Monitoring of Epstein–Barr virus load and killer T cells in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with methotrexate or tocilizumab

References

• Kamel OW, van de Rijn M, Weiss LM, Del Zoppo GJ, Hench PK, Robbins BA, et al. Brief report: reversible lymphomas associated with Epstein–Barr virus occurring during methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis and dermatomyositis. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1317–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariette X, Cazals-Hatem D, Warszawki J, Liote F, Balandraud N, Sibilia J. Lymphomas in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate: a 3-year prospective study in France. Blood. 2002;99:3909–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callan MFC. Epstein–Barr virus, arthritis, and the development of lymphoma in arthritis patients. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2004;16:399–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krugmann J, Sailer-Hock M, Muller T, Gruber J, Allerberger F, Offner FA. Epstein–Barr virus-associated Hodgkin's lymphoma and Legionella pneumophila infection complicating treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate and cyclosporine A. Human Pathol. 2000;31:253–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeyama J, Sato A, Nakano K, Abukawa D, Ichinohazama R, Imaizumi M. Epstein–Barr virus associated Hodgkin lymphoma in a 9-year-old girl receiving long-term methotrexate therapy for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2006;28:622–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munro R, Porter DR, Sturrock RD. Lymphadenopathy in a patient with systemic onset juvenile chronic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1998;57:513–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokota S, Imagawa T, Mori M, Miyamae T, Aihara Y, Takei S, et al. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with systemic-onset juvenile arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, withdrawal phase III trial. Lancet. 2008;371:998–1006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imagawa T, Yokota S, Mori M, Miyamae T, Takei S, Imanaka H, et al. Safety and efficacy of tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6-receptor monoclonal antibody, in patients with polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Mod Rheumatol. 2012;22:109–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa J, Harigai M, Akashi T, Nagasaka K, Suzuki F, Tominaga S, et al. Exacerbation of chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving humanised anti-interlekin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:1667–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawada J, Iwata N, Kitagawa Y, Kimura H, Ito Y. Prospective monitoring of Epstein–Barr virus and other herpesviruses in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with methotrexate and tocilizumab. Mod Rheumatol. 2012;22:565–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokota S, Mori M, Imagawa T, Takei S, Murata T, Tomiita M, et al. Proposal for juvenile idiopathic arthritis guidance on diagnosis and treatment for primary care pediatricians and nonpediatric rheumatologists (2007). Mod Rhematol. 2007;17:353–63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tanaka E, Sato T, Ishihara M, Tsutsumi Y, Hisano M, Chikamoto H, et al. Asymptomatic high Epstein–Barr viral load carriage in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant. 2011;15:306–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato T, Fujieda M, Maeda A, Tanaka E, Miyamura M, Chikamoto H, et al. Monitoring of Epstein–Barr virus load and killer T cells in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Clin Nephrol. 2008;70:393–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeda A, Wakiguchi H, Yokoyama W, Hisakawa H, Tomoda T, Kurashige T. Persistently high Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) loads in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic active EBV infection. J Infect Dis. 1999;179:1012–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balandraud N, Meynard JB, Auger I, Sovran H, Mugnier B, Reviron D, et al. Epstein–Barr virus load in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:1223–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng W-H, Cohen JI, Fischer S, Li L, Sneller M, Goldbach-Mansky R, et al. Reactivation of latent Epstein–Barr virus by methotrexate: a potential contributor to methotrexate-associated lymphomas. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1691–702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padeh S, Sharon N, Schiby G, Rechavi G, Passwell JH. Hodgkin's lymphoma in systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis after treatment with low dose methotrexate. J Rheumatol. 1997;24:2035–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Londino AV Jr, Blatt J, Knisely AS. Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis taking weekly low dose methotrexate. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:1245–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleary AG, McDowell H, Sills JA. Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with methotrexate complicated by the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Arch Dis Child. 2002;86:47–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright-Browne V, Schnee AM, Jenkins MA, Thall PF, Aggarwal BB, Talpaz M, et al. Serum cytokine levels in infectious mononucleosis at diagnosis and convalescence. Leuk Lymphoma. 1998;30:583–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosato G, Tanner J, Jones KD, Revel M, Pike SE. Identification of interleukin-6 as an autocrine growth factor for Epstein–Barr virus-immortalized B cells. J Virol. 1990;64:3033–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodge DR, Hurt EM, Farrar WL. The role of IL-6 and STAT3 in inflammation and cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2005;41:2502–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones RJ, Seaman WT, Feng W-H, Barlow E, Dickerson S, Delecluse H-J, et al. Roles of lytic viral infection and IL-6 in early versus late passage lymphoblastoid cell lines and EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease. Int J Cancer. 2007;121:1274–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J. Roles of PI3/Akt pathway in Epstein–Barr virus-induced cancers and therapeutic implications. World J Virol. 2012;1:154–61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barton M, Wasfy S, Hebert D, Dipchand A, Fecteau A, Grant D, et al. Exploring beyond viral load testing for EBV lymphoproliferation: role of serum IL-6 and IgE assays as adjunctive tests. Pediatr Transplant. 2010;14:852–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawada J, Ito Y, Torii Y, Kimura H, Iwata N. Remission of juvenile idiopathic arthriti10s with Epstein–Barr virus infection. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52:956–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Berg WB, Miossec P. IL-17 as a future therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2009;5:549–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miossec P, Korn T, Kuchroo VK. Interleukin-17 and type 17 helper T cells. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:888–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar