References
- Afable-Munsuz, A., Speizer, I., Magnus, J. H., & Kendall, C. A. (2006). A positive orientation towards early motherhood is associated with unintended pregnancy among New Orleans youth. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 10(3), 265–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-005-0049-8.
- Africa Scholarship Development Enterprise (ASDE). (2009). Development of a framework For implementation of tests in Ministry of Education and Skills Development. Gaborone: African Scholarship Development Enterprise.
- Benson, M. J. (2004). After the adolescent pregnancy: Parents, teens and families. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21(5), 435–455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:CASW.0000043358.16174.c6.
- Bickerland, R., Thompson, J. K., & Phare, V. (2000). Adolescence motherhood and post partum depression. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2, 292–300.
- Central Statistical Office Swaziland & Macro International. (2008). Swaziland demographic and health Survey. Mbabane: Central Statistical Office. http://shsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/fr202/fr202.pdf.
- Chigona, A., & Chetty, R. (2007). Girls’ education in South Africa: Special consideration to teen mothers as learners. Journal of Education for International Development, 3(1), 1–17.
- Collins, B. (2010). Resilience of teenage mothers: A follow-up study. Wellington: Ministry of Social Development. http://www.msd.gvt.nz/
- Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research designs: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. (3rd edn). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
- De Vito, J. (2007). Self-perception of parenting among adolescent mother. Journal of Perinatal Education, 16(1), 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1624/105812407X170680.
- Dlamini, S. (2000). Reaction to patriarchal codes among emaSwati. In J. Malherbe, M. Kleijwegt, & E. Koen (eds), Women, Society and Constraints: A collection of contemporary South African Studies, (pp. 72–87). Pretoria: University of South Africa Press.
- Dlamini, T. P. (2016). Experiences of mothers in secondary schools in the Lubombo region of Swaziland. (Unpublished masters thesis). University of Swaziland, Kwaluseni, Swaziland.
- Dlamini, L. S., & Van der Merwe, M. M. (2002). The development of teenagers in relation to problems of teenage mothers in Swaziland. Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 4(2), 51–55.
- Dlamini, L. S., Van der Merwe, M. M., & Ehlers, V. (2003). Problems encountered by teenage mothers in the southern Hhohho region of Swaziland. Health SA Gesondheid: Interdisciplinary research journal, 8(3), 74–85.
- Du Preez, C. S. (2004). Health and well-being. In I. Eloff & L. Ebersohn (eds), Keys to education psychology, (pp. 44–63). Cape Town: UCT Press.
- Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions and emerging confluences. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (eds), The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, 3rd edn (pp. 1–32). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
- Gyan, C. (2013). The effects of teenage pregnancy on the educational attainment of girls at Chorkor, a suburb of Accra. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 3(3), 53–90.
- Gyesaw, N. Y. K., & Ankomah, A. (2013). Experiences of pregnancy and motherhood among teenage mothers in a suburb of Accra, Ghana: A qualitative study. International Journal of Women’s Health, 5, 773–780. http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/.
- Higginbottom, G. M. A. (2006). Young people of minority ethnic origin in England and early parenthood: Views from young parents and service providers. Social Science & Medicine, 63(4), 858–870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.03.011.
- Hudson, D., Elek, S., & Campbell-Grossman, C. (2000). Depression, self-esteem, loneliness and support among adolescent mothers participating in the new parents project. Adolescence, 35(139), 445–453.
- Keller, E. T., Hilton, D., & Twumasi-Ankrah, K. (1999). Teenage pregnancy and motherhood in Ghanaian community. Journal of Social Development in Africa, 14(1), 69–84.
- Leishman, J. (2004). Childhood and teenage pregnancies. Nursing Standard, 18(33), 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2004.04.18.33.33.c3600.
- Mashala, P., Esterhuizen, R., Basson, W., & Nel, K. (2012). Qualitative exploration of the experiences and challenges of adolescents during pregnancy. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 22(1), 49–55.
- McMichael, C. (2013). Unplanned but not unwanted? Teen pregnancy and parenthood among young people with refugee backgrounds. Journal of Youth Studies, 16(5), 663–678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2012.744813.
- Mngadi, T. P. (2007). Adolescent and parenthood in Swaziland: Quality care . Community support and health care service needs. Stockholm: Karolinska Institute.
- Mokwena, J. P., Govender, S., & Setwaba, M. B. (2016). Health and well-being among teenage mothers in a rural South African Community. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 26(5), 428–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2016.1219359.
- Molapo, C. M., Adams, J. D., & Zulu, S. P. (2014). School-going teen mother’ experiences in relation to teachers: A case of a high school in Leribe district, Lesotho. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 20(5), 1269–1276.
- Neuman, L. W. (2011). Social science research methods: qualitative and quantitative approaches. Boston: Pearson.
- Ngum Chi Watts, M. C., Liamputtong, P., & McMichael, C. (2015). Early motherhood: A qualitative study exploring the experiences of African Australian teenage mothers in greater Melbourne, Australia. BMC Public Health, 15(873), 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2215-2.
- Ntinda, K., Mpofu, E., Bender, B., & Moagi, S. (2014). Botswana school child parents: Their personal and community relationships contexts for counselling. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 43(5), 546–558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2014.939944.
- Phaswana-Mafuya, N., Tabane, C., & Davids, A. (2016). Community member perceptions of influences on teenage pregnancies. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 26(5), 419–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2016.1185916.
- Pungbangkadee, R., Parisunyakul, S., & Kantaruksa, K. (2008). Experiences of early motherhood among Thai adolescents: Perceiving conflict between needs as a mother and an adolescent. Thai Journal of Research, 12(1), 70–82.
- Reid, N. S., & Meadows-Oliver, M. (2007). Postpartum depression in adolescent mothers: An integrative review of the literature. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 21(5), 289–298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2006.05.010.
- Van den Berg, M. P. (2012). Protective factors for teen mothers: Relations among social support psychological resources and child-rearing practices. (Unpublished masters dissertation). Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. https://dspace.libarary.edu/handle/1.
- World Health Organisation (WHO). (2012). Adolescent pregnancy: Issues in adolescent health and development. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
- Wiemann, C. M., Rickert, V. I., Berenson, A. B., & Volk, R. J. (2005). Are pregnant adolescents stigmatized by pregnancy? Journal of Adolescent Health, 352–357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.