References
- Alciati, A., Ferri, A., Rozzi, S., Monforte, A. D. A., Colmegna, F., Valli, I., & Mellado, C. (2001). Changes in lymphocyte subsets in depressed HIV-infected patients without antiretroviral therapy. Psychosomatics, 42(3), 247–251. doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.42.3.247
- Atkinson, J. H., Heaton, R. K., Patterson, T. L., Wolfson, T., Deutsch, R., Brown, S. J., … & HNRC Group. (2008). Two-year prospective study of major depressive disorder in HIV-infected men. Journal of affective disorders, 108(3), 225–234. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2007.10.017
- Brannon, L. & Feist, J., (2007). Health Psychology: An Introduction to Behaviour and Health. Belmont: Thomas-Wadsworth.
- Campos, L. N., Guimaraes, N. D. C., & Remien, R. H., (2008). Anxiety and depression symptoms as risk factors for non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Brazil. AIDS Behavior, 14, 289–299. doi: 10.1007/s10461-008-9435-8
- Chandra, P. S., Deepthivarma, S., Jairam, K. R. & Thomas, T., (2003). Relationship of psychological morbidity and quality of life to illness-related disclosure among HIV-infected persons. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 54, 199–203. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00567-6
- Ciesla, J. A. & Roberts, J. E., (2001). Meta-analysis of the relationship between HIV infection and risk for depressive disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 725–730. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.5.725
- Endicott, J., Nee, J., Harrison, W., & Blumenthal, R., (1993). Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire: a new measure. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 29(2), 321–326.
- Eriksson, L. E., Nordström, G., Berglund, T., & Sandström, E., (2000). The health-related quality of life in a Swedish sample of HIV-infected persons. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32, 1213–1223. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01592.x
- Hakuzimana, A. (2005). Quality of Life Outcomes in Adults Living with HIV/AIDS at Late Stage. Patient Reported Outcomes Newsletter, 35, 19.
- Hasanah, C. I., Zaliha, A. R. & Mahiran, M., (2011). Factors influencing the quality of life in patients with HIV in Malaysia. Qual Life Res, 20, 91–100. doi: 10.1007/s11136-010-9729-y
- Herman, A. A., Stein, D. J., Seedat, S., Heeringa, S. G., Moomal, H., Williams, D. R., (2009). The South African Stress and Health (SASH) study: 12-month and lifetime prevalence of common mental disorders. South African Medical Journal (SAMJ), 99(5), 339–344.
- Mannheimer, S. B., Matts, J., Telzak, E., Chesney, M., Child, C., Wu, A. W. & Friedland G., (2005). Quality of life in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy is related to adherence. AIDS Care, 17(1), 10–22. doi: 10.1080/09540120412331305098
- Molassiotis, A., Callaghan, P., Twinn, S. F. & Lam, S. W., (2001). Correlates of quality of life in symptomatic HIV patients living in Hong Kong. AIDS Care, 13(3), 319–334. doi: 10.1080/09540120120043973
- Murs, J. M., Williams, P. L., Tsevat, J, Cohn, S. E. & Wu, A. W., (2005). Gender difference in health-related quality of life in patient with HIV/ AIDS. Journal of Quality of Life Research, 14, 479–491. doi: 10.1007/s11136-004-4693-z
- Myer, L., Smit, J., Le Roux, L., Parker, S., Stein, D. J., & Seedat, S., (2008). Common mental disorders among HIV-infected individuals in South Africa: Prevalence, predictors, and validation of brief psychiatric rating scales. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 22(2), 147–158. doi: 10.1089/apc.2007.0102
- Naidoo, P., Chirinda, W., Mchunu, G., Swartz, S., & Anderson, J., (2014). Social and structural factors associated with vulnerability to HIV infection among young adults in South Africa. Psychology, Health & Medicine, DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2014.936883
- Olley, B. O., Seedat, S., Nei, D. G., & Stein, D. J., (2004). Predictors of major depression in recently diagnosed patients with HIV/AIDS in South Africa. AIDS Patient CARE and STDs, 18(8), 481–487. doi: 10.1089/1087291041703700
- Phaladze, N. A., Human, S., Dlamini, S. B., Hulela, E. B., Hadebe, I. M., Sukati, N. A., Makoae, L. N., Seboni, N. M., Moleko, M. & Holzemer, W. L., (2005). Quality of life and the concept of “living well” with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 37(2), 120–126. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2005.00023.x
- Ritsner, M. S., & Awad, A. G. (2007). Quality of life impairment in schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
- Shisana, O., Rehle, T., Simbayi, L. C., Zuma, K., & Jooste, S. (2009). South African National HIV Prevalence Incidence Behaviour and Communication Survey 2008: A Turning Tide Among Teenagers? HSRC Press, Cape Town, South Africa. http://www.health-e.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2966e129fc39e07486250fd47fcc266e.pdf
- Stangl, A., Wamai, N., Mermin, J., Awor, S., & Bunnell, R., (2007). Trends and predictors of quality of life among HIV-infected adults taking highly active antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda. AIDS Care, 19(5), 626–636 doi: 10.1080/09540120701203915
- Stein, D. J., Seedat, S., Herman, A., Moomal, H., Heeringa, S. G., Kessler, R. C., & Williams, D. R., (2008). Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in South Africa. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(2), 112–117. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.029280
- Tate, D., Paul, R. H., Flanigan, T. P., Tashima, K., Nash, J., Adiar, C., Boland., & Cohen, R. H., (2003). The Impact of Apathy and Depression on Quality of Life in Patients infected with HIV. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 17(3), 115–120. doi: 10.1089/108729103763807936
- Tostes, M. A., Chalub, M., & Botega, N. J., (2004). The quality of life of HIV-infected women is associated with psychiatric morbidity. AIDS Care 16(2), 177–186. doi: 10.1080/09540120410001641020
- UNAIDS, (2011). World AIDS day report 2011. http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/jc2216_worldaidsday_report_2011_en.pdf [accessed on 24/03/2012].
- UNAIDS, (2012). Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the global AIDS epidemic 2012. http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/epidemiology/2012/gr2012/20121120_UNAIDS_Global_Report_2012_en.pdf [accessed on 14/12/2012].
- World Health Organisation (2007). Definitions. WHO Case HIV/AIDS Programme.
- Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatica Scandinavica, 67, 361–370. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x