Borich needs model analysis of extension agents’ competence on climate smart agricultural initiatives in South West Nigeria

References

• Afful, D. B. 2016. “Public Extension Agents’ Need for New Competencies: Evidence From a Climate Variability Study in Limpopo Province, South Africa.” South African Journal of Agricultural Extension 44 (2): 59–70.
   Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I., and M. Fishbein. 1980. Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behaviour. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Ale, A. B., E. C. Okogbue, and S. D. Y. Alfred. 2016. “Information Needs of Extension Agents in Climate Change Management.” Climate Change 2 (6): 110–119.
   Google Scholar
• Alibaygi, A., and K. Zarafshani. 2008. “Training Needs of Iranian Extension Agents About Sustainability: The Use of Borich’s Needs Assessment Model.” African Journal of Agricultural Research 3 (10): 681–687. http://www.academicjournals.org/ajar/pdf/pdf%202008/Oct/Alibaygi%20and%20Zarafshani.pdf.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA). 2014. Africa Agriculture Status Report: Climate Change and Smallholder Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa. Nairobi: Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Ayansina, S. O. 2011. “Farmers Perception of Public and Private Extension Services in South Western Nigeria.” An unpublished Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin. 225 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Barrick, R. K., M. M. Samy, T. G. Roberts, A. C. Thoron, and R. G. Easterly III. 2011. “Assessment of Egyptian Agricultural Technical School Instructors’ Ability to Implement Experiential Learning Activities.” Journal of Agricultural Education 52 (3): 6–15. doi: 10.5032/jae.2011.03006
   Google Scholar
• Black, M. K. 2014. “Perceptions of Agricultural Extension Agents’ Inservice Training Needs Within the National Agency for Rural Development in the Republic of Moldova.” A thesis.
   Google Scholar
• Borich, G. D. 1980. “A Needs Assessment Model for Conducting Follow-Up Studies.” Journal of Teacher Education 31 (3): 39–42. doi: 10.1177/002248718003100310
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyatzis, R. E. 1982. The Competent Manager: A Model for Effective Performance. Toronto: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Braimoh, A., N. Morgan, and F. Le Gall. 2013. Potential Impact of Climate Change on Resilience and Livelihoods in Mixed Crop-Livestock Systems. Agriculture and Environmental Services Note 2. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Conklin, N. L., L. L. Hook, B. J. Kelbaugh, and R. D. Nieto. 2003. “Identifying Training Needs of Extension Personnel: A Comprehensive Model.” Proceeding of the 19th Annual Conference of the Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 148–159. https://www.aiaee.org/attachments/article/1223/Conklin148.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Dooley, K. E., and J. R. Lindner. 2002. “Competencies for the Distance Education Professional: A Self-Assessment to Document Professional Growth.” Journal of Agricultural Education 43 (1): 24–35. doi: 10.5032/jae.2002.01024
   Google Scholar
• Edeoghon, C. O., and B. O. Idele. 2012. “Extension Agents’ Perception of Factors Affecting Dissemination of Improved Farm Technologies in Adpsouth Zone of Edo State, Nigeria.” Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment 8 (3): 62–66.
   Google Scholar
• Elhamoly, A. I., M. A. Koledoye, and G. F. Kamel. 2014. “Assessment of Training Needs for Egyptian Extension Specialists (SMSs) in Organic Farming Field: Use of the Borich Needs Model.” Journal of Agricultural & Food Information 15 (3): 180–190. doi: 10.1080/10496505.2014.921110
   Google Scholar
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2010. World Food Programme Joint Mission, Special Report: Evaluation of the Harvest and Food Security in Haiti, September 21, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2013. Communication for Development. http://www.fao.org/oek/oek-what-we-do/communication-for-development/en/.
   Google Scholar
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2014. The State of Food Insecurity in the World: Strengthening the Enabling Environment for Food Security and Nutrition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Garrity, D. P., F. K. Akinnifesi, O. C. Ajayi, S. G. Weldesemayat, J. G. Mowo, A. Kalinganire, M. Larwanou, and J. Bayala. 2010. “Evergreen Agriculture: A Robust Approach to Sustainable Food Security in Africa.” Food Sec 2: 197–214. doi: 10.1007/s12571-010-0070-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goli, I., M. C. Langerodi, and I. Shahbazi. 2013. “Modeling the Educational Needs of the Rice Cultivating Women in Sari, a Township of Mazandaran Province, Using Borich’s Model.” International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 6 (10): 583.
   Google Scholar
• Gombe, S., T. Suandi, I. A. Ismail, and Z. Omar. 2015. “Extension Worker Competencies Needed for Effective Management of Self-Help Groups (SHG) in Gombe State.” International Journal of Education and Training 1 (1): 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Graham, D. 2001. “ Are we Preparing the Society Ready Graduates?” Proceedings of the 28th Annual National Education Research Conference, New Orleans, LA, 269–281.
   Google Scholar
• Harder, A., W. Ganpat, A. Moore, R. Strong, and J. R. Lindner. 2013. “An Assessment of Extension Officers’ Self-Perceived Programming Competencies in Selected Caribbean Countries.” Journal of International Agricultural Extension Education 20 (1): 33–46.
   Google Scholar
• Harder, A., A. Lamm, and R. Strong. 2009. “An Analysis of the Priority Needs of Cooperative Extension at the Country Level.” Journal of Agricultural Education 50 (3): 11–21. doi: 10.5032/jae.2009.03011
   Google Scholar
• Heale, R., and A. Twycross. 2015. “Validity and Reliability in Quantitative Studies.” Evidence-based Nursing 18 (3): 66–67. doi: 10.1136/eb-2015-102129
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ICAR. 2017. Report of the Fifth Deans Committee on Agricultural Education in India. New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research. http://www.icar.org.in/files/FifthDeansCommiteeReport-22022017.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ifeanyi-Obi, C. C., U. R. Etuk, and O. Jike-Wai. 2012. “Climate Change, Effects and Adaptation Strategies; Implication for Agricultural Extension System in Nigeria.” Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2 (2): 53–60. doi: 10.15580/GJAS.2013.3.1234
   Google Scholar
• Issahaku, A. 2014. “Perceived Competencies of Agriculture Extension Workers in Extension Services Delivery in Northern Region of Ghana, Perspective From Literature.” Developing Country Studies 4 (15): 107–114.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, L. T. 2004. “ Academia and Industry Perspectives on Leadership and Human Resource Development Competencies Required for Agricultural Leadership Graduate Students Pursuing Industry Careers.” Unpublished doctoral diss., University of Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Khali, O., A. Hassan, M. Ismail, T. Suandi, and A. D. Silong. 2008. “Extension Worker as a Leader to Farmers: Influence of Extension Leadership Competencies and Organisational Commitment on Extension Workers’ Performance in Yemen.” Journal of International Social Research 1 (4): 368–387.
   Google Scholar
• Kuder, G. F., and M. W. Richardson. 1937. “The Theory of the Estimation of Test Reliability.” Psychometrika 2 (3): 151–160. doi: 10.1007/BF02288391
   Google Scholar
• Lakai, D., K. S. U. Jayarante, G. E. Moore, and M. J. Kistler. 2014. “Identification of Current Proficiency Level of Extension Competencies and the Competencies Needed for Extension Agents to be Successful in the 21st Century.” Journal of Extension and Human Sciences 2 (1): 71–89.
   Google Scholar
• Lopokoiyit, M., C. Onyango, and J. K. Kibett. 2013. “Extension Management Competency Needs of Agricultural Extension Agents in Kenya.” Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 4 (6): 11.
   Google Scholar
• Lu, C., and L. Miller. 2002. “Instructional Technology Competencies Perceived as Needed by Vocational Teachers in Ohio and Taiwan.” Journal of Vocational Education Research 27 (3): 319–329. doi: 10.5328/JVER27.3.319
   Google Scholar
• Madden, T. J., P. S. Ellen, and I. Ajzen. 1992. “A Comparison of the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Theory of Reasoned Action.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 18 (1): 3–9. doi: 10.1177/0146167292181001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mccarthy, N., P. Winters, A. M. Linares, and T. Essam. 2012. Indicators to Assess the Effectiveness of Climate Change Projects. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Movahedi, R., and U. J. Nagel. 2012. “Identifying Required Competencies for the Agricultural Extension and Education Undergraduates.” Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology 14 (4): 727–742.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudukuti, A. E., and L. Miller. 2002. “Factors Related to Zimbabwe Women’s Educational Needs in Agriculture.” Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 9 (2): 47–53.
   Google Scholar
• Mulder, M. 2012. “Competence-based Education and Training.” Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 18 (3): 305–314. doi: 10.1080/1389224X.2012.670048
   Google Scholar
• Mulder, M. 2014. “Conceptions of Professional Competence.” In International Handbook of Research in Professional and Practice-Based Learning, edited by S. Billett, C. Harteis, and H. Gruber, 107–137. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Mustapha, S. B., U. C. Undiandeye, and M. M. Gwary. 2012. “The Role of Extension in Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change in the Sahelian Zone of Nigeria.” Journal of Environment and Earth Science 2 (6): 48–58.
   Google Scholar
• Nicholas, O., and C. Nnaji. 2011. “The Role of Extension in Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change.” Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development 3 (3): 42–50.
