332
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Development and validation of the Chinese adolescent gambling expectancy scale

&
Pages 309-329 | Received 30 Oct 2011, Accepted 01 Mar 2012, Published online: 26 Mar 2012

References

  • Aarons , G.A. , Brown , S.A. , Stice , E. and Coe , M.T. 2001 . Psychometric evaluation of the marijuana and stimulant expectancy questionnaires for adolescents . Addictive Behaviors , 26 : 219 – 236 .
  • Bartlett , M.S. 1950 . Tests of significance in factor analysis . British Journal of Psychology: Statistical Section , 3 : 77 – 85 .
  • Bentler , P.M. and Bonett , D.G. 1980 . Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures . Psychological Bulletin , 88 : 588 – 606 .
  • Bentler , P.M. and Wu , E.J.C. 1995 . EQS for Macintosh user's guide , Encino, CA : Multivariate Software .
  • Bergh , C. and Kühlhorn , E. 1994 . “ Social, psychological and physical consequences of pathological gambling in Sweden ” . In Journal of Gambling Studies Vol. 3 , 275 – 285 . 10
  • Burge , A.N. , Pietrzak , R.H. and Petry , N.M. 2006 . Pre/early adolescent onset of gambling and psychosocial problems in treatment-seeking pathological gamblers . Journal of Gambling Studies , 22 : 263 – 274 .
  • Cattell , R. 1966 . The scree test for the number of factors . Multivariate behavioral research , 1 ( 2 ) : 245 – 276 .
  • Census and Statistics Department . 2010 . Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics 2010 , Hong Kong : Author .
  • Ellenbogen , S. , Derevensky , J. and Gupta , R. 2007 . Gender differences among adolescents with gambling-related problems . Journal of Gambling Studies , 23 : 133 – 143 .
  • Elo , S. and Kyngäs , H. 2008 . The qualitative content analysis process . Journal of Advanced Nursing , 62 : 107 – 115 . doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
  • Fabrigar , L. , Wegener , D. , MacCallum , R. and Strahan , E. 1999 . Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research . Psychological methods , 4 ( 3 ) : 272 – 299 .
  • Felsher , J.R. , Derevensky , J.L. and Gupta , R. 2004 . Lottery playing amongst youth: Implications for prevention and social policy . Journal of Gambling Studies , 20 : 127 – 153 .
  • Fern , E.F. 2001 . Advanced focus group approach , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Friedman , R. , Chi , S.C. and Liu , A.L. 2006 . An expectancy model of Chinese-American differences in conflict-avoiding . Journal of International Business Studies , 37 : 76 – 91 .
  • Fromme , K. and D'Amico , E.J. 2000 . Measuring adolescent alcohol outcome expectancies . Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , 14 : 206 – 212 .
  • Gillespie , M.A.M. , Derevensky , J. and Gupta , R. 2007a . Adolescent problem gambling: developing a gambling expectancy instrument . Journal of Gambling Issues , 19 Retrieved from http://www.camh.net/egambling/issue19/gillespie1.html
  • Gillespie , M. , Derevensky , J. and Gupta , R. 2007b . “ The utility of outcome expectancies in the prediction of adolescent gambling behaviour ” . In Journal of Gambling Studies Vol. 19 , 69 – 85 .
  • Goldberg , J. and Fischhoff , B. 2000 . The long-term risks in the short-term benefits: perceptions of potentially addictive behaviors . Healthy Psychology , 19 : 299 – 303 .
  • Goldberg , J.H. , Halpern-Felsher , B.L. and Millstein , S.G. 2002 . Beyond invulnerability: the importance of benefits in adolescents' decision to drink alcohol . Health Psychology , 21 : 477 – 484 .
  • Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.fullmark.hk/data/school.pdf
  • Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. (2011)., Retrieved from http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/tech_doc/hkpsg/full/ch3/pdf/ch3.pdf
  • Gupta , R. and Derevensky , J. 1998 . Adolescent gambling behavior: a prevalence study and examination of the correlates associated with excessive gambling . Journal of Gambling Studies , 14 : 319 – 345 .
  • Hardoon , K. and Derevensky , J. 2002 . Child and adolescent gambling behavior: current knowledge . Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 7 ( 2 ) : 263 – 281 .
  • Holly , E. 1999 . The focus group research handbook , NTC Business Books Lincolnwood, IL : Contemporary Publishing Group .
  • Hong Kong Government. (1978). The Development of Senior Secondary and Tertiary Education. Hong Kong: The Government Printer
  • Hsieh , H.F. and Shannon , S. 2005 . Three approaches to qualitative content analysis . Qualitative Health Research , 15 : 1277 – 1288 .
  • Hu , L. and Bentler , P.M. 1998 . Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to unparameterized model misspecification . Psychological Methods , 3 : 424 – 453 .
  • Ibanez , A. , Blanco , C. , Moreryra , P. and Saiz-Ruiz , J. 2003 . Gender differences in pathological gambling . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 64 : 295 – 301 .
  • Jones , B.T. , Corbin , W. and Fromme , K. 2001 . A review of expectancy theory and alcohol consumption . Addiction , 96 : 57 – 72 .
  • Jones , B.T. and McMahon , J. 1998 . “ Alcohol motivations as outcome expectancies ” . In Treating Addictive Behaviors , Edited by: Miller , W.R. and Heather , N. 75 – 92 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Kaiser , H.F. 1958 . The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis . Psychometrika , 23 ( 3 ) : 187 – 200 .
  • Kessler , R.C. , Hwang , I. , LaBrie , R. , Petukhova , M. , Sampson , N.A. , Winters , K.C. and Shaffer , H.J. 2008 . DSW-IV pathological gambling in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication . Psychological Medicine , 38 : 1351 – 1360 .
  • Knodel , J. 1993 . “ The design and analysis of focus group studies ” . In Successful focus groups: advancing the state of the art , Edited by: D.L. (Ed.) , Morgan . 35 – 50 . London : Sage Publications .
  • Krippendorff , K. 1980 . Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Lauri , S. and Kyngäs , H. 2005 . Developing nursing theories , Vantaa : Werner Söderström, Dark Oy .
  • Lindkvist , K. 1981 . “ Approaches to textual analysis ” . In Advances in content analysis , Edited by: Rosengren , K.E. 23 – 41 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
  • Loo , F.M.Y. , Raylu , N. and Oei , T.P.S. 2008 . Gambling among the Chinese: A comprehensive review . Clinical Psychology Review , 28 : 1152 – 1166 .
  • Oei , T.P.S. , Lin , J. and Raylu , N. 2007 . Validation of the Chinese version of the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS-C) . Journal of Gambling Studies , 23 : 309 – 322 .
  • Oei , T.P.S. , Lin , J. and Raylu , N. 2008 . Relationship between gambling cognitions, psychological states and gambling: a cross-cultural study of Chinese and Caucasians in Australia . Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology , 39 : 147 – 161 .
  • Olson , J.M. , Roese , N.J. and Zanna , M.P. 1996 . “ Expectancies ” . In Social psychology handbook of basic principles , Edited by: Higgins , E.T. and Kruglasnski , A.W. 211 – 238 . New York : Guilford Press .
  • Peele , S. and Brodsky , A. 2000 . Exploring psychological benefits associated with moderate alcohol use: a necessary corrective to assessments of drinking outcomes? . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 60 : 221 – 247 .
  • Peng , K. and Nisbett , R.E. 1999 . Culture dialectics and reasoning about contradiction . American Psychologists , 54 : 741 – 754 .
  • Politzer , R.M. , Yesalis , C.E. and Hudak , C.J. 1992 . The epidemiologic model and the risk of legalized gambling: Where are we headed? . Health Values , 16 : 20 – 27 .
  • Productivity Commission . 1999 . “ Australia's gambling industries: Final report ” . AusInfo, : Canberra .
  • Raylu , N. and Oei , T.P.S. 2004a . The Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS): Development, confirmatory factor validation and psychometric properties . Addiction , 99 : 757 – 769 .
  • Rohsenow , D.J. 1983 . Drinking habits and expectancies about alcohol's effects for self vs others . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 51 : 752 – 756 .
  • Russell , D. 2002 . In search of underlying dimensions: The use (and abuse) of factor analysis in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 28 ( 12 ) : 1629 – 1646 .
  • Smith , G.T. , Goldman , M.S. , Greenbaum , P.E. and Christiansen , B.A. 1995 . Expectancy for social facilitation from drinking: the divergent paths of high-expectancy and low-expectancy adolescents . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 104 : 32 – 40 .
  • Spencer-Rodgers , J. and Peng , K. 2004 . “ The dialectical self: Contradiction, change, and holism in the East Asian self-concept ” . In Culture and social behavior: The Ontario Symposium , Edited by: Sorrentino , R.M. , Cohen , D. , Olsen , J.M. and Zanna , M.P. Vol. 10 , 227 – 250 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
  • Tang , C. and Wu , A. 2011 . Gambling-related cognitive biases and pathological gambling among youths, young adults, and mature adults in Chinese societies . Journal of Gambling Studies , Advance online publication. doi: 10.1007/s10899-011-9294-x
  • Triandis , H.C. 1989 . The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts . Psychological Review , 96 : 508 – 520 .
  • Walters , G.D. and Contri , D. 1998 . “ Outcome expectancies for gambling: empirical modeling of a memory network in federal prison inmates ” . In Journal of Gambling Studies Vol. 14 , 173 – 191 .
  • Wickwire , E. Jr , Whelan , J.P. and Meyers , A. 2010 . Outcome expectancies and gambling behavior among urban adolescents . Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , 24 ( 1 ) : 75 – 88 .
  • Wigfield , A. , Tonks , S. and Eccles , J.S. 2004 . “ Expectancy-value theory in cross-cultural perspective ” . In Big theories revisited , Edited by: McInerney , D.M. and Van Etten , S. 165 – 198 . Greenwich, CT : Information Age .
  • Winters , K.C. , Stinchfield , R. and Fulkerson , J. 1993 . Toward the development of an adolescent gambling problem severity scale . Journal of Gambling Studies , 9 : 63 – 84 .
  • Worthington , R.L. and Whittaker , T.A. 2006 . Scale development research: A content analysis and recommendations for best practices . Counseling Psychologist , 34 : 806 – 838 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.