progress on chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and toxic side effects of Rhizoma corydalis. Shanghai J Trad Chinese Med. 11:97–100.
   Google Scholar
• Henkes H, Franz M, Kendall O, Monroe J, Legaspi A, LeDoux J, Haese C, Williams D, McCall S, Johnson AD, et al. 2011. Evaluation of the anxiolytic properties of tetrahydropalmatine, a Corydalis yanhusuo compound, in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. Aana J. 79(4 Suppl):S75–S80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hu TT, Zhang X, Ma SZ, Cheng YY, Yao XS. 2009. Chemical constituents from Corydalis yanhusuo. China J Chin Mater Med. 34:1917–1920.
   Google Scholar
• Hu Y, Qiu YY, Zhong YN, He HL. 2006. Therapeutic effects of rotundine combined with methadone in treatment of heroin dependence. Chin J Drug Abuse Preve Treat. 12:270–271.
   Google Scholar
• Hwang JM, Kuo HC, Tseng TH, Liu JY, Chu CY. 2006. Berberine induces apoptosis through a mitochondria/caspases pathway in human hepatoma cells. Arch Toxicol. 80(2):62–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishiguro K, Ando T, Maeda O, Watanabe O, Goto H. 2011. Dehydrocorydaline inhibits elevated mitochondrial membrane potential in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol. 11(9):1362–1367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JH, Ryu YB, Lee WS, Kim YH. 2014. Neuraminidase inhibitory activities of quaternary isoquinoline alkaloids from Corydalis turtschaninovii rhizome. Bioorg Med Chem. 22(21):6047–6052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubo M, Matsuda H, Tokuoka K, Ma S, Shiomoto H. 1994. Anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extract and alkaloidal components from Corydalis tuber. Biol Pharm Bull. 17(2):262–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei Y, Tan J, Wink M, Ma YG, Li N, Su GN. 2013. An isoquinoline alkaloid from the Chinese herbal plant Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang inhibits P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associate protein 1. Food Chem. 136(3-4):1117–1121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letasiova S, Jantova S, Cipak L, Muckova M. 2006. Berberine-antiproliferative activity in vitro and induction of apoptosis/necrosis of the U937 and B16 cells. Cancer Lett. 239:254–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung WC, Zheng H, Huen M, Law SL, Xue H. 2003. Anxiolytic-like action of orally administered dl-tetrahydropalmatine in elevated plus-maze. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 27(5):775–779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li B, Xu X, Wang X, Yu H, Li X, Tao W, Wang Y, Yang L. 2012. A systems biology approach to understanding the mechanisms of action of Chinese herbs for treatment of cardiovascular disease. Int J Mol Sci. 13(12):13501–13520.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li CH, Chen C, Zhang Q, Tan CN, Hu YJ, Li P, Wan JB, Feng G, Xia ZN, Yang FQ. 2016. Differential proteomic analysis of platelets suggested target-related proteins in rabbit platelets treated with Rhizoma Corydalis. Pharm Biol. 55:1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li JP, Wu CZ, Yue W, Liu HZ, Gu FG. 2016. Research progress in berberine’s new clinical purpose and new formulation. J Chin Pharm. 27:3154–3158.
   Google Scholar
• Li WF, Huang HM, Zhang YM, Fan T, Liu X, Xing W, Niu XF. 2013. Anti-inflammatory effect of tetrahydrocoptisine from Corydalis impatiens is a function of possible inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages through inhibiting NF-κB activation and MAPK pathway. Eur J Pharmacol. 715(1-3):62–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Xu C, Zhang Q, Liu JY, Tan RX. 2005. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori action of 30 Chinese herbal medicines used to treat ulcer diseases. J Ethnopharmacol. 98(3):329–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin CC, Ng LT, Hsu FF, Shieh DE, Chiang LC. 2004. Cytotoxic effects of Coptis chinensis and Epimedium sagittatum extracts and their major constituents (Berberine, Coptisine and Icariin) on hepatoma and leukaemia cell growth. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 31(1–2):65–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin MT, Wang JJ, Young MS. 2002. The protective effect of dl-tetrahydropalmatine against the development of amygdala kindling seizures in rats. Neurosci Lett. 320(3):113–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling HY, Wu LM, Li LD. 2006. Corydalis yanhusuo rhizoma extract reduces infarct size and improves heart function during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion by inhibiting apoptosis in rats. Phytother Res. 20(6):448–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu B, Yang GT. 2004. Effects of L-tetrahydropalmatine on the expressions of bcl-2 and bax in rat after acute global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol Med Sci. 24(5):445–448.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu ZH, Wang RW, He HH, Jiang XZ, Ye JF, Zeng S, Hu JQ. 2013. Water-soluble non-alkaloid chemical constituents contained in Corydalis yanhusuo by trimethylsilyl derivatization GC-MS. Chin J Chin Mater Med. 03:35–38.
   Google Scholar
• Lu CM. 2011. Research progress on chemical components and pharmacological activities of Corydalis yanhusuo. Chin J Mod Drug App. 5:126–127.
   Google Scholar
• Luo LM. 2016. Effect of tetrahydropalmatine on diastolic and systolic ratio in rabbits. Chin J App Physiol. 32:228–229.
   Google Scholar
• Ma ZZ, Xu W, Jensen NH, Roth BL, Liu-Chen LY, Lee D. 2008. Isoquinoline alkaloids isolated from Corydalis yanhusuo and their binding affinities at the dopamine D1 receptor. Molecules. 13(9):2303–2312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantsch JR, Li SJ, Risinger R, Awad S, Katz E, Baker DA, Yang Z. 2007. Levo-tetrahydropalmatine attenuates cocaine self-administration and cocaine-induced reinstatement in rats. Psychopharmacology. 192(4):581–591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao XW, Pan CS, Huang P, Liu YY, Wang CS, Yan L, Hu BH, Chang X, He K, Mu HN, et al. 2015. levo-Tetrahydropalmatine attenuates mouse blood-brain barrier injury induced by focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion: involvement of Src kinase. Sci Rep. 5(1):11155.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mi GY, Gao YY, Yan H, Jin X, Ye EM, Liu S, Gong ZH, Yang HJ, Yang Z. 2016. l-Scoulerine attenuates behavioural changes induced by methamphetamine in zebrafish and mice. Behav Brain Res. 298:97–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min Q, Bai YT, Shu SJ. 2001. Protective effects of dl-tetrahydropalmatine on experimental myocardial necrosis by isoprenaline in rat. Acta Chin Med Pharmacol. 4:40–45.
   Google Scholar
• Min Q, Bai YT, Shu SJ, Ren P. 2006. Protective effect of dl-tetrahydropalmatine on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. China Chin Mater Med. 31:483–484.
   Google Scholar
• Oh Y-C, Choi J-G, Lee Y-S, Brice O-O, Lee S-C, Kwak H-S, Byun Y-H, Kang O-H, Rho J-R, Shin D-W, et al. 2010. Tetrahydropalmatine inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells. J Med Food. 13(5):1125–1132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng PL, Hsieh YS, Wang CJ, Hsu JL, Chou FP. 2006. Inhibitory effect of berberine on the invasion of human lung cancer cells via decreased productions of urokinase-plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase-2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 214(1):8–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulsinelli WA, Brierley JB, Plum F. 1982. Temporal profile of neuronal damage in a model of transient forebrain ischemia. Ann Neurol. 11(5):491–498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu ZC, Chen YX, Zhou RL. 2009. Comparative study between Rhizoma Corydalis processing with vinegar and cleansing Rhizoma Corydalis in anti-inflammatory effect and analgesic effect. Progr Moder Biomed. 9:4518–4521.
   Google Scholar
• Qu Z, Zhang J, Yang H, Huo L, Gao J, Chen H, Gao W. 2016. Protective effect of tetrahydropalmatine against d-galactose induced memory impairment in rat. Physiol Behav. 154:114–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi JM, Han WL, Ye WC, Chen XQ, Wang YT, Zhang QW. 2011. Phytochemical investigation of Corydalis yanhusuo. Nat Prod Res Dev. 04:647–651.
   Google Scholar
• Still PC, Yi B, González-Cestari TF, Pan L, Pavlovicz RE, Chai H-B, Ninh TN, Li C, Soejarto DD, McKay DB, et al. 2013. Alkaloids from Microcos paniculata with cytotoxic and nicotinic receptor antagonistic activities. J Nat Prod. 76(2):243–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun GG, Shih JH, Chiou SH, Hong CJ, Lu SW, Pao LH. 2016. Chinese herbal medicines promote hippocampal neuroproliferation, reduce stress hormone levels, inhibit apoptosis, and improve behavior in chronically stressed mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 193:159–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun MQ, Liu JX, Lin CG, Miao L, Lin L. 2014. Alkaloid profiling of the traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma corydalis using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Acta Pharm Sin B. 4(3):208–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan CN, Zhang Q, Li CH, Fan JJ, Yang FQ, Hu YJ, Hu G. 2019. Potential target-related proteins in rabbit platelets treated with active monomers dehydrocorydaline and canadine from Rhizoma Corydalis. Phytomedicine. 54:231–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao YW, Tian GY. 2006. Studies on the physicochemical properties, structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharide YhPS‐1 from the root of Cordalis yanhusuo Wang. Chin J Chem. 24(2):235–239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong SQ, Yan JZ, Lou JZ. 2005. Preparative isolation and purification of alkaloids from Corydalis yanhusuo WT Wang by high speed counter-current chromatography. J Liq Chromatogr R T. 28(18):2979–2989.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsang CM, Lau EP, Di K, Cheung PY, Hau PM, Ching YP, Wong YC, Cheung AL, Wan TS, Tong Y, et al. 2009. Berberine inhibits Rho GTPases and cell migration at low doses but induces G2 arrest and apoptosis at high doses in human cancer cells. Int J Mol Med. 24(1):131–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan L, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Gao GY, Zhang SL, Gao Y, Chen XF, Qian XP. 2019. Alkaloid extract of Corydalis yanhusuo inhibits angiogenesis via targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling. BMC Complem Altern M. 19:359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Wang SW, Fan GR, Zou HF. 2010. Screening of antinociceptive components in Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem. 396(5):1731–1740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang HX, Ng TB. 2001. Examination of lectins, polysaccharopeptide, polysaccharide, alkaloid, coumarin and trypsin inhibitors for inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and glycohydrolases. Planta Med. 67(7):669–672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Wang L, Lou GH, Zeng HR, Hu J, Huang QW, Peng W, Yang XB. 2019. A comprehensive review of its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology, pharmacology and toxicology. Pharm Biol. 57(1):193–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang JF, Liang LS, Zhang QY, Li XG, Fu ZJ. 2013. Preclinical pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion studies of a potential analgesics–corydaline using an ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B. 942:70–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang LE, Zhang Y, Wang ZW, Gong N, Kweon TD, Vo B, Wang CR, Zhang XL, Chung JY, Alachkar A, et al. 2016. The antinociceptive properties of the Corydalis yanhusuo extract. PLoS One. 11(9):e0162875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang T, Cao XB, Sun CM, Sun SG. 2003. Experimental study of protective effect of l-tetrahydropalmatine on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Chin J Rehabilitation. 3:135–138.
   Google Scholar
• Wang X, Zhao R, Zhang H, Zhou M, Zhang M, Qiao T. 2018. levo-Tetrahydropalmatine attenuates progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm in an elastase perfusion rat model via suppression of matrix metalloproteinase and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Med Sci Monit. 24:652–660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Li DX. 1987. Anti-arrhythmic action of l-tetrahydropalmatine. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 8(4):337–340.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wangchuk P, Keller PA, Pyne SG, Sastraruji T, Taweechotipatr M, Rattanajak R, Tonsomboon A, Kamchonwongpaisan S. 2012. Phytochemical and biological activity studies of the Bhutanese medicinal plant Corydalis crispa. Nat Prod Commun. 7(5):575–580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wangchuk P, Keller PA, Pyne SG, Willis AC, Kamchonwongpaisan S. 2012. Antimalarial alkaloids from a Bhutanese traditional medicinal plant Corydalis dubia. J Ethnopharmacol. 143(1):310–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei XD, Shen HL, Wang LJ, Meng QY, Liu WJ. 2016. Analyses of total alkaloid extract of Corydalis yanhusuo by comprehensive RP × RP liquid chromatography with pH difference. J Anal Methods Chem. 2016:1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen CP, Wu LM, Ling HY, Li LD. 2007. Salutary effects of Corydalis yanhusuo extract on cardiac hypertrophy due to pressure overload in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 59(8):1159–1165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood PB. 2008. Role of central dopamine in pain and analgesia. Expert Rev Neurother. 8(5):781–797.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Woolf CJ. 2010. What is this thing called pain? J Clin Invest. 120(11):3742–3744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu GS, Qian ZM, Guo JJ, Hu DJ, Bao JL, Xie J, Xu WS, Lu JJ, Chen XP, Wang YT. 2012. Ganoderma lucidum extract induces G1 cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Am J Chin Med. 40(03):631–642.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu HW, Wang P, Liu MT, Tang LY, Fang J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Li DF, Xu HY, Yang HJ. 2015. A 1H-NMR-based metabonomic study on the anti-depressive effect of the total alkaloid of Corydalis Rhizoma. Molecules. 20(6):10047–10064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu LM, Ling HY, Li LD, Jiang LX, He ML. 2007. Beneficial effects of the extract from Corydalis yanhusuo in rats with heart failure following myocardial infarction. J Pharm Pharmacol. 59(5):695–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu XS, Xu J, Zhang XM, Zhang TJ, Chen CQ. 2015. Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Yuanhu Zhitong Prescrip. Chin Tradit Herbal Drugs. 07:1081–1095.
   Google Scholar
• Xi ZX, Yang Z, Li SJ, Li X, Dillon C, Peng XQ, Spiller K, Gardner EL. 2007. levo-Tetrahydropalmatine inhibits cocaine’s rewarding effects: experiments with self-administration and brain-stimulation reward in rats. Neuropharmacology. 53(6):771–782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao HT, Peng J, Liang Y, Yang J, Bai X, Hao XY, Yang FM, Sun QY. 2011. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Corydalis yanhusuo. Nat Prod Res. 25(15):1418–1422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu JY, Bai WF, Qiu CK, Tu P, Yu SY, Luo SY. 2015. Effect of Corydalis yanhusuo and l-THP on gastrointestinal dopamine system in morphine-dependent rats. J Chin Med Mater. 38:2568–2572.
   Google Scholar
• Xu W, Wang YJ, Ma ZZ, Chiu YT, Huang P, Rasakham K, Unterwald E, Lee DYW, Liu-Chen LY. 2013. l-Isocorypalmine reduces behavioral sensitization and rewarding effects of cocaine in mice by acting on dopamine receptors. Drug Alcohol Depend. 133(2):693–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu ZT, Chen XP, Fu S, Bao JL, Dang YY, Huang MQ, Chen LD, Wang YT. 2012. Dehydrocorydaline inhibits breast cancer cells proliferation by inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Am J Chin Med. 40(01):177–185.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang BR, Yu N, Deng YH, Hoi PM, Yang B, Liu GY, Cong WH, Lee S. 2015. L-Tetrahydropalamatine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion through downregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 involving suppression of nuclear factor-κ B signaling pathway. Chin J Integr Med. 21:361–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang G, Jiang C, Tang Y, Wang P. 2000. Effects of l-tetrahydropalmatine on neuron apoptosis during acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion of rats. J Tongji Med Univ. 20:106–108.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang Z, Shao YC, Li SJ, Qi JL, Zhang MJ, Hao W, Jin GZ. 2008. Medication of l-tetrahydropalmatine significantly ameliorates opiate craving and increases the abstinence rate in heroin users: a pilot study. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 29(7):781–788.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu J, Piao BK, Pei YX, Qi X, Hua BJ. 2010. Protective effects of tetrahydropalmatine against gamma-radiation induced damage to human endothelial cells. Life Sci. 87(1–2):55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu XC, Yang W, Wu BL, Yang YX, Li CY. 2014. Predication of anti-diabetes effects of Corydalis yanhusuo alkaloids with pharmacological network technology and experimental validation in ICR Mice. Chin Pharm J. 87:55–63.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan CS, Mehendale SR, Wang CZ, Aung HH, Jiang T, Guan X, Shoyama Y. 2004. Effects of Corydalis yanhusuo and Angelicae dahuricae on cold pressor-induced pain in humans: a controlled trial. J Clin Pharmacol. 44(11):1323–1327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang MY, Liu YP, Zhang LY, Yue DM, Qi DY, Liu GJ, Liu S. 2015. levo-Tetrahydropalmatine attenuates bone cancer pain by inhibiting microglial cells activation. Mediators Inflamm. 2015:1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Q, Chen C, Wang FQ, Li CH, Zhang QH, Hu YJ, Xia ZN, Yang FQ. 2016. Simultaneous screening and analysis of antiplatelet aggregation active alkaloids from Rhizoma Corydalis. Pharm Biol. 54(12):3113–3120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang XK, Zhang S, Yang Q, Cao W, Xie YH, Qiu PC, Wang SW. 2015. Simultaneous quantitative determination of 12 active components in Yuanhu Zhitong prescription by RP-HPLC coupled with photodiode array detection. Phcog Mag. 11:61.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang XL. 2008. Review on research progress of chemical constituents of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang [Master thesis]. Shenyang: Shenyang Pharmaceutical University.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang XL, Cao GX, Yu HX, Jin J. 2005. Reversal effect of tetrahydropalmatine on multidrug resistance of human breast cancer cells MCF-7. Pharmacol Clin Chin Mater Med. 21:19–21.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Sha R, Wang K, Li H, Yan B, Zhou N. 2018. Protective effects of tetrahydropalmatine against ketamine-induced learning and memory injury via antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in mice. Mol Med Rep. 17(5):6873–6880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao J. 2015. Effects of simulated microgravity and tetrahydropalmatine on apoptosis in malignant glioma cell line U251MG and its mechanism [Doctoral thesis]. Xi’an The Fourth Military Medical University.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Gao JL, Ji JW, Gao M, Yin QS, Qiu QL, Wang C, Chen SZ, Xu J, Liang RS, et al. 2014. Cytotoxicity enhancement in MDA-MB-231 cells by the combination treatment of tetrahydropalmatine and berberine derived from Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 3(2):68–72.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zheng XJ, Zheng WL, Zhou JJ, Gao X, Liu ZH, Han N, Yin J. 2018. Study on the discrimination between Corydalis Rhizoma and its adulterants based on HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS associated with chemometric analysis. J Chromatogr B. 1090:110–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou JB, Peng G, Li J, Jia YC, Wang J, Nie S, Zhang QY. 2016. Anticancer activity of tetrahydrocorysamine against pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line PANC-1 in vitro and in vivo. Trop J Pharm Res. 15(1):141–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Q. 2012. Review on research progress of chemical constituents of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang and the chemical characteristic expression of the herbal medicine characteristic system [Master thesis]. Beijing: Peking Union Medical College.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou Q, Deng AJ, Qin HL. 2012. Two new quaternary protoberberine alkaloids from Corydalis yanhusuo. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 14(5):476–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou ZY, Zhao WR, Shi WT, Xiao Y, Ma ZL, Xue JG, Zhang LQ, Ye Q, Chen XL, Tang JY. 2019. Endothelial-dependent and independent vascular relaxation effect of tetrahydropalmatine on rat aorta. Front Pharmacol. 10:336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar