Advanced search
Publication Cover
Journal of Psychology in Africa Volume 16, 2006 - Issue 1
Submit an article Journal homepage
278
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Traditional Healing as Indigenous Knowledge: Its Relevance to HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa and the Implications for Counselors

Lisa Lopez LeversDuquesne UniversityCorrespondence[email protected]
, Ph.D.
Pages 87-100 | Published online: 01 May 2014

References

  • Adunga, G. (1996). The dynamics of knowledge systems vs. sustainable development: A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4(2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.nuffics.nl/ciran/ikdm/
  • African Development Forum. (2000). Theme 1 ADF Document: HIV/AIDS and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.uneca.org/adf2000/theme1.htm
  • Agrawal, A. (1995). Indigenous and scientific knowledge: some critical comments. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 3(3). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.nuffics.nl/ciran/ikdm/
  • Agrawal, A. (1996). A response to certain comments: A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4(2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.nuffics.nl/ciran/ikdm/
  • AIDS Control and Prevention (AIDSCAP) Program. (1999). Behavior change-a summary of four major theories. Arlington, VA: Family Health International, Behavioral Research Unit. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.fhi.org/en/aids/aidscap/aidspubs/behres/bcr4theo.html
  • AIDS Foundation South Africa. (2005). Poverty. Retrieved May 29, 2006, from http://www.aids.org.za/hiv.htm
  • Beebe, J. (2001). Rapid assessment process: An introduction. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira.
  • Benfer, R.A., & Furbee, L. (1996). Can indigenous knowledge be brokered without scientific understanding of the community structure and distribution of that knowledge? A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4(2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.nuffics.nl/ciran/ikdm/
  • Bloom, H. (1995). The Lucifer principle: A scientific expedition into the Forces of history. New York: The Atlantic Monthly Press.
  • Brookfield, M. (1996). Indigenous knowledge: A long history and an uncertain future: A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4(2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.nuffics.nl/ciran/ikdm/
  • Brouwer, C.N.M., Lok, C.L., Wolffers, I., & Sebagalls, S. (2000). Psychosocial and economic aspects of HIV/AIDS and counseling of caretakers of HIV-infected children in Uganda. AIDS Care, 12, 535–540.
  • Brown, P.J., & Inhorn, M. C. (1990). Disease, ecology, and human behavior. In T.M. Johnson & C.F. Sargent (Eds.), Medical anthropology (pp. 187–214). New York: Praeger Publishers.
  • Caplan, A.L., Engelhardt, H.T., & McCartney, J.J. (Eds.). (1981). Concepts of health and disease. Reading, MA: AddisonWesley Publishing Company.
  • Chavunduka, G.L. (1984). The Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers Association (ZINATHA). Harare, Zimbabwe: ZINATHA.
  • Chavunduka, G.L. (1986). The organisation of traditional medicine In Zimbabwe. In M. Last & G.L. Chavunduka (Eds.), The professionalisation of African medicine (pp. 29–49). Manchester, England: Manchester University Press in association with the International African Institute [International African Seminars New Series, no. 1].
  • Chilisa, B. (2005). Educational research within postcolonial Africa: A critique of HIV/AIDS research in Botswana. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 18, 659–684.
  • Cohen, B., & Trussell, J. (Eds.). (1996). Preventing and mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
  • Comaroff, J. (1978). Medicine and culture: Some anthropological perspectives. Social Science and Medicine, 12B, 247–254.
  • Comaroff, J. (1980). Healing and the cultural order: The case of the Baralongboo Ratshidi of southern Africa. American Ethnologist, 7, 637–657.
  • Comaroff, J. (1982). Medicine: Symbol and ideology. In D. Wright & A. Treacher (Eds.), The problem of medical knowledge: Examining the social construction of medicine (pp.4968). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Copson, R.W. (2001, May 14). AIDS in Africa. Congressional Research Service Issue Brief for Congress (CRS Publication No. IB10050, pp. 1–12). Washington, D.C.: The National Council for Science and the Environment.
  • Dale, J., Shipman, C., Lacock, L., & Davies, M. (1996). Creating a shared vision of out of Hours care: Using rapid appraisal methods to create an interagency, community oriented, approach to service development. British Medical Journal, 312, pp. 1206–1211.
  • Daniel, E.V. (1996). Crushed glass, or, is there a counterpoint to culture? In E.V. Daniel and J.M. Peck (Eds.), Culture/contexture: Explorations in anthropology and literary studies (pp. 357–375). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Denzin, N.K. (1989). Interpretive interactionism. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Denzin, N.K. (1994). The art and politics of interpretation. In N.K. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 500–515). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Dillon-Malone, C. (1988). Mutumwa Nchimi healers and wizardry beliefs in Zambia. Social Science and Medicine, 26, 1159–1172.
  • Dingaka Tsa Setso Association. (2000). The constitution of the Dingaka Tsa Setso Association. Gaborone, Republic of Botswana: Author.
  • Dressler, W.W. (1990). Culture, stress, and disease. In T.M. Johnson & C.F. Sargent (Eds.), Medical anthropology (pp. 248–268). New York: Praeger Publishers.
  • Dwyer, M. (1996). Communication and transfer between different knowledge systems: A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4(2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.nuffics.nl/ciran/ikdm/
  • Edgerton, R.B. (1980). Traditional treatment for mental illness in Africa: A review. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 4, 167189.
  • Feierman, S. (1985). Struggles for control: The social roots of health and healing in modern Africa. African Studies Review, 28(2/3), 73–147.
  • Feyerabend, P. (1975/1993). Against method. London: Verso.
  • Foucault, M. (1980a). Archaeology of knowledge. Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1980b). Power/Knowledge. Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (2001). Power. New York: New Press.
  • Freeman, M., & Motsei, M. (1992). Planning health care in South Africa—is there a role for traditional healers? Social Science and Medicine, 34, 1183–1190.
  • Freudenberger, K. S. (1998). Tree and land tenure rapid appraisal methods. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.fao.org/docrep/T1700E/t1700e00.htm#Contents
  • Gay, D. (1993). Disease in Lesotho: Perception and prevalence. A report prepared for the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health, Government of Lesotho, under the sponsorship of the European Community.
  • Gay, J., & Gill, D. (1993). Health in Lesotho: A development profile. A report prepared for the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health, Government of Lesotho, under the sponsorship of the European Community.
  • Geertz, C. (1979). Interpretation of cultures. New York: Basic Books.
  • Geertz, C. (1983). Local knowledge: Further essays in interpretive anthropology. New York: Basic Books.
  • Gelfand, M., Mavi, S., Drummond, R.B., & Ndamara, B. (1985). The traditional medical practitioner in Zimbabwe: His principles of practice and pharmacopoeia. Gwelo, Zimbabwe: Mambo Press.
  • Giarelli, (1996). Broadening the debate: The Tharaka participatory action research project: A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4(2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.nuffics.nl/ciran/ikdm/
  • Gilman, S.L. (1982). Seeing the insane. New York: Wiley and Brunner/Mazel.
  • Gilman, S.L. (1985). Difference and pathology: Stereotypes of sexuality, race, and madness. New York: Wiley and Brunner/Mazel.
  • Görgen, H., & Schmidt-Ehry, B. (2004). The concept of the district health system (DHS). In H. Görgen, T. Kirsch-Woik, & B. Schmidt-Ehry (Eds.), The district health system: Experiences and prospects in Africa, pp. 27–46. Wiesbaden, Germany: Universum Verlagsanstalt GmbH KG. Available: http://www.comminit.com/africa/materials/ma2004/materials-1932.html
  • Green, E.C. (1989). Mystical black power: The calling to divinermediumship in southern Africa. In C.S. McClain (Ed.), Women as healers: Crosscultural perspectives (pp. 186200). New Jersey: Rutgers University.
  • Green, E.C. (1992). Sexually transmitted disease, ethnomedicine and health policy in Africa. Social Science and Medicine, 35, 121–130.
  • Green, E.C., & Makhubu, L. (1984). Traditional healers in Swaziland: Toward improved cooperation between the traditional and modern health sectors. Social Science and Medicine, 18, 1071–1079.
  • Grenier, L. (1998). Working with indigenous knowledge: A guide for researchers. Ottawa, Canada: Learning Research and Development Center.
  • Guba, E.G., & Lincoln, Y.S. (1989). Fourth generation evaluation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Guba, E.G., & Lincoln, Y.S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In Handbook of qualitative research, ed. by N.K. Denzin and Y.S. Lincoln, pp. 105–117. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Harding, S. (1997). Is modern science an ethnoscience? Rethinking epistemological assumptions. In E. C. Eze (Ed.), Postcolonial African philosophy (pp. 44–70). Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Huberman, A.M., & Miles, M.B. 1994. Data management and analysis methods. In N.K. Denzin and Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 428–444). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Incerpi, F. (1996). Western knowledge vs. indigenous knowledge or knowledge for action? A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4(2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.nuffics.nl/ciran/ikdm/
  • International Labour Office. (2000). HIV/AIDS: A threat to decent work, productivity and development. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
  • Janzen, J.M. (1992). Ngoma: Discourses of healing in central and southern Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Kleinman, A. (1977a). Editorial: Explaining the efficacy of indigenous therapies: The need for interdisciplinary research. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 1, 133–134.
  • Kleinman, A. (1977b). Editorial: Why this new journal? Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 1, 3–7.
  • Kleinman, A. (1986). Social origins of distress and disease: Depression and neurasthenia in modern China. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Kruger, D. (1981). An introduction to phenomenological psychology. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
  • Kuhn, T.S. (1970). The structure of scientific revolutions (2nd ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Kumar, K. (1993). An overview of rapid appraisal methods In development settings. In K. Kumar (Ed.), Rapid appraisal methods (pp. 8–22). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Regional and Sectoral Studies.
  • Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Langendijk, M.A.M. (1996). Incorporating local knowledge into development action: A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4(2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.nuffics.nl/ciran/ikdm/
  • Last, M. (1990). Professionalization of indigenous healers. In T.M. Johnson & C.F. Sargent (Eds.), Medical anthropology (pp. 349–366). New York: Praeger Publishers.
  • LeBeau, D.L. (1999). Seeking health: The hierarchy of resort in utilization patterns of traditional and western medicine in multi-cultural Katutura, Namibia. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Rhodes University, Republic of South Africa.
  • Leonard, K.L. (2001, May). African traditional healers: The economics of healing. IK Notes, No. 32. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINDKNOWLEDGE/Resources/iknt32.pdf
  • Letsie, T.K. (1992). National policies and attitudes towards traditional medicine. Paper delivered at the Conference on Ethnomedicine and Health in the SADCC Region, 26–30 October 1992, Maseru, Lesotho.
  • Letsie, T.K. (1994). Unpublished Project Proposal. Practical Involvement of Traditional Health Practitioners in AIDS Prevention. Presented to Ministry of Health, Government of Lesotho for potential funding.
  • Levers, L.L. (1997). Cross-cultural training in southern Africa: A call for psychoecological pluralism. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 21, 249–277.
  • Levers, L.L. (1999). Designing counselor education in a developing context: A prospectus for a southern African regional counselor training and resource center. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 1(1), 26 pp. Retrieved May 29, 2006, from http://www.jsdafrica.com/Jsda/Winter%201999/articlespdf/ARC-designing%20counselor%20education.pdf
  • Levers L.L. (2001). Representations of psychiatric disability in fifty years of Hollywood film: An ethnographic content analysis. Theory and Science Pedagogy, 2(2), 26 pp. Retrieved May 29, 2006, from http://theoryandscience.icaap.org/content/vol002.002/lopezlevers.html
  • Levers, L.L. (2002). Northern Namibian teachers on the effects of violence, poverty, and privation on young children's development: School-based countermeasures. Journal of Children and Poverty, 8(1), 5–44.
  • Levers, L.L. (2003). The Consultative Workshop as a Qualitative Method of Inquiry: The Case of Teachers and Counselors Working with AIDS Orphans in Botswana. The 15th Ethnographic and Qualitative Research 2003 Annual Conference. Retrieved May 29, 2006, from http://www.education.duq.edu/institutes/PDF/papers2003/Levers1.pdf
  • Levers, L.L. (2006). Identifying psychoeducational HIV/AIDS interventions In Botswana: Focus groups and related rapid assessment Methods. In C. Fischer (Ed.), Qualitative research methods for psychological professions, (pp. 377–410). New York: Elsevier Press/Academic Press.
  • Levers, L.L., & Maki, D.R. (1994). An ethnographic analysis of traditional healing and rehabilitation services in southern Africa: Crosscultural implications. A report prepared for the World Rehabilitation Fund, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, U.S. Department of Education. Stillwater, OK: National Clearing House for Rehabilitation Training Materials, Oklahoma State University.
  • Levers, L.L., & Maki, D.R. (1995). African indigenous healing, cosmology, and existential implications: Toward a philosophy of ethnorehabilitation. Rehabilitation Education, 9, 127145.
  • Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. 1985. Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Longino, H. E. (1990). Science as social knowledge. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Loewenson, R., & Whiteside, A. (1997). Social and economic issues of HIV/AIDS in southern Africa. A consultancy report prepared for SafAIDS, Harare. SafAIDS Occassional Paper Series No. 2. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.iaen.org/impact/sfaids1.pdf
  • Lyon, M.L. (1993). Psychoneuroimmunology: The problem of the situatedness of illness and the conceptualization of healing. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 17, 77–97.
  • Merriam, S.B. (1988). Case study research in education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Ministry of Health, Botswana, AIDS/STD Unit. (1997). Botswana HIV and AIDS: Second medium term plan. Gaborone, Republic of Botswana: Author.
  • Moch, S.D. (1989). Health within illness: Conceptual evolution and practice possibilities. Advances in Nursing Science, 11(4), 23–31.
  • Moodley, R. (2005). Shamanic performances: Healing through magic and the supernatural. In R. Moodley, & W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (pp. 2–14). London: Sage.
  • Mpofu, E. (2003). Conduct disorder: Presentation, treatment options and cultural efficacy in an African setting. International Journal of Disability, Community and Rehabilitation, 2, 1. Retrieved 22 December 2005, from http://www.ijdcr.ca/VOL02_01_CAN/articles/mpofu.shtml.
  • Mudimbe, V.Y. (1988). The invention of Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Mudimbe, V.Y. (1994). The idea of Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Mwinyimbegu, K.S. (1996). Research and training directed toward the conservation of IK: The training of local people: A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4(2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.nuffics.nl/ciran/ikdm/
  • Ngubane, H. (1992). Clinical practice and organization of indigenous healers in South Africa. In S. Feierman & J. M. Janzen (Eds.), The social basis of health and healing in Africa (pp. 366–375). Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Nicanor, N. (2002, July 19). You'll be pleased to know that Moureen is dead. Namibian, p. 6–7.
  • Oppong, A.C.K. (1989). Healers in transition. Social Science and Medicine, 28, 605–612.
  • Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Phillips, D.R., & Verhasselt, Y. (1994). Health and development: Retrospect and prospect. In D.R. Phillips & Y. Verhasselt (Eds), Health and development (pp. 301–318). New York: Routledge.
  • Ray, D. (1998). Development economics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Rosas C.L.O. (1997). Using participatory action research for the reconceptualization of educational practice. In S. Hollingsworgh (Ed.), International action research: A casebook for educational reform, (pp. 219–224). London: The Falmer Press.
  • Rudnick, H. (2000). Traditional healing in South Africa. Johannesburg, South Africa: Rand Afrikaans University.
  • Southern African Development Community (SADC) (April 2001). SADC HIV/AIDS in education strategic framework. RSA: SADC Human Resources Development Sector.
  • Statutes of Swaziland. (1889). Criminal Law and Procedure: Act 6/1889, ss. 7 779. Witchcraft Act. Mbabane, Swaziland: Government Printer.
  • Sweetser, A.T. (1996). Relaxed (rapid) & participatory appraisal. The USAID. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.usaid.gov/about/part_devel/docs/trnnepal.html
  • Tesch, R. (1990). Qualitative research: Analysis types and software tools. New York: The Falmer Press.
  • Torrey, E.F. (1986). Witchdoctors and psychiatrists: The common roots of psychotherapy and its future. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers.
  • Turner, V. (1968). The drums of affliction: A study of religious processes among the Ndembu of Zambia. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2001). Human development report 2001: Making new technologies work for human development. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • United Nations Population Fund. (2000). Partners for change: Enlisting men in HIV/AIDS prevention. New York: Author. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.unfpa.org/modules/intercenter/partners/pdf/partnersforchange.pdf
  • United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (2000). Collaboration with traditional healers in HIV/AIDS prevention and care in sub-Saharan Africa: A literature review. Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
  • United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (2004). UNAIDS 2004 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
  • United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (2006). UNAIDS 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Retrieved May 31, 2006, from http://www.unaids.org/en/HIV_data/2006GlobalReport/default.asp
  • United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (n.d.). Women. Retrieved May 29, 2006, from http://www.unaids.org/en/GetStarted/Women.asp
  • USAID. (1996). Performance monitoring and evaluation: Using rapid appraisal methods. USAID Center for development information & evaluation. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.dec.org/evals.html
  • US Central Intelligence Agency. (2006). The world fact book. Retrieved May 29, 2006, from https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html
  • van Binsbergen, W. (2000). Witchcraft in modern Africa as virtualized boundary conditions of the kinship order. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.shikanda.net/african_religion/witchtxt.htm
  • van Crowder, L. (1996). A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4(2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www.nuffics.nl/ciran/ikdm/
  • van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. New York: State University of New York Press.
  • Vaux, K.L. (1978). This mortal coil: The meaning of health and disease. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Whelan, D. (1999). Gender and HIV/AIDS: Taking stock of research and programmes. Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).
  • World Health Organization. (1976). Afrotechnical report, Series, #1. Geneva: WHO.
  • World Health Organization. (1978). The promotion and development of traditional medicine. Technical reports services, 666. Geneva: WHO.
  • Yin, R.K. (1989). Case study research: Design and methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Zimbabwe Parliament. (1981). Traditional Medical Practitioners Act of Parliament. Harare, Zimbabwe: Government Printer.
  • ZINATHA. (1991). ZINATHA/Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers Association: The first ten years, 1980–1990. Harare, Zimbabwe: ZINATHA.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.