IL-6 is an independent predictive factor of drug survival after dose escalation of infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

References

• Aletaha D, Smolen J, Ward MM. Measuring function in rheumatoid arthritis: identifying reversible and irreversible components. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(9):2784–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drossaers-Bakker KW, de Buck M, van Zeben D, Zwinderman AH, Breedveld FC, Hazes JM. Long-term course and outcome of functional capacity in rheumatoid arthritis: the effect of disease activity and radiologic damage over time. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42(9):1854–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welsing PM, van Gestel AM, Swinkels HL, Kiemeney LA, van Riel PL. The relationship between disease activity, joint destruction, and functional capacity over the course of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44(9):2009–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolen JS, Han C, van der Heijde DM, Emery P, Bathon JM, Keystone E, et al. Radiographic changes in rheumatoid arthritis patients attaining different disease activity states with methotrexate monotherapy and infliximab plus methotrexate: the impacts of remission and tumour necrosis factor blockade. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(6):823–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Bijlsma JW, Breedveld FC, Boumpas D, Burmester G, et al. Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: recommendations of an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(4):631–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi T, Miyasaka N, Inoue K, Abe T, Koike T, Study R. Impact of trough serum level on radiographic and clinical response to infliximab plus methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the RISING study. Mod Rheumatol. 2009;19(5):478–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wohlrab J. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of therapeutic antibodies. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2015;13(6):530–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Schouwenburg PA, Rispens T, Wolbink GJ. Immunogenicity of anti-TNF biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013;9(3):164–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mok CC, van der Kleij D, Wolbink GJ. Drug levels, anti-drug antibodies, and clinical efficacy of the anti-TNFα biologics in rheumatic diseases. Clin Rheumatol. 2013;32(10):1429–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolbink GJ, Vis M, Lems W, Voskuyl AE, de Groot E, Nurmohamed MT, et al. Development of antiinfliximab antibodies and relationship to clinical response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(3):711–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, McShane DJ, Fries JF, Cooper NS, et al. The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1988;31(3):315–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolbink GJ, Voskuyl AE, Lems WF, de Groot E, Nurmohamed MT, Tak PP, et al. Relationship between serum trough infliximab levels, pretreatment C reactive protein levels, and clinical response to infliximab treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(5):704–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aalberse RC, Stapel SO, Schuurman J, Rispens T. Immunoglobulin G4: an odd antibody. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009;39(4):469–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuurman J, Perdok GJ, Mueller GA, Benjamin DC, Yong Tan K, Chapman MD, Aalberse RC. Mouse/human chimeric IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies directed to the house dust mite allergen Der p 2: use in quantification of allergen specific IgG. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997;27(9):1095–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zickert A, Amoudruz P, Sundstrom Y, Ronnelid J, Malmstrom V, Gunnarsson I. IL-17 and IL-23 in lupus nephritis – association to histopathology and response to treatment. BMC Immunol. 2015;16:7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanda Y. Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software 'EZR' for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013;48(3):452–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi T, Miyasaka N, Inui T, Yano T, Yoshinari T, Abe T, Koike T. Prediction of clinical response after 1 year of infliximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis based on disease activity at 3 months: posthoc analysis of the RISING study. J Rheumatol. 2015;42(4):599–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi T, Miyasaka N, Tatsuki Y, Yano T, Yoshinari T, Abe T, Koike T. Baseline tumour necrosis factor alpha levels predict the necessity for dose escalation of infliximab therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(7):1208–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi T, Miyasaka N, Tatsuki Y, Yano T, Yoshinari T, Abe T, Koike T. Inhibition of plasma IL-6 in addition to maintenance of an efficacious trough level of infliximab associated with clinical remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: analysis of the RISING Study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(9):1583–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen DY, Chen YM, Chen HH, Hsieh CW, Lin CC, Lan JL. Increasing levels of circulating Th17 cells and interleukin-17 in rheumatoid arthritis patients with an inadequate response to anti-TNF-α therapy. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;13(4):R126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayakabe K, Kuroiwa T, Sakurai N, Ikeuchi H, Kadiombo AT, Sakairi T, et al. Interleukin-1β measurement in stimulated whole blood cultures is useful to predict response to anti-TNF therapies in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51(9):1639–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garces S, Demengeot J, Benito-Garcia E. The immunogenicity of anti-TNF therapy in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a systematic review of the literature with a meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(12):1947–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svenson M, Geborek P, Saxne T, Bendtzen K. Monitoring patients treated with anti-TNF-alpha biopharmaceuticals: assessing serum infliximab and anti-infliximab antibodies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46(12):1828–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamnitski A, Bartelds GM, Nurmohamed MT, van Schouwenburg PA, van Schaardenburg D, Stapel SO, et al. The presence or absence of antibodies to infliximab or adalimumab determines the outcome of switching to etanercept. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(2):284–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ducourau E, Mulleman D, Paintaud G, Miow Lin DC, Lauferon F, Ternant D, et al. Antibodies toward infliximab are associated with low infliximab concentration at treatment initiation and poor infliximab maintenance in rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;13(3):R105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauldie J, Richards C, Baumann H. IL6 and the acute phase reaction. Res Immunol. 1992;143(7):755–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ablij H, Meinders A. C-reactive protein: history and revival. Eur J Intern Med. 2002;13(7):412.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nishikawa T, Hagihara K, Serada S, Isobe T, Matsumura A, Song J, et al. Transcriptional complex formation of c-Fos, STAT3, and hepatocyte NF-1 alpha is essential for cytokine-driven C-reactive protein gene expression. J Immunol. 2008;180(5):3492–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madhok R, Crilly A, Watson J, Capell HA. Serum interleukin 6 levels in rheumatoid arthritis: correlations with clinical and laboratory indices of disease activity. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993;52(3):232–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfafflin A, Schleicher E. Inflammation markers in point-of-care testing (POCT). Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009;393(5):1473–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakami M, Nishimoto N. The value of blocking IL-6 outside of rheumatoid arthritis: current perspective. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2011;23(3):273–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calabrese LH, Rose-John S. IL-6 biology: implications for clinical targeting in rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2014;10(12):720–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holzinger D, Kessel C, Omenetti A, Gattorno M. From bench to bedside and back again: translational research in autoinflammation. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015;11(10):573–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knowlton N, Jiang K, Frank MB, Aggarwal A, Wallace C, McKee R, et al. The meaning of clinical remission in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: gene expression profiling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells identifies distinct disease states. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(3):892–900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma L, Zhang H, Yin YL, Guo WZ, Ma YQ, Wang YB, et al. Role of interleukin-6 to differentiate sepsis from non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Cytokine. 2016;88:126–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraunberger P, Wang Y, Holler E, Parhofer KG, Nagel D, Walli AK, Seidel D. Prognostic value of interleukin 6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein levels in intensive care unit patients during first increase of fever. Shock. 2006;26(1):10–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maini RN, Breedveld FC, Kalden JR, Smolen JS, Davis D, Macfarlane JD, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of multiple intravenous infusions of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody combined with low-dose weekly methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41(9):1552–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bendtzen K, Geborek P, Svenson M, Larsson L, Kapetanovic MC, Saxne T. Individualized monitoring of drug bioavailability and immunogenicity in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with the tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor infliximab. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(12):3782–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishina N, Kaneko Y, Kameda H, Kuwana M, Takeuchi T. Reduction of plasma IL-6 but not TNF-alpha by methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: a potential biomarker for radiographic progression. Clin Rheumatol. 2013;32(11):1661–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraan MC, Smeets TJ, van Loon MJ, Breedveld FC, Dijkmans BA, Tak PP. Differential effects of leflunomide and methotrexate on cytokine production in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(9):1056–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrera P, Haagsma CJ, Boerbooms AM, Van Riel PL, Borm GF, Van de Putte LB, Van der Meer JW. Effect of methotrexate alone or in combination with sulphasalazine on the production and circulating concentrations of cytokines and their antagonists. Longitudinal evaluation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol. 1995;34(8):747–55.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hirano T, Yasukawa K, Harada H, Taga T, Watanabe Y, Matsuda T, et al. Complementary DNA for a novel human interleukin (BSF-2) that induces B lymphocytes to produce immunoglobulin. Nature. 1986;324(6092):73–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashizume M, Tan SL, Takano J, Ohsawa K, Hasada I, Hanasaki A, et al. Tocilizumab, a humanized anti-IL-6R antibody, as an emerging therapeutic option for rheumatoid arthritis: molecular and cellular mechanistic insights. Int Rev Immunol. 2015;34(3):265–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Redlich K. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: new insights from old clinical data? Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012;8(4):235–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charles P, Elliott MJ, Davis D, Potter A, Kalden JR, Antoni C, et al. Regulation of cytokines, cytokine inhibitors, and acute-phase proteins following anti-TNF-alpha therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol. 1999;163(3):1521–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar