Clinical heterogeneity of SAPHO syndrome: Challenge of diagnosis

References

• Chamot A, Benhamou C, Kahn M, Beraneck L, Kaplan G, Prost A. Acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis syndrome. Results of a national survey. 85 cases. Rev Rhumat Maladies Ostéo-Articul. 1987;54(3):187–96.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Depasquale R, Kumar N, Lalam R, Tins BJ, Tyrrell PNM, Singh J, et al. SAPHO: what radiologists should know. Clin Radiol. 2012;67(3):195–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen MT, Borchers A, Selmi C, Naguwa SM, Cheema G, Gershwin ME, The SAPHO syndrome. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism. New York: Elsevier. Abstract 42.
   Google Scholar
• Sugimoto H, Tamura K, Fujii T. The SAPHO syndrome: defining the radiologic spectrum of diseases comprising the syndrome. Eur Radiol. 1998;8(5):800–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn M-F, Khan MA. The SAPHO syndrome. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol. 1994;8(2):333–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayem G, Bouchaud-Chabot A, Benali K, Roux S, Palazzo E, Silbermann-Hoffman O, et al. SAPHO syndrome: a long-term follow-up study of 120 cases. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1999;29(3):159–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayem G. SAPHO syndrome. Rev Prat. 2004;54(15):1635–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benhamou C. Synovitis-acne-pustulosis hyperostosis-osteomyelitissyndrome (Sapho): a new syndrome among the spodyloarthropathies? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1988;6:109–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girschick HJ, Mornet E, Beer M, Warmuth-Metz M, Schneider P. Chronic multifocal non-bacterial osteomyelitis in hypophosphatasia mimicking malignancy. BMC Pediatr. 2007;7(1):3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zemann W, Pau M, Feichtinger M, Ferra-Matschy B, Kaercher H. SAPHO syndrome with affection of the mandible: diagnosis, treatment, and review of literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol. 2011;111(2):190–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Zuo Y, Wu N, Li L, Li F, Zhang W, et al. Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis syndrome: a single centre study of a cohort of 164 patients. Rheumatology. 2016;55(6):1023–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaub S, Sirkis HM, Kay J. Imaging for Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, and Osteitis (SAPHO) Syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2016;42(4):695–710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu Z, Liu M, Li Z, Fan Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, et al. Is the bullhead sign on bone scintigraphy really common in the patient with SAPHO syndrome? A single-center study of a 16-year experience. Nucl Med Commun. 2016;37(4):387–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orui H, Takahara M, Ishikawa A, Takagi M, Tsuchiya T, Ogino T. Radiological features of long bones in synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis syndrome and their correlation with pathological findings. Mod Rheumatol. 2002;12(1):56–63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freyschmidt J, Sternberg A. The bullhead sign: scintigraphic pattern of sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis and pustulotic arthroosteitis. Eur Radiol. 1998;8(5):807–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotten A, Flipo RM, Mentre A, Delaporte E, Duquesnoy B, Chastanet P. SAPHO syndrome. Radiographics. 1995;15(5):1147–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jurik AG, Egund N. MRI in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Skeletal Radiol. 1997;26(4):230–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanna L, El-Khoury GY. SAPHO syndrome-a pictorial assay. Iowa Orthop J. 2012;32:189–95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pichler R, Weiglein K, Schmekal B, Sfetsos K, Maschek W. Bone scintigraphy using Tc‐99m DPD and F18‐FDG in a patient with SAPHO syndrome. Scand J Rheumatol. 2003;32(1):58–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earwaker JW, Cotten A. SAPHO: syndrome or concept? Imaging findings. Skeletal Radiol. 2003;32(6):311–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu W, Li C, Zhao X, Lu J, Li L, Wu N, et al. Whole-spine computed tomography findings in SAPHO syndrome. J Rheumatol. 2017;44(5):648–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leone A, Cassar-Pullicino VN, Casale R, Magarelli N, Semprini A, Colosimo C. The SAPHO syndrome revisited with an emphasis on spinal manifestations. Skeletal Radiol. 2015;44(1):9–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laredo JD, Vuillemin-Bodaghi V, Boutry N, Cotten A, Parlier-Cuau C. SAPHO syndrome: MR appearance of vertebral involvement. Radiology. 2007;242(3):825–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toussirot E, Dupond JL, Wendling D. Spondylodiscitis in SAPHO syndrome. A series of eight cases. Ann Rheum Dis. 1997;56(1):52–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGauvran AM, Kotsenas AL, Diehn FE, Wald JT, Carr CM, Morris JM. SAPHO Syndrome: imaging findings of vertebral involvement. Am J Neuroradiol. 2016;37(8):1567–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okuno H, Watanuki M, Kuwahara Y, Sekiguchi A, Mori Y, Hitachi S, et al. Clinical features and radiological findings of 67 patients with SAPHO syndrome. Mod Rheumatol. 2017. [Epub ahead of print]. DOI:10.1080/14397595.2017.1372874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sallés M, Olivé A, Perez-Andres R, Holgado S, Mateo L, Riera E, et al. The SAPHO syndrome: a clinical and imaging study. Clin Rheumatol. 2011;30(2):245–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colina M, Govoni M, Orzincolo C, Trotta F. Clinical and radiologic evolution of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis syndrome: a single center study of a cohort of 71 subjects. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61(6):813–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witt M, Meier J, Hammitzsch A, Proft F, Schulze-Koops H, Grunke M, Disease burden, disease manifestations and current treatment regimen of the SAPHO syndrome in Germany: results from a nationwide patient survey. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. New York: Elsevier. Abstract 43.
   Google Scholar
• Anić B, Padjen I, Mayer M, Bosnić D, Cerovec M. Clinical features of the SAPHO syndrome and their role in choosing the therapeutic approach: report of four patients and review of the literature. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2014;22(3):180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar