Limit your time, gamble responsibly: setting a time limit (via pop-up message) on an electronic gaming machine reduces time on device

References

• Auer, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2013). Voluntary limit setting and player choice in most intense online gamblers: An empirical study of gambling behaviour. Journal of Gambling Studies, 29, 647–660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey, B. P., Konstan, J. A., & Carlis, J. V. (2001). The effects of interruptions on task performance, annoyance, and anxiety in the user interface. Proceedings of the IFIP TC.13 international conference on human–computer interaction (pp. 593–601), Tokyo, Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Blaszczynski, A., Gainsbury, S., & Karlov, L. (in press). Blue Gum gaming machine: An evaluation of responsible gambling features. Journal of Gambling Studies. Advance online publication published online March 22, 2013 doi:10.1007/s10899-013-9378-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaszczynski, A., Ladouceur, R., & Shaffer, H. J. (2004). A science-based framework for responsible gambling: The reno model. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20, 301–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breen, R. B. (2005). Rapid onset of pathological gambling in machine gamblers: A replication. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2, 44–49.
   Google Scholar
• Breen, R. B., & Zimmerman, M. (2002). Rapid onset of pathological gambling in machine gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18, 31–43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cloutier, M., Ladouceur, R., & Sévigny, S. (2006). Responsible gambling tools: Pop-up messages and pauses on video lottery terminals. The Journal of Psychology, 140, 434–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Currie, S. R., Hodgins, D. C., Wang, J., El-Guebaly, N., & Wynne, H. (2008). In pursuit of empirically based responsible gambling limits. International Gambling Studies, 8, 207–227.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, A., & Rose, D. (2000). The experimental method in psychology. Research Methods in Psychology, 2, 42–58.
   Google Scholar
• Diskin, K. M., & Hodgins, D. C. (2001). Narrowed focus and dissociative experiences in a community sample of experienced video lottery gamblers. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des Sciences du comportement, 33, 58–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferris, J., & Wynne, H. (2001). The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: User's manual. Toronto, ON: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse.
   Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., Whelan, J. P., & Meyers, A. W. (2006). Use of warning messages to modify gambling beliefs and behavior in a laboratory investigation. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20, 69–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fong, T. W. (2005). The biopsychosocial consequences of pathological gambling. Psychiatry (Edgmont), 2, 22–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gainsbury, S., & Blaszczynski, A. (2011). The appropriateness of using laboratories and student participants in gambling research. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27, 83–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gainsbury, S., Russell, A., & Blaszczynski, A. (2014). Are psychology university student gamblers representative of non-university students and general gamblers? A comparative analysis. Journal of Gambling Studies, 30, 11–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths, M. D., Wood, R. T., & Parke, J. (2009). Social responsibility tools in online gambling: A survey of attitudes and behavior among internet gamblers. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12, 413–421.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hing, N. (2003). An assessment of member awareness, perceived adequacy, and perceived effectiveness of responsible gambling strategies in Sydney clubs. Retrieved May 4, 2013, from http://epubs.scu.edu.au/.
   Google Scholar
• Hing, N. (2004). The efficacy of responsible gambling measures in NSW clubs: The gambler's perspective. Gambling Research, 16, 32–46.
   Google Scholar
• Hollenbeck, J. R., Williams, C. R., & Klein, H. J. (1989). An empirical examination of the antecedents of commitment to difficult goals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 18–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladouceur, R., Blaszczynski, A., & Lalande, D. R. (2012). Pre-commitment in gambling: A review of the empirical evidence. International Gambling Studies, 12, 215–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladouceur, R., & Sévigny, S. (2009). Electronic gambling machines: Influence of a clock, a cash display, and a precommitment on gambling time. Journal of Gambling Issues, 23, 31–41.
   Google Scholar
• Lalande, D. R., & Ladouceur, R. (2011). Can cybernetics inspire gambling research? A limit-based conceptualization of self-control. International Gambling Studies, 11, 237–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manitoba Gaming Control Commission. (2009). Limit - setting campaign evaluation report. Retrieved from http://www.mgcc.mb.ca/forms/limits_report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• McDonnell-Phillips Pty Ltd. (2006). Australian National Survey of Gambler Precommitment Behaviour. Gambling Research Australia, Melbourne, Victoria.
   Google Scholar
• Monaghan, S. (2008). Review of pop-up messages on electronic gaming machines as a proposed responsible gambling strategy. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 6, 214–222.
   Google Scholar
• Monaghan, S., & Blaszczynski, A. (2007). Recall of electronic gaming machine signs: A static versus a dynamic mode of presentation. Journal of Gambling Issues, 20, 253–267.
   Google Scholar
• Monaghan, S., & Blaszczynski, A. (2010). Impact of mode of display and message content of responsible gambling signs for electronic gaming machines on regular gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26, 67–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, S. M., Thomas, A. C., Kyrios, M., & Bates, G. (2012). The self-regulation of gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 28, 405–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, T., Kofoed, L., Buchkoski, J., & Carr, R. D. (1996). Video lottery gambling: Effects on pathological gamblers seeking treatment in South Dakota. Journal of Gambling Studies, 12, 451–460.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moyers, T. B., Martin, T., Christopher, P. J., Houck, J. M., Tonigan, J. S., & Amrhein, P. C. (2007). Client language as a mediator of motivational interviewing efficacy: Where is the evidence?Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31, 40s–47s.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mussell, M. P., Mitchell, J. E., Crosby, R. D., Fulkerson, J. A., Hoberman, H. M., & Romano, J. L. (2000). Commitment to treatment goals in prediction of group cognitive-behavioral therapy treatment outcome for women with bulimia nervosa. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 432–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, S. C., & Thompson, A. H. (2007). The association between pathological gambling and attempted suicide: Findings from a national survey in Canada. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 605–612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noseworthy, T. J., & Finlay, K. (2009). A comparison of ambient casino sound and music: Effects on dissociation and on perceptions of elapsed time while playing slot machines. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25, 331–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyer, P. U., & Dellande, S. (2010). Public commitment as a motivator for weight loss. Psychology & Marketing, 27(1), 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parush, A., Wohl, M. J. A., Mitchell, K., & Kim, H. S. (2013). Facilitating responsible gambling through persuasive technology: Using human-computer interaction principles to better money limit tools [Research Report]. Guelph, ON: Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Polatschek, A., Wadden, L., & Gwynn, M. (2013, November). My-Play: Nova Scotia's experience with a responsible gambling system for VLT's. In N. Grinblat (Chair). Responsible gambling technology. Symposium conducted at the 23rd Annual Conference on National Association for Gambling Studies, Sydney, Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Potenza, M. N., Kosten, T. R., & Rounsaville, B. J. (2001). Pathological gambling. Jama, 286, 141–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Responsible Gambling Council. (2006). Electronic gaming machines and problem gambling. Report prepared for the Saskatchewan Liquor and Gambling Authority. Retrieved from http://www.responsiblegambling.org/docs/research-reports/electronic-gaming-machines-and-problem-gambling.pdf?sfvrsn=10.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, I. N., Lucas, A. F., Jang, D., & Kim, J. (2008). Gambling and the law ® : Regulators punt on proposed internet gaming regulations. Gaming Law Review, 12(1), 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Schellink, T., & Schrans, T. (2002). Atlantic Lottery corporation video lottery responsible gaming feature research: Final report. Halifax, NS: Focal Research Consultants.
   Google Scholar
• Schellinck, T., & Schrans, T. (2007). The Nova Scotia player tracking data analysis. Focal Research Consultants Ltd. Halifax, NS: Nova Scotia Gaming Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Schrans, T., Grace, J., & Schellinck, T. (2004). 2003 NS VL responsible gaming features evaluation: Final report. Report prepared by Focal Research Consultants Ltd. for the Nova Scotia Gaming Corporation, Halifax, Nova Scotia, October 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, G. J., & Wynne, H. J. (2004). VLT gambling in Alberta: A preliminary analysis. Alberta Gaming Research Institute. Retrieved from http://www.assembly.ab.ca/lao/library/egovdocs/algri/2004/143062.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Squires, E. C., Sztainert, T., Gillen, N. R., Caouette, J., & Wohl, M. J. A. (2012). The problem with self-forgiveness: Forgiving the self deters readiness to change among gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 28, 337–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, M. J., & Wohl, M. J. A. (2013). Pop-up messages, dissociation, and craving: How monetary limit reminders facilitate adherence in a session of slot machine gambling. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27, 268–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, N. E., Wiebe, J., Falkowski-Ham, A., Kelly, J., & Skinner, W. (2005). Public awareness of responsible gambling and gambling behaviours in Ontario. International Gambling Studies, 5, 95–112.
   Google Scholar
• Warren, K., Parush, A., Wohl, M. J. A., & Kim, H. S. (in press). Embedded disruption in online slot machines facilitates responsible gambling. Proceedings of Persuasive 2014, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Weinstock, J., Ledgerwood, D. M., & Petry, N. M. (2007). Association between posttreatment gambling behavior and harm in pathological gamblers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21, 185–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiebe, J., & Cox, B. J. (2001). A profile of Canadian adults seeking treatment for gambling problems and comparisons with adults entering an alcohol treatment program. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 46, 418–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, D. J., & Connolly, R. (2006). Does learning about the mathematics of gambling change gambling behavior?Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20, 62–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wohl, M. J. A., Christie, K., Matheson, K., & Anisman, H. (2010). Animation-based education as a gambling prevention tool: Correcting erroneous cognitions and reducing the frequency of exceeding limits among slot players. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26, 469–486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wohl, M. J. A., Gainsbury, S., Stewart, M. J., & Sztainert, T. (2013). Facilitating responsible gambling: The relative effectiveness of education-based animation and monetary limit setting pop-up messages among electronic gaming machine players. Journal of Gambling Studies, 29, 703–717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wulfert, E., Franco, C., Williams, K., Roland, B., & Maxson, J. H. (2008). The role of money in the excitement of gambling. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22, 380–390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wynne, H. (2009). Evaluating VLT responsible gaming features in Alberta: Phase II final report. Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission. Retrieved from https://aglc.ca/pdf/gaming/news_releases/VLT_responsible_features_phase2_report.pdf.
   Google Scholar