Rapid glucocorticoid tapering therapy to reduce mortality from pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with rheumatic disease

References

• Thomas CF, Limper AH. Pneumocystis pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(24):2487–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Huang XM, Fang WG, Zeng XJ. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue disease. J Clin Rheumatol. 2006;12(3):114–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ognibene FP, Shelhamer JH, Hoffman GS, Kerr GS, Reda D, Fauci AS. Pneumocystis-Carinii pneumonia - a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with Wegeners Granulomatosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;. 151(3):795–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chechani V, Bridges A. Pneumocystis-Carinii pneumonia in patients with connective-tissue disease. Chest 1992;101(2):375–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chew LC, Maceda-Galang LM, Tan YK, Chakraborty B, Thumboo J. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with autoimmune disease on high-dose glucocorticoid. J Clin Rheumatol. 2015;21(2):72–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansharamani NG, Garland R, Delaney D, Koziel H. Management and outcome patterns for adult Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 1985 to 1995 - Comparison of HIV-associated cases to other immunocompromised states. Chest 2000;118(3):704–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SJ, Lee J, Cho YJ, Park YS, Lee CH, Yoon HI, et al. Prognostic factors of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients without HIV infection. J Infect. 2014;69(1):88–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen M, Tian X, Qin F, Zhou J, Liu J, Wang M, et al. Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with autoimmune diseases: a retrospective study focused on clinical characteristics and prognostic factors related to death. PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0139144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aoki Y, Iwamoto M, Kamata Y, Nagashima T, Yoshio T, Okazaki H, et al. Prognostic indicators related to death in patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia associated with collagen vascular diseases. Rheumatol Int. 2009;29(11):1327–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon SM, Kim T, Sung H, Kim MN, Kim SH, Choi SH, et al. Outcomes of moderate-to-severe Pneumocystis pneumonia treated with adjunctive steroid in non-HIV-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55(10):4613–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Consensus statement on the use of corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for pneumocystis pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency s. The National Institutes of Health-University of California Expert Panel for Corticosteroids as Adjunctive Therapy for Pneumocystis Pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1990;323(21):1500–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagnon S, Boota AM, Fischl MA, Baier H, Kirksey OW, La Voie L. Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for severe Pneumocystis-Carinii Pneumonia in the acquired-immunodeficiency-syndrome - a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. N Engl J Med. 1990;323(21):1444–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briel M, Boscacci R, Furrer H, Bucher HC. Adjunctive corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMC Infectious Diseases 2005;5:101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ledergerber B, Mocroft A, Reiss P, Furrer H, Kirk O, Bickel M, et al. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection who have a response to antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(3):168–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozzette SA, Sattler FR, Chiu J, Wu AW, Gluckstein D, Kemper C, et al. A controlled trial of early adjunctive treatment with corticosteroids for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. California Collaborative Treatment Group. N Engl J Med. 1990;323(21):1451–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa J, Harigai M, Nagasaka K, Nakamura T, Miyasaka N. Prediction of and prophylaxis against Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases undergoing medium- or high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Mod Rheumatol. 2005;15(2):91–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kameda H, Tokuda H, Sakai F, Johkoh T, Mori S, Yoshida Y, et al. Clinical and radiological features of acute-onset diffuse interstitial lung diseases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving treatment with biological agents: importance of Pneumocystis pneumonia in Japan revealed by a multicenter study. Intern Med. 2011;50(4):305–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadoya A, Okada J, Iikuni Y, Kondo H. Risk factors for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis or systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 1996;23(7):1186–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumura Y, Shindo Y, Iinuma Y, Yamamoto M, Shirano M, Matsushima A, et al. Clinical characteristics of Pneumocystis pneumonia in non-HIV patients and prognostic factors including microbiological genotypes. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11(1):76.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lemiale V, Debrumetz A, Delannoy A, Alberti C, Azoulay E. Adjunctive steroid in HIV-negative patients with severe Pneumocystis pneumonia. Respir Res. 2013;14(1):87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoshida Y, Takahashi Y, Minemura N, Ueda Y, Yamashita H, Kaneko H, et al. Prognosis of pneumocystis pneumonia complicated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and non-RA rheumatic diseases. Mod Rheumatol. 2012;22(4):509–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori S, Sugimoto M. Pneumocystis jirovecii infection: an emerging threat to patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51(12):2120–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGee S, Hirschmann J. Use of corticosteroids in treating infectious diseases. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(10):1034–46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pareja JG, Garland R, Koziel H. Use of adjunctive corticosteroids in severe adult non-HIV Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Chest 1998;113(5):1215–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahar JR, Robin M, Azoulay E, Fieux F, Nitenberg G, Schlemmer B. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in critically ill patients with malignancy: a descriptive study. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35(8):929–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delclaux C, Zahar JR, Amraoui G, Leleu G, Lebargy F, Brochard L, et al. Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: retrospective study of 31 patients. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29(3):670–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komano Y, Harigai M, Koike R, Sugiyama H, Ogawa J, Saito K, et al. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab: a retrospective review and case-control study of 21 patients. Arthritis Rheum 2009;61(3):305–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Injean P, Eells SJ, Wu H, McElroy I, Gregson AL, McKinnell JA. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the data behind current recommendations for corticosteroids in non-HIV-related PCP: knowing when you are on shaky foundations. Transplantation Direct. 2017;3(3):e137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward MM, Donald F. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases - The role of hospital experience in diagnosis and mortality. Arthritis Rheumatism. 1999;42(4):780–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe K, Sakai R, Koike R, Sakai F, Sugiyama H, Tanaka M, et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving adalimumab: a retrospective review and case-control study of 17 patients. Mod Rheumatol 2013;23(6):1085–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito K, Nakayamada S, Nakano K, Tokunaga M, Tsujimura S, Nakatsuka K, et al. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii by DNA amplification in patients with connective tissue diseases: re-evaluation of clinical features of P. carinii pneumonia in rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004;43(4):479–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar