304
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Long term average speech spectra of Turkish

&
Pages 101-105 | Received 22 Jan 2017, Accepted 05 Sep 2017, Published online: 18 Sep 2017

References

  • Byrne D, Dillon H, Tran K, et al. An international comparison of long‐term average speech spectra. J Acoustic Soc Am 1994;96:2108–20.
  • Master S, De Biase N, Chiari BM, Laukkanen AM. Acoustic and perceptual analyses of Brazilian male actors’ and nonactors’ voices: long-term average spectrum and the “actor’s formant”. J Voice 2008;22:146–54.
  • McCullough JA, Tu C, Lew H. Speech-spectrum analysis of Mandarin: implications for hearing-aid fittings in a multi-ethnic society. J Am Acad Audiol 1993;4:50–2.
  • Sergeant DC, Welch GF. Gender differences in long-term average spectra of children’s singing voices. J Voice 2009;23:319–36.
  • Mendoza E, Valencia N, Muñoz J, Trujillo H. Differences in voice quality between men and women: use of the long-term average spectrum (LTAS). J Voice 1996;10:59–66.
  • Cox RM, Moore JN. Composite speech spectrum for hearing and gain prescriptions. J Speech Hear Res 1988;31:102–7.
  • Lofqvist A. The long-time-average spectrum as a tool in voice research. J Phonet 1986;14:471–5.
  • Master S, Biase N, Pedrosa V, Chiari BM. The long-term average spectrum in research and in the clinical practice of speech therapists. Pró-Fono Rev Atualização Cient 2006;18:111–20.
  • Pittam J, Millar BM. The long term spectrum of voice. Australian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology; 1988; Sydney.
  • Kinnunen T, Hautamäki V, Fränti P, eds. On the use of long-term average spectrum in automatic speaker recognition. 5th International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing (ISCSLP’06); 2006; Singapore.
  • Leino T. Long-term average spectrum in screening of voice quality in speech: untrained male university students. J Voice 2009;23:671–6.
  • Dehqan A, Ansari H, Bakhtiar M. Objective voice analysis of Iranian speakers with normal voices. J Voice 2010;24:161–7.
  • da Silva PT, Master S, Andreoni S, et al. Acoustic and long-term average spectrum measures to detect vocal aging in women. J Voice 2011;25:411–9.
  • Johnson AM, Kempster GB. Classification of the classical male singing voice using long-term average spectrum. J Voice 2011;25:538–43.
  • Moradi N, Maroufi N, Bijankhan M, et al. Long-term average spectra of adult Iranian speakers’ voice. J Voice 2014;28:305–10.
  • Kitzing P. LTAS criteria pertinent to the measurement of voice quality. J Phonet 1986;14:477–82.
  • Ramirez J, Segura JC, Benitez C, et al. Efficient voice activity detection algorithms using long-term speech information. Speech Commun 2004;42:271–87.
  • Humes LE, Dirks DD, Bell TS, et al. Application of the Articulation Index and the Speech Transmission Index to the recognition of speech by normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. J Speech Lang Hear Res 1986;29:447–62.
  • White P. Long-term average spectrum (LTAS) analysis of sex- and gender-related differences in children’s voices. Logoped Phonatr Vocol 2001;26:97–101.
  • Linville SE, Rens J. Vocal tract resonance analysis of aging voice using long-term average spectra. J Voice 2001;15:323–30.
  • Sundberg J. The singer’s formant revisited. Voice 1995;4:106–19.
  • Noh H, Lee D-H. Cross-language identification of long-term average speech spectra in Korean and English: toward a better understanding of the quantitative difference between two languages. Ear Hear 2012;33:441–3.
  • Abushibab I. Morphological and lexical contrastive analysis of Turkish and English. Glob J Hum Soc Sci 2012;12:25–34.
  • Hillenbrand JM. Acoustic analysis of voice: a tutorial. SIG 5 Perspect Speech Sci Orofac Disord 2011;21:31–43.
  • Hirano M, Hibi S, Yoshida T, et al. Acoustic analysis of pathological voice. Some results of clinical application. Acta Oto-Laryngol 1988;105:432–8.
  • Sundberg J, Ternström PW, Gramming P. Long-term-average spectrum analysis of phonatory effects of noise and filtered auditory feedback. STL-QPSR 1987.
  • Lofqvist A, Mandersson B. Long-time average spectrum of speech and voice analysis. Folia Phoniatr 1987;39:221–9.
  • Boersma P, Weenink D. Praat, a system for doing phonetics by computer; 2001.
  • Cleveland TF, Sundberg J, Stone RE. Long-term-average spectrum characteristics of country singers during speaking and singing. J Voice 2001;15:54–60.
  • Ng ML, Liu H, Zhao Q, Lam PK. Long-term average spectral characteristics of Cantonese alaryngeal speech. Auris Nasus Larynx 2009;36:571–7.
  • Sundberg J, Nordenberg M. Effects of vocal loudness variation on spectrum balance as reflected by the alpha measure of long-term-average spectra of speech. J Acoust Soc Am 2006;120:453–7.
  • Nordenberg M, Sundberg J. Effect on LTAS of vocal loudness variation. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol 2004;29:183–91.
  • Maddieson I. Consonant–vowel ratio. In: The world atlas of language structures online [Internet]. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. 2013. Available from: http://wals.info/chapter/3 [last accessed 7 Jun 2017].
  • Fogerty D, Kewley-Port D, Humes LE. The relative importance of consonant and vowel segments to the recognition of words and sentences: effects of age and hearing loss. J Acoustic Soc Am 2012;132:1667–78.
  • Dreschler WA, Verschuure H, Ludvigsen C, Westermann S. ICRA noises: artificial noise signals with speech-like spectral and temporal properties for hearing instrument assessment. International Collegium for Rehabilitative Audiology. Audiology 2001;40:148–57.
  • Holube I, Fredelake S, Vlaming M, Kollmeier B. Development and analysis of an International Speech Test Signal (ISTS). Int J Audiol 2010;49:891–903.
  • Demirhan E, Unsal EM, Yilmaz C, Ertan E. Acoustic voice analysis of young Turkish speakers. J Voice 2016;30:378.e21–5.
  • Gelfer MP, Mikos VA. The relative contributions of speaking fundamental frequency and formant frequencies to gender identification based on isolated vowels. J Voice 2005;19:544–54.
  • Takefuta Y, Jancosek E, Brunt M, eds. A statistical analysis of melody curves in the intonation of American English. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences; 1972.
  • Seikel JA, King DW, Drumright DG. Anatomy & physiology for speech, language, and hearing. New York (NY): Cengage Learning; 2009.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.