   Google Scholar
• Oladele, O. I. 2009. “Job Burnout and Coping Strategies among Extension Agents in South Western Nigeria.” South African Journal of Agricultural Extension 38 (1): 15–23.
   Google Scholar
• Oladele, O. I. 2015. “Borich Needs Model Analysis of Professional Competence Among Extension Officers in North West Province, South Africa.” Journal of Agricultural & Food Information 16 (2): 151–162. doi: 10.1080/10496505.2015.1013110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olorunfemi, O. D., and O. I. Oladele. 2018. “Knowledge of Extension Agents Regarding Professionalization of Extension Services: Evidence From South West Nigeria.” Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 25 (3): 33–50. doi: 10.5191/jiaee.2018.25303
   Google Scholar
• Onwuatudo, C. 2017. “Competence Needs of Extension Agents for Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change in Anambra State, Nigeria.” Doctoral diss.
   Google Scholar
• Otieno, O., S. Liyala, B. Odongo, and S. Abeka. 2016. “Theory of Reasoned Action as an Underpinning to Technological Innovation Adoption Studies.” World Journal of Computer Application and Technology 4 (1): 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Ramesh, P., D. Thammi Raju, K. M. Reddy, P. Krishnan, A. Biswas, and T. Umamaheshwari. 2019. “Perception of Teaching Competencies by Administrators, Faculty and Students of Indian Agricultural Universities: An Assessment of Faculty Training Needs.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 25 (4): 1–23. doi: 10.1080/1389224X.2019.1609997
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, T. V. 2000. Human Resource Development – Concept and Background, Human Resources Development: Experiences, Interventions and Strategies. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Rasheed, S. V., V. Sreeram, and M. Nimisha. 2018. Agricultural Extension Curricula in India: Is it Relevant to Changing Times? AESA Working Paper 2018-004.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, T. G., W. G. Ganpat, L. Narine, S. B. Heinert, and M. T. Rodriguez. 2015. “Trinidad Food Producers’ Training Needs for Food Security and Implications for Extension.” Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 22 (1): 7–20.
   Google Scholar
• Rodrigues, L. L. R., and A. M. Chincholkar. 2005. “Benchmarking the HR Practices of an Engineering Institute with Public Sector Industry for Performance Enhancement.” International Journal of Training and Development 9 (1): 6–20. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-3736.2005.00218.x
   Google Scholar
• Rothwell, W. J., J. Arneson, and J. Naughton. 2013. ASTD Competency Study: The Training & Development Profession Redefined. Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development.
   Google Scholar
• Sala, S., F. Rossi, and S. David. 2016. Supporting Agricultural Extension Towards Climate-Smart Agriculture An Overview of Existing Tools. http://www.fao.org/3/a-bl361e.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Stocker, B. D., R. Roth, F. Joos, R. Spahni, M. Steinacher, S. Zaehle, L. Bouwman, and I. C. Prentice. 2013. “Multiple Greenhouse-Gas Feedbacks from the Land Biosphere Under Future Climate Change Scenarios.” Nature Climate Change 3 (7): 666–672. doi: 10.1038/nclimate1864
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suvedi, M., R. Ghimire, and T. Channa. 2018. “Examination of Core Competencies of Agricultural Development Professionals in Cambodia.” Evaluation and Program Planning 67: 89–96. doi: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2017.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarekegne, C., R. Wesselink, H. J. Biemans, and M. Mulder. 2017. “Developing and Validating a Competence Profile for Development Agents: An Ethiopian Case Study.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 23 (5): 427–441. doi: 10.1080/1389224X.2017.1368400
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terdoo, F., and O. Adekola. 2014. “Assessing the Role of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Combating Climate Change, Desertification and Improving Rural Livelihood in Northern Nigeria.” African Journal of Agricultural Research 9 (15): 1180–1191. doi: 10.5897/AJAR2013.7665
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization. 2002. UNIDO Competencies. http://www.unido.org.
   Google Scholar
• Vichita, V., and T. Jintawee. 2007. “Competency Requirements for Effective job Performance in Thai Public Sector.” Contemporary Management Research 3 (1): 45.
   Google Scholar
• Wasihun, B. N., J. A. Kwarteng, and E. L. Okorley. 2013. “Professional and Technical Competencies of Extension Agents as Perceived by Male and Female Farmers and the Extension Agents Themselves: The Need for Data Source Triangulation.” Journal of Agriculture and Biodiversity Research 2 (1): 11–16.
   Google Scholar
• Wollenberg, E. K., B. M. Campbell, P. Holmgren, F. Seymour, L. M. Sibanda, and J. V. Braun. 2011. Actions Needed to Halt Deforestation and Promote Climate-Smart Agriculture. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/10233/ccafs_brief04_web.pdf?sequence=6.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2012. Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils. World Bank Report Number 67395-GLB. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar