References
- Arnett, J. (2005). The developmental context of substance use in emerging adulthood. Journal of Drug Issues, 35, 235–254.
- Aseltine, R. H., & Gore, S. L. (2000). The variable effects of stress on alcohol use from adolescence to early adulthood. Substance Use and Misuse, 35, 643–668.
- Auerbach, K. J., & Collins, L. M. (2006). A multidimensional model of alcohol use during emerging adulthood. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 67(6), 917–925.
- Bachman, J. G., O’Malley, P. M., & Schullenberg, J. E. (2002). The decline of substance use in young adulthood. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Bagby, R. M., Vachon, D. D., Bulmash, E. L., Toneatto, T., Quilty, L. C., & Costa, P. T. (2007). Pathological gambling and the five-factor model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 873–880.
- Barnes, G. M., Welte, J. W., Hoffman, J. H., & Tidwell, M. C. (2009). Gambling, alcohol, and other substance use among youth in the United States. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 70, 134–142.
- Barnes, G. M., Welte, J. W., Tidwell, M., & Hoffman, J. H. (2015). Gambling and substance use: Cooccurence among adults in a recent general population study in the United States. International Gambling Studies, 15(1), 55–71.
- Bartone, P., Hystad, S., Eid, J., & Brevik, J. (2012). Psychological hardiness and coping styles as risk/resilience factors for alcohol abuse. Military Medicine, 177(5), 517–524.
- Bentler, P. M., & Chou, C. P. (1987). Practical issues in structural modeling. Sociological Methods and Research, 16, 78–117.
- Bergevin, T., Gupta, R., Derevensky, J., & Kaufman, F. (2006). Adolescent gambling: Understanding the role of stress and coping. Journal of Gambling Studies, 22(2), 195–208.
- Calado, F., Alexandre, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Prevalence of adolescent problem gambling: A systematic review of recent research. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(2), 397–424.
- Carbonneau, R., Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., & Tremblay, R. E. (2015a). Trajectories of gambling problems from mid-adolescence to age 30 in a general population cohort. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 29, 1012–1021.
- Carbonneau, R., Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., & Tremblay, R. E. (2015b). Variety of gambling activities from adolscence to age 30 and association with gambling problems: A 15-year longitudinal study of a general population sample. Addiction, 110(12), 1985–1993.
- Conner, K., Pinquart, M., & Gamble, S. (2009). Meta-analysis of depression and substance use among individuals with alcohol use disorders. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 37, 127–137.
- Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). NEO Pi-R professional manual. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources Inc.
- Curran, P. J., & Hussong, A. M. (2003). The use of latent trajectory models in psychopathology research. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 526–544.
- Currie, S. R., Hodgins, D. C., & Casey, D. M. (2013). Validity of the Problem Gambling Severity Index interpretive categories. Journal of Gambling Studies, 29, 311–327.
- Davoren, M. P., Demant, J., Shiley, F., & Perry, I. J. (2016). Alcohol consumption among univeristy students in Ireland and the United Kingdom from 2002 to 2014: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 16, 173.
- Dick, D. M., Smith, G., Olausson, P., Mitchell, S. H., Leeman, R. F., O’Malley, S. S., & Sher, K. (2010). Understanding the construct of impulsivity and its relationship to alcohol use disorders. Addiction Biology, 15, 217–226.
- Dickson, L. M., Derevensky, J. L., & Gupta, R. (2008). The prevention of gambling problems in youth: A conceptual framework. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18(2), 97–159.
- Donovan, J. E., & Jessor, R. (1985). Structure of problem behavior in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Consulting and Clincal Psychology, 53(6), 890–904.
- Edgerton, J. D., Melnyk, T. S., & Roberts, L. W. (2015). An exploratory study of multiple distinct gambling trajectories in emerging adults. Journal of Youth Studies, 18(6), 743–762.
- Edkins, T., Edgerton, J. D., & Roberts, L. W. (2017). Correlates of binge drinking in a sample of Canadian university students. International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, 8(1), 112–143.
- el-Guebaly, N., Pattern, S. B., Currie, S. R., Williams, M. J., Beck, C., & Maxwell, C. (2006). Epidemiological associations between gambling behaviour, substance use and mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of Gambling Studies, 22, 275–287.
- Elman, I., Tschibelu, E., & Borsook, D. (2010). Psychological stress and its relationship to gambling urges in individuals with pathological gambling. The American Journal on Addictions, 19(4), 332–339.
- Enders, C. (2010). Applied missing data analysis. New York: Guilford Press.
- Ferris, J., & Wynne, H. (2001). The Canadian problem gambling index: Final report. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse.
- Finn, M., & Robinson, E. A. (2012). Personality and drinking behavior in alcohol dependence: A survival analysis. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 30(2), 146–162.
- Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21(3), 219–239.
- Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1988). Ways of coping questionnaire sampler set: Manual, test booklet, scoring key. Menlo Park, CA: Mind Garden Inc.
- Goudriaan, A. E., Slutske, W. S., Krull, J. L., & Sher, K. J. (2009). Longitudinal patterns of gambling activities and associated risk factors in college students. Addiction, 104, 1219–1232.
- Green, S. B., Akey, T. M., Fleming, K. K., Hershberger, S. L., & Marquis, J. G. (1997). Effect of the number of scale points on Chi-square fit indices on Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Structural Equation Modeling, 4, 108–120.
- Gupta, R., Derevensky, J., & Manget, N. (2004). Coping Strategies Employed by Adolescents with Gambling Problems. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 9(3), 115–120.
- Hardoon, K. K., Gupta, R., & Derenvensky, J. L. (2004). Psychosocial variables associated with adolescent gambling. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18(2), 170–179.
- Hayatbakhsh, M. R., Clavarino, A., Williams, G. M., Bor, W., & Najman, J. M. (2012). Young adults’ gambling and its association with mental health and substance use problems. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 36(2), 160–166.
- Health Canada. (2012). Canadian alcohol and drug use monitoring survey. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/health-concerns/drug-prevention-treatment/drug-alcohol-use-statistics/canadian-alcohol-drug-use-monitoring-survey-summary-results-2011.html#a8
- Huang, J. H., & Boyer, R. (2007). Epidemiology of youth gambling problems in Canada: A national prevalence study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 657–665.
- Jackson, K. M., & Sartor, C. E. (2016). The natural course of substance use and dependence. In K. J. Sher (Ed.), Oxford Handbook of Substance Use Disorders (Vol. 2, pp. 67–131). New York: Oxford Univeristy Press.
- Jackson, K. M., & Sher, K. J. (2005). Similarities and differences of longitudinal phenotypes across alternate indices of alcohol involvement: A methodologic comparison of trajectory approaches. Psychology of Addictive Behavior, 19, 339–351.
- Jane-Llopis, E., & Matytsina, I. (2006). Mental health and alcohol, drugs, and tobacco: A review of the comorbidity between mental disorders and the use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs. Drug and Alcohol Review, 25, 515–536.
- Jessor, R., & Jessor, S. L. (1977). Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A longitudinal study of youth. New York, NY: Academic Press.
- Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2008). Monitoring the future national survey results on druge use, 1975-2007. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
- Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Schulenberg, J. E., & Miech, R. A. (2016). Monitoring the future: national survey results on drug use, 1975–2015 (Vol. 2, College students and adults ages 19–55). Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan.
- Jung, T., & Wickrama, K. A. (2008). An introduction to latent class growth analysis and growth mixture modeling. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 302–317.
- Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., & Mroczek, D. (1998). The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview short form (CIDI-SF). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 7, 171–185.
- King, K. M., & Chassin, L. (2004). Mediating and moderated effects of adolescent behavioral undercontrol and parenting in the prediction of drug use disorders in emerging adulthood. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18, 239–249.
- Ladd, G. T., & Petry, N. M. (2003). A comparison of pathological gamblers with and without substance treatment histories. Experimental Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11, 202–209.
- Lee, J. O., Hill, K. G., Guttmannova, K., Bailey, J. A., Hartigan, L. A., Hawkins, J. D., & Catalano, R. K. (2012). The effects of general and alcohol-specific peer factors in adolescence on trajectories of alcohol abuse disorder symptoms from 21 to 33 years. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 121, 213–219.
- Lejeuz, C. W., Magidson, J. F., Mitchell, S. H., Sinha, R., Stevens, M. C., & De Wit, H. (2010). Behavioral and biological indicators of impulsivity in the development of alcohol use, problems, and disorders. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 34, 1334–1345.
- Lightsey, O. R., Jr., & Hulsey, C. D. (2002). Implusivity, coping, stress, and problem gambling among university students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49(2), 202–211.
- Locke, T. F., & Newcomb, M. D. (2004). Adolescent predictors of young adult and adult alcohol involvement and dysphoria in a prospective community sample of women. Prevention Science, 5, 151–168.
- Lorains, F. K., Cowlishaw, S., & Thomas, S. A. (2011). Prevalence of comorbid disorders in problem gamlbing and pathological gambling: Systematic review and meta-analysis of population surveys. Addiction, 106, 490–498.
- Malouff, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B., Rooke, S. E., & Schutte, N. S. (2007). Alcohol involvement and the five-factor model of personality: A meta-analysis. Journal of Drug Education, 37(3), 277–294.
- Mishra, S., Lalumiere, M. L., & Williams, R. J. (2017). Gambling, risk-taking, and antisocial behaviour: A replication study supporting the generality of deviance. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33, 15–36.
- Moffitt, T. E. (2008). A review on the taxonomy of life-course persistent versus adolescence-limited antisocial behavior. In F. T. Cullen, J. P. Wright, & K. R. Blevins (Eds.), Taking stock: The status of criminological theory (pp. 277–311). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
- Muthén, L., & Muthén, B. (2012). Mplus user’s guide: Version 7. Los Angelos, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
- Mutti-Packer, S., Hodgins, D. C., el-Guebaly, N., Casey, D. M., Currie, S. R., Williams, R. J., … Schopflocher, D. P. (2017). Problem gambling symptomatology and alcohol misues among adolescents: A parallel-process latent growth curve model. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31(4), 447–456.
- Myrseth, H., Pallesen, S., Molde, H., Johnsen, B. H., & Lorvik, I. M. (2009). Personality factors as predictors of pathological gambling. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 933–937.
- Nagin, D. S. (2005). Group-based modelling of development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Nagin, D. S., & Tremblay, R. (2005). Developmental trajectory groups: Fact or useful statistical fiction?. Criminology, 43(4), 873–903.
- Nelson, C. B., Kessler, R. C., & Mroczek, D. (2001). Scoring the World Health Organization’s Composite International Diagnostic Interview short form (CIDI-SF). Geneva, CH: World Health Organization.
- Nower, L., Derevensky, J., & Gupta, R. (2004). The relationship of impulsivity, sensastion seeking, coping and substance use in youth gamblers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18(1), 49–55.
- Nylund, K. L., Aspaouhov, A., & Muthén, B. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 535–569.
- O’Malley, P. (2004). Maturing out of problematic alcohol use. Alcohol Research and Health, 28(4), 202–204.
- Patton, J. H., Stanford, M. S., & Barratt, E. S. (1995). Factor struture of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(6), 768–774.
- Petry, N. M., & Champine, R. (2012). Gambling and drug use. In J. Verster (Ed.), Drug abuse and addiction in medical illness: Causes, consequences and treatement (pp. 489–496). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
- Petry, N. M., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F. (2005). Comorbidity of DSM-IV pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, 564–574.
- Petry, N. M., & Weiss, L. (2009). Social support is associated with gambling treatement outcomes in pathological gamblers. American Journal on Addictions, 18, 402–408.
- Pino-Gutierrez, A. D. (2017). Impact of alcohol consumption on clinical aspects of gambling disorder. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 26, 121–128.
- Preacher, K. J., Wichman, A. L., MacCallum, R. C., & Briggs, N. E. (2008). Latent growth curve modelling. Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage.
- Raferty, A. E. (1995). Bayesian Model Selection in Social Research. Sociological Methodology, 25, 111–163.
- Rafnsson, F. D., Jonsson, F. H., & Windle, M. (2006). Coping strategies, stressful life events, problem behaviors, and depressed affect. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 19, 241–257.
- Ram, N., & Grimm, K. J. (2009). Growth mixture modeling for identifying differences in longitudinal change among unobserved groups. International Journal of Behavioural Development, 33(6), 565–576.
- Rush, B., Urbanoski, K., Bassani, D., Castel, S., Wild, T., Strike, C., … Somers, J. (2008). Prevalence of co-occurring substance use and other mental disorders in the Canadian population. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 53(12), 800–809.
- Sarason, I. G., Johnson, J. H., & Siegel, J. M. (1978). Assessing the impact of life changes: Development of the life experiences survey. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46(5), 932–946.
- Schulenberg, J. E., & Maggs, J. L. (2002). A developmental perspective on alcohol use and heavy drinking during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood. Journal of Alcohol Studies, 14, 54–70.
- Schulenberg, J. E., Sameroff, A. J., & Cicchetti, D. (2004). The transition to adulthood as a critical juncture in the course of psychopathology and mental health. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 799–806.
- Schulenberg, J. E., & Zarrett, N. R. (2006). Mental health during emerging adulthood: Continuity and discontinuity in courses, causes and functions. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in america: coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 135–172). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Shaffer, H. J., LaPlante, D. A., LaBrie, R. A., Kidman, R. C., Donato, A. N., & Stanton, M. V. (2004). Toward a syndrome model of addiction: Multiple expressions, common etiology. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 12, 367–374.
- Stahlbrandt, H., Leifman, A., Johnsson, K. O., & Berglund, M. (2010). Alcohol trajectories over three years in a Swedish residence hall student population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7, 1432–1447.
- Statistics Canada. (2003). Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 21. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/health-sante/cycle2_1/index-eng.htm.
- Stewart, S. H., Grant, V. V., Mackie, C. J., & Conrad, P. J. (2016). Comorbidity of anxiety and depression with substance use disorders. In K. J. Sher (Ed.), Oxford handbook of substance use disorders (Vol. 2, pp. 149–186). New York, NY: Oxford Univeristy Press.
- Stinchfield, R. (2011). Fambling among Minnesota public school students from 1992 to 2007: Declines in youth gambling. Psychology of Addictive Behaviours, 25(1), 108–117.
- Sussman, S., & Arnett, J. J. (2014). Emerging Adulthood: Developmental period facilitative of addictions. Evaluation and the Health Professions, 37(2), 147–155.
- Toneatto, T., & Nguyen, L. (2007). Individual characteristics of problem gambling behavior. In G. Smith, D. C. Hodgins, & R. J. Williams (Eds.), Research and measurement issues in gambling studies (pp. 279–303). London: Academic Press.
- Vitaro, F., Wanner, B., Ladouceur, R., Brendgen, M., & Tremblay, R. E. (2004). Trajectories of Gambling During Adolesence. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20(1), 47–69.
- Volberg, R. A., Gupta, R., Griffiths, M. D., Olason, D. T., & Delfabbro, P. (2010). An international perspective on youth gambling prevalence studies. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 22, 3–38.
- Walters, E. E., Kessler, R. C., Nelson, C. B., & Mroczek, D. (2002). Scoring the World Health Oganization’s Composite International Diagnostic Interview short form (CIDI-SF). Geneva: WHO.
- Wang, M., & Bodner, T. E. (2007). Growth mixture modeling: Identifying and predicting unobserved subpopulations with longitudinal data. Organizational Research Methods, 10(4), 635–665.
- Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., Tidwell, M., & Hoffman, J. H. (2008). The prevalence of problem gambling among U.S. adolescents and young adults: Results from a National Survey. Journal of Gambling Studies, 24, 119–133.
- Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., Tidwell, M., & Hoffman, J. H. (2011). Gambling and problem gambling across the lifespan. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27, 49–61.
- Williams, R. J., & Volberg, R. A. (2009). Impact of survey description, administration format, and exclusionary criteria on population prevalence rates of problem gambling. International Gambling Studies, 9(2), 101–117.
- Williams, R. J., & Volberg, R. A. (2010). Best practices in the population assessment of problem gambling. Guelph, ON: Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre.
- Windle, M., Mun, E. Y., & Windle, R. C. (2005). Adolescent-to-young adulthood heavy drinking trajectories and their prospective predictors. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 66(3), 313–322.
- Wingo, A. P., Baldessarini, R. J., & Windle, M. (2015). Coping styles: Longitudinal development from ages 17 to 33 and associations with psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Research, 225(3), 299–304.
- Winters, K. C., Stinchfield, R. D., Botzet, A., & Stutske, W. S. (2005). Pathways of youth gambling severity. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 19(1), 104–107.
- Wittchen, H. U. (1994). Reliability and validity of studies of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI): A critical review. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 28, 57–84.
- Wynne, H. J. (2003). Introducing the Canadian problem gambling index. Calmar: Wynne Resources.
- Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of percieved social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41.