REFERENCES
- de Ajuriaguerra J, Jaeggi A, Guignard F, Kocher F, Maquard M, Roth S, Schmid E. The development and prognosis of dysphasia in children. In: Morehead DM, Morehead AE (eds.). Normal and deficient child language. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, 1976: 345–85.
- Angermaier MJW. Psycholinguistischer Entwicklungs-test (PET), 2nd edition. Weinheim: Beltz, 1977 German version of the ‘‘Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities’’ (ITPA; Kirk, S.A. et al. ).
- Aram DM, Nation JE. Preschool language disorders and subsequent language and academic difficulties. J Commun Disord 1980; 13: 159–70.
- Aram DM, Ekelman BL, Nation JE. Preschoolers with language disorders: 10 years later. J Speech Hear Res 1984; 27: 232–44.
- Baker L, Cantwell DP. A prospective psychiatric follow-up of children with speech/language disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1987; 26: 546–53.
- Bashir AS, Scavuzzo A. Children with language disorders. Natural history and academic success. J Learn Disabil 1992; 25: 53–65.
- Beitchman JH, Brownlie EB, Inglis A, Wild J, et al. Seven-year follow-up of speech/language-impaired and control children: speech/language stability and outcome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1994; 33: 1322–30.
- Bishop DVM. The biological basis of specific language impairment. In: Fletcher P, Hall D (eds.). Speech and language disorders in children. London: Whurr, 1992: 2–17.
- Bishop DVM, Adams C. A prospective study of the relationship between specific language impairment, phonological disorders and reading retardation. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1990; 31: 1027–50.
- Bishop DVM, Edmundson A. Language-impaired 4-year-olds: distinguishing transient from persistent impairment. J Speech Hear Disord 1987; 52: 156–73.
- Bishop DVM, North T, Donlan C. Genetic basis of specific language impairment. Evidence from a twin study. Dev Med Child Neurol 1995; 21: 321–38.
- Cantwell DP, Baker L, Mattison RE. Psychiatric disorders in children with speech and language retardation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980; 37: 423–6.
- Catts HW. Defining dyslexia as a developmental language disorder. Ann Dyslexia 1989; 39: 50–64.
- Chomsky N. Language and mind. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1968.
- Fischel JE. Infant intervention: an examination of methods and efficacy. In: Whitehurst GJ (ed.). Annals of Child Development, vol. 2. Greenwich CT: JAI Press, 1985: 161–93.
- Garvey M, Gordon N. A follow-up study of children with disorders of speech development. Br J Disord Commun 1973; 8: 17–28.
- Goorhuis-Brouwer SM, Wijnberg-Williams BJ. Specifity of specific language impairment. Folia Phoniatr Logopaed 1996; 48: 269–74.
- Gopnik M, Crago MB. Familial aggregation of a developmental language disorder. Cognition 1991; 39: 1–50.
- Graham NC. Memory constraints in language deficiency. In: Jones FM (ed.). Language disability in children. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, 1980: 69–94.
- Griffiths C. A follow-up study of children with disorders of speech development. Br J Disord Commun 1969; 4: 46–56.
- Grimm H. Developmental dysphasia. New theoretical perspectives and empirical results. Ger J Psychol 1987; 11: 8–22.
- Grimm H, Scho¨ ler H. Heidelberger Sprachentwicklungs-test (HSET), 2nd edition. Go¨ ttingen: Hogrefe, 1991.
- Hall PK, Tomblin JB. A follow-up study of children with articulation and language disorders. J Speech Hear Disord 1978; 43: 227–41.
- Johnston JR, Schery TK. The use of grammatical morphemes by children with communication disorders. In: Morehead DM, Morehead AE (eds.). Normal and deficient child language. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, 1976: 239–58.
- King RR, Jones C, Lasky E. In retrospect: a fifteen-year follow-up report of speech–language-disordered children. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 1982; 13: 24–32.
- Kirk SA, McCarthy JJ, Kirk WD. Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1968.
- Klackenberg G. What happens to children with retarded speech at 3? Longitudinal study of a sample of normal infants up to twenty years of age. Acta Paediatr Scand 1980; 69: 681–5.
- Lahey M, Edwards J. Specific language impairment: preliminary investigation of factors associated with familiy history and with patterns of language performance. J Speech Hear Res 1995; 38: 643–57.
- Lenneberg E. Biological foundations of language. New York: Wiley, 1967.
- Leonard LB, Sabbadini L, Leonard JS, Volterra V. Specific language impairment in children: a crosslinguistic study. Brain Lang 1987; 32: 233–52.
- Magnusson E, Naucle´r K. Reading and spelling in language disordered children. Linguistic and metalinguistic prerequisites. Clin Linguist Phon 1990; 4: 49–61.
- Neils J, Aram D. Family history of children with developmental language disorders. Percept Mot Skills 1986; 63: 655–8.
- Padget SY. Speech- and language-impaired three and four years-old: a five year follow-up study. In: Masland RL, Masland MW (eds.). Preschool prevention of reading failure. Parkton, MD: York, 1988: 52–77.
- Raven JC. Coloured Progressive Matrices. London: Lewis, 1976.
- Rice ML. Social consequences of specific language impairment. In: Grimm H, Skowronek H (eds.). Language acquisition problems and reading disorders: aspects of diagnosis and intervention. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1993: 111–28.
- Rissman M, Curtiss S, Tallal P. School placement outcomes of young language impaired children. J Speech Lang Pathol Audiol 1990; 14: 49–58.
- Rutter M, Mawhood L. The long-term psychological sequelae of specific developmental disorders of speech and language. In: Rutter M (ed.). Biological risk factors for psychosocial disorders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
- SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT User’s Guide, Version 6, 4th edition. Cary: SAS Institute, 1989.
- Scaborough HS. Very early language deficits in dyslexic children. Child Dev 1990; 61: 1728–43.
- Scaborough HS, Dobrich W. Development of children with early language delay. J Speech Hear Res 1990; 33: 70–83.
- Schakib-Ekbatan K, Scho¨ ler H. Zur Persistenz von Sprachentwicklungsto¨ rungen: ein 10ja¨hriger La¨ngsschnitt neun spezifisch sprachentwicklungsgesto¨ rter Kinder. Heilpa¨d Forsch 1995; XXI: 77–84.
- Schmidtke A, Schaller S, Becker P. RAVEN-Matrizen-Test, Coloured Progressive Matrices, 2nd edition. Weinheim: Beltz, 1980 [German version].
- Shear PK, Tallal P, Delis DC. Verbal learning and memory in language impaired children. Neuropsychologica 1992; 30: 451–8.
- Silva PA, Williams S, McGee R. A longitudinal study of children with developmental language delay at age three: later intelligence, reading and behaviour problems. Dev Med Child Neurol 1987; 29: 630–40.
- Stark RE, Bernstein LE, Condino R, Bender M, Tallal P, Catts H. Four-year follow-up study of language impaired children. Ann Dyslexia 1984; 34: 49–68.
- Stevenson J, Richman N, Graham P. Behaviour problems and language disabilities at three years and behavioural deviance at eight years. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1985; 26: 215–30.
- Tallal P, Ross R, Curtiss S. Familial aggregation in specific language impairment. J Speech Hear Disord 1989; 54: 167–73.
- Weiner PS. The perceptual level functioning of dysphasic children: a follow-up study. J Speech Hear Res 1972; 15: 423–38.
- Weiner PS. A language delayed child at adolescence. J Speech Hear Disord 1974; 39: 202–12.
- Wolpaw T, Nation JE, Aram DM. Developmental language disorders: a follow-up study. Ill Speech Hear J 1976; 12: 14–8.