Innovative users’ diffusion channel selection: effects of lead userness and tacit need knowledge

References

• Abernathy, W. J., & Clark, K. B. (1985). Innovation: Mapping the winds of creative destruction. Research Policy, 14(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(85)90021-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrell, T., Benker, A., & Pihlajamaa, M. (2018). User knowledge utilization in innovation of complex products and systems: An absorptive capacity perspective. Creativity and Innovation Management, 27(2), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12244
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal, R., & Shah, S. K. (2014). Knowledge sources of entrepreneurship: Firm formation by academic, user and employee innovators. Research Policy, 43(7), 1109–1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.04.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexy, O., Frederiksen, L., & Hutter, K. (2020). Quo Vadis, open and user innovation theory? Innovation, 22(2), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2020.1741789
   Google Scholar
• An, M., & Ahmad, H. S. (2010). Knowledge management in construction projects: A way forward in dealing with tacit knowledge. International Journal of Information Technology Project Management, 1(2), 16–42. https://doi.org/10.4018/jitpm.2010040102
   Google Scholar
• Ansari, S., (Shaz), & Krop, P. (2012). Incumbent performance in the face of a radical innovation: Towards a framework for incumbent challenger dynamics. Research Policy, 41(8), 1357–1374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2012.03.024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antorini, Y. M., & Muñiz, A. M. (2013). The benefits and challenges of collaborating with user communities. Research-Technology Management, 56(3), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.5437/08956308X5603931
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arai, Y., & Kinukawa, S. (2014). Copyright infringement as user innovation. Journal of Cultural Economics, 38(2), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-013-9200-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett, D. B., & Wittmann, C. M. (2014). Improving marketing success: The role of tacit knowledge exchange between sales and marketing. Journal of Business Research, 67(3), 324–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.01.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Augier, M., & Thanning Vendelø, M. (1999). Networks, cognition and management of tacit knowledge. Journal of Knowledge Management, 3(4), 252–261. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673279910304005
   Google Scholar
• Autio, E., Dahlander, L., & Frederiksen, L. (2013). Information exposure, opportunity evaluation, and entrepreneurial action: An investigation of an online user community. Academy of Management Journal, 56(5), 1348–1371. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0328
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin, C. Y., Hienerth, C., & Von Hippel, E. A. (2006). How user innovations become commercial products: A theoretical investigation and case study. Research Policy, 35(9), 1291–1313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, M., Lopes-Bento, C., & Schenker-Wicki, A. (2016). Radical or incremental: Where does R&D policy hit? Research Policy, 45(4), 869–883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.01.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogers, M., Afuah, A., & Bastian, B. (2010). Users as innovators: A review, critique, and future research directions. Journal of Management, 36(4), 857–875. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309353944
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borges, R. (2013). Tacit knowledge sharing between IT workers: The role of organizational culture, personality, and social environment. Management Research Review, 36(1), 89–108. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409171311284602
   Google Scholar
• Brady, T., Salas, C., Nuriddin, A., Rodgers, W., & Subramaniam, M. (2014). MakeAbility: Creating accessible makerspace events in a public library. Public Library Quarterly, 33(4), 330–347. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2014.970425
   Google Scholar
• Braun, M. T. (2013). Obstacles to social networking website use among older adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 673–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brockhaus, R. H. (1980). Risk taking propensity of entrepreneurs. Academy of Management Journal, 23(3), 509–520. https://doi.org/10.2307/255515
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryman, A. (2008). Social research methods. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Burnette, M. (2017). Tacit knowledge sharing among library colleagues: A pilot study. Reference Services Review, 45(3), 382–397. https://doi.org/10.1108/RSR-11-2016-0082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casson, M., & Wadeson, N. (2007). The discovery of opportunities: Extending the economic theory of the entrepreneur. Small Business Economics, 28(4), 285–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-006-9037-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatterji, A. K. (2009). Spawned with a silver spoon? Entrepreneurial performance and innovation in the medical device industry. Strategic Management Journal, 30(2), 185–206. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.729
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatterji, A. K., & Fabrizio, K. R. (2012). How do product users influence corporate invention? Organization Science, 23(4), 971–987. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1110.0675
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, C. M., & Rosenbloom, R. S. (1995). Explaining the attacker’s advantage: Technological paradigms, organizational dynamics, and the value network. Research Policy, 24(2), 233–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(93)00764-K
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuang, C. H., Jackson, S. E., & Jiang, Y. (2016). Can knowledge-intensive teamwork be managed? Examining the roles of HRM systems, leadership, and tacit knowledge. Journal of Management, 42(2), 524–554. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313478189
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, K. (1985). The interaction of design hierarchies and market concepts in technological evolution. Research Policy, 14(5), 235–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(85)90007-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Dahlander, L., & Wallin, M. W. (2006). A man on the inside: Unlocking communities as complementary assets. Research Policy, 35(8), 1243–1259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.09.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson, J. F. (2014). Moderation in management research: What, why, when, and how. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-013-9308-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jong, J. P. J. (2016). Surveying innovation in samples of individual end consumers. European Journal of Innovation Management, 19(3), 406–423. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-09-2015-0093
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jong, J. P. J., Ben-Menahem, S. M., Franke, N., Füller, J., & Von Krogh, G. (2021). Treading new ground in household sector innovation research: Scope, emergence, business implications, and diffusion. Research Policy, 50(8), 104270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104270
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jong, J. P. J., Gillert, N. L., & Stock, R. M. (2018). First adoption of consumer innovations: Exploring market failure and alleviating factors. Research Policy, 47(2), 487–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.01.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jong, J. P. J., & Vermeulen, P. A. M. (2003). Organizing successful new service development: A literature review. Management Decision, 41(9), 844–858. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740310491706
   Google Scholar
• De Jong, J. P. J., Von Hippel, E. A., Gault, F., Kuusisto, J., & Raasch, C. (2015). Market failure in the diffusion of consumer-developed innovations: Patterns in Finland. Research Policy, 44(10), 1856–1865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.06.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Leeuw, A., Valois, P., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2015). Using the theory of planned behavior to identify key beliefs underlying pro-environmental behavior in high-school students : Implications for educational interventions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 42, 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimov, D. (2010). Nascent entrepreneurs and venture emergence: Opportunity confidence, human capital, and early planning. Journal of Management Studies, 47(6), 1123–1153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00874.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dosi, G. (1982). Technological paradigms and technological trajectories: A suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technical change. Research Policy, 11(3), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(82)90016-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Droge, C., Stanko, M. A., & Pollitte, W. A. (2010). Lead users and early adopters on the web: The role of new technology product blogs. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(1), 66–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2009.00700.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, I. (2011). Lead-user research for breakthrough innovation. Research-Technology Management, 54(1), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2011.11657673
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elwyn, G., Taubert, M., & Kowalczuk, J. (2007). Sticky knowledge: A possible model for investigating implementation in healthcare contexts. Implementation Science, 2(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-2-44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Enkel, E., & Heil, S. (2014). Preparing for distant collaboration: Antecedents to potential absorptive capacity in cross-industry innovation. Technovation, 34(4), 242–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2014.01.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fauchart, E., & Gruber, M. (2011). Darwinians, communitarians, and missionaries: The role of founder identity in entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Journal, 54(5), 935–957. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.0211
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fauchart, E., & Von Hippel, E. A. (2008). Norms-based intellectual property systems: The case of French chefs. Organization Science, 19(2), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1070.0314
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franke, N., Keinz, P., & Schreier, M. (2008). Complementing mass customization toolkits with user communities: How peer input improves customer self‐design. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(6), 546–559. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2008.00321.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franke, N., & Piller, F. (2004). Toolkits for user innovation and design: An exploration of user interaction and value creation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 21(6), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0737-6782.2004.00094.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franke, N., Poetz, M. K., & Schreier, M. (2014). Integrating problem solvers from analogous markets in new product ideation. Management Science, 60(4), 1063–1081. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1805
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franke, N., Schirg, F., & Reinsberger, K. (2016). The frequency of end-user innovation: A re-estimation of extant findings. Research Policy, 45(8), 1684–1689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.04.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franke, N., & Shah, S. (2003). How communities support innovative activities: An exploration of assistance and sharing among end-users. Research Policy, 32(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00006-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franke, N., & Von Hippel, E. A. (2003). Satisfying heterogeneous user needs via innovation toolkits: The case of Apache security software. Research Policy, 32(7), 1199–1215. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00049-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franke, N., Von Hippel, E. A., & Schreier, M. (2006). Finding commercially attractive user innovations: A test of lead‐user theory. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 23(4), 301–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2006.00203.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P., & Barron, K. E. (2004). Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(1), 115–134. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gambardella, A., Raasch, C., & Von Hippel, E. A. (2017). The user innovation paradigm: Impacts on markets and welfare. Management Science, 63(5), 1450–1468. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2393
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garavelli, A. C., Michele, G., & Barbara, S. (2002). Managing knowledge transfer by knowledge technologies. Technovation, 22(5), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(01)00009-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia, R., & Calantone, R. (2002). A critical look at technological innovation typology and innovativeness terminology: A literature review. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 19(2), 110–132. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.1920110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatignon, H., Tushman, M. L., Smith, W., & Anderson, P. (2002). A structural approach to assessing innovation: Construct development of innovation locus, type, and characteristics. Management Science, 48(9), 1103–1122. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.48.9.1103.174
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Globocnik, D., & Faullant, R. (2021). Do lead users cooperate with manufacturers in innovation? Investigating the missing link between lead userness and cooperation initiation with manufacturers. Technovation, 100, 102187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102187
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, S. G., Gavin, M. B., & Aiman-Smith, L. (1995). Assessing a multidimensional measure of radical technological innovation. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 42(3), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.1109/17.403738
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gürkan, G. Ç., & Demiralay, T. (2016). Individual innovativeness levels of lead users and non-lead users: The case study of surgeons in Turkey. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 7(7), 114–121. http://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_7_No_7_July_2016/13.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Haefliger, S., Jäger, P., & Von Krogh, G. (2010). Under the radar: Industry entry by user entrepreneurs. Research Policy, 39(9), 1198–1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haldin-Herrgard, T. (2000). Difficulties in diffusion of tacit knowledge in organizations. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(4), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930010359252
   Google Scholar
• Hau, Y. S., & Kim, Y. G. (2011). Why would online gamers share their innovation-conducive knowledge in the online game user community? Integrating individual motivations and social capital perspectives. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(2), 956–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.11.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2015). An index and test of linear moderated mediation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 50(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2014.962683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F., & Montoya, A. K. (2017). A tutorial on testing, visualizing, and probing an interaction involving a multicategorical variable in linear regression analysis. Communication Methods and Measures, 11(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2016.1271116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimstädt, M., & Reischauer, G. (2019). Framing innovation practices in interstitial issue fields: Open innovation in the NYC administration. Innovation: Management, Policy and Practice, 21(1), 128–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2018.1514259
   Google Scholar
• Heiskanen, E., & Lovio, R. (2010). User-producer interaction in housing energy innovations. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 14(1), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2009.00196.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herstatt, C., & Von Hippel, E. (1992). Developing new product concepts via the lead user method: A case study in a “low-tech” field. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 9(3), 213–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.930213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertel, G., Niedner, S., & Herrmann, S. (2003). Motivation of software developers in open source projects: An Internet-based survey of contributors to the Linux kernel. Research Policy, 32(7), 1159–1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00047-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hienerth, C. (2006). The commercialization of user innovations: The development of the rodeo kayak industry. R&D Management, 36(3), 273–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00430.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hienerth, C., & Lettl, C. (2011). Exploring how peer communities enable lead user innovations to become standard equipment in the industry: Community pull effects. The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(S1), 175–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00869.x
   Google Scholar
• Hienerth, C., & Lettl, C. (2017). Perspective: Understanding the nature and measurement of the lead user construct. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 34(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12318
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hienerth, C., Lettl, C., & Keinz, P. (2014). Synergies among producer firms, lead users, and user communities: The case of the LEGO producer–user ecosystem. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(4), 848–866. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12127
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Q., Davison, R. M., & Gu, J. (2011). The impact of trust, guanxi orientation and face on the intention of Chinese employees and managers to engage in peer-to-peer tacit and explicit knowledge sharing. Information Systems Journal, 21(6), 557–577. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2575.2010.00361.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyysalo, S. (2009). User innovation and everyday practices: Micro‐innovation in sports industry development. R&D Management, 39(3), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00558.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyysalo, S., Johnson, M., & Juntunen, J. K. (2017). The diffusion of consumer innovation in sustainable energy technologies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162(Supplement), S70–S82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, M. B., Hienerth, C., & Lettl, C. (2014). Forecasting the commercial attractiveness of user-generated designs using online data: An empirical study within the LEGO user community. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(S1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12193
   Google Scholar
• Jeppesen, L. B., & Frederiksen, L. (2006). Why do users contribute to firm-hosted user communities? The case of computer-controlled music instruments. Organization Science, 17(1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1050.0156
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeppesen, L. B., & Laursen, K. (2009). The role of lead users in knowledge sharing. Research Policy, 38(10), 1582–1589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2009.09.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johannessen, J. A., Olsen, B., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2001). Innovation as newness: What is new, how new, and new to whom? European Journal of Innovation Management, 4(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060110365547
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser, S., & Müller-Seitz, G. (2008). Leveraging lead user knowledge in softwaredevelopment: The case of weblog technology. Industry and Innovation, 15(2), 199–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662710801954542
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kajamaa, A., & Kumpulainen, K. (2019). Agency in the making: Analyzing students’ transformative agency in a school-based makerspace. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 26(3), 266–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749039.2019.1647547
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalogerakis, K., Lüthje, C., & Herstatt, C. (2010). Developing innovations based on analogies: Experience from design and engineering consultants. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(3), 418–436. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00725.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, G., & Zeng, L. (2001). Logistic regression in rare events data. Political Analysis, 9(2), 137–163. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pan.a004868
   Google Scholar
• Kirton, M. (1976). Adaptors and innovators: A description and measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61(5), 622. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.61.5.622
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirzner, I. M. (1978). Competition and entrepreneurship. University Of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Knight, F. H. (1921). Risk, uncertainty, and profit. Houghton Mifflin Company.
   Google Scholar
• Kogut, B., & Zander, U. (1992). Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organization Science, 3(3), 383–397. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.3.3.383
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korbel, J. J., & Grosse, M. (2020). Identification and classification of household sector innovation: The parallel product market and the importance of context and complexity. Innovation, 22(2), 193–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2019.1653766
   Google Scholar
• Kratzer, J., & Lettl, C. (2009). Distinctive roles of lead users and opinion leaders in the social networks of schoolchildren. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(4), 646–659. https://doi.org/10.1086/599324
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristensson, P., Gustafsson, A., & Archer, T. (2004). Harnessing the creative potential among users. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 21(1), 4–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0737-6782.2004.00050.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakhani, K. R., & Von Hippel, E. A. (2003). How open source software works: “Free” user-to-user assistance. Research Policy, 32(6), 923–943. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00095-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, C., & Coughlin, J. F. (2015). Older adults’ adoption of technology: An integrated approach to identifying determinants and barriers. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(5), 747–759. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12176
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H., Smith, K. G., & Grimm, C. M. (2003). The effect of new product radicality and scope on the extent and speed of innovation diffusion. Journal of Management, 29(5), 753–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(03)00034-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H., & Suh, Y. (2016). Who creates value in a user innovation community? A case study of MyStarbucksIdea.com. Online Information Review, 40(2), 170–186. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-04-2015-0132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner, J., & Tirole, J. (2002). Some simple economics of open source. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 50(2), 197–234. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6451.00174
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lettl, C., Herstatt, C., & Gemuenden, H. G. (2006). Users’ contributions to radical innovation: Evidence from four cases in the field of medical equipment technology. R&D Management, 36(3), 251–272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00431.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lilien, G. L., Morrison, P. D., Searls, K., Sonnack, M., & Von Hippel, E. A. (2002). Performance assessment of the lead user idea-generation process for new product development. Management Science, 48(8), 1042–1059. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.48.8.1042.171
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, C. P. (2007). To share or not to share: Modeling tacit knowledge sharing, its mediators and antecedents. Journal of Business Ethics, 70(4), 411–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9119-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linton, J. D. (2002). Forecasting the market diffusion of disruptive and discontinuous innovation. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 49(4), 365–374. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2002.806723
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lofstrom, M., Bates, T., & Parker, S. C. (2014). Why are some people more likely to become small-businesses owners than others: Entrepreneurship entry and industry-specific barriers. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(2), 232–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.01.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lüthje, C., & Herstatt, C. (2004). The lead user method: An outline of empirical findings and issues for future research. R&D Management, 34(5), 553–568. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2004.00362.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lüthje, C., Herstatt, C., & Von Hippel, E. A. (2005). User-innovators and “local” information: The case of mountain biking. Research Policy, 34(6), 951–965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.05.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacVaugh, J., & Schiavone, F. (2010). Limits to the diffusion of innovation: A literature review and integrative model. European Journal of Innovation Management, 13(2), 197–221. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601061011040258
   Google Scholar
• Marchi, G., Giachetti, C., & De Gennaro, P. (2011). Extending lead-user theory to online brand communities: The case of the community Ducati. Technovation, 31(8), 350–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2011.04.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mascitelli, R. (2000). Harnessing tacit knowledge to achieve breakthrough innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 17(3), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.1730179
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthing, J., Kristensson, P., Gustafsson, A., & Parasuraman, A. (2006). Developing successful technology‐based services: The issue of identifying and involving innovative users. Journal of Services Marketing, 20(5), 288–297. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040610679909
   Google Scholar
• Moors, E., Enzing, C., Van der Giessen, A., & Smits, R. (2003). User–producer interactions in functional genomics innovations. Innovation, 5(2–3), 120–143. https://doi.org/10.5172/impp.2003.5.2-3.120
   Google Scholar
• Morrison, P. D., Roberts, J. H., & Midgley, D. F. (2004). The nature of lead users and measurement of leading edge status. Research Policy, 33(2), 351–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2003.09.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison, P. D., Roberts, J. H., & Von Hippel, E. A. (2000). Determinants of user innovation and innovation sharing in a local market. Management Science, 46(12), 1513–1527. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.46.12.1513.12076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murmann, J. P., & Frenken, K. (2006). Toward a systematic framework for research on dominant designs, technological innovations, and industrial change. Research Policy, 35(7), 925–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, B. B., & Nielsen, S. (2009). Learning and innovation in international strategic alliances: An empirical test of the role of trust and tacitness. Journal of Management Studies, 46(6), 1031–1056. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00840.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishikawa, H., Schreier, M., Fuchs, C., & Ogawa, S. (2017). The value of marketing crowdsourced new products as such: Evidence from two randomized field experiments. Journal of Marketing Research, 54(5), 525–539. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmr.15.0244
   Google Scholar
• Nishikawa, H., Schreier, M., & Ogawa, S. (2012). User-generated versus designer-generated products: A performance assessment at Muji. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 30(2), 160–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2012.09.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nonaka, I., & Von Krogh, G. (2009). Tacit knowledge and knowledge conversion: Controversy and advancement in organizational knowledge creation theory. Organization Science, 20(3), 635–652. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1080.0412
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nooteboom, B. (2000). Learning by interaction: Absorptive capacity, cognitive distance and governance. Journal of Management and Governance, 4(1–2), 69–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009941416749
   Google Scholar
• O’Mahony, S., & Ferraro, F. (2007). The emergence of governance in an open source community. Academy of Management Journal, 50(5), 1079–1106. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.27169153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa, S. (1998). Does sticky information affect the locus of innovation? Evidence from the Japanese convenience-store industry. Research Policy, 26(7), 777–790. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00047-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa, S., & Piller, F. T. (2006). Reducing the risks of new product development. MIT Sloan Management Review, 47(2), 65–71. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/reducing-the-risks-of-new-product-development/
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, M. J. S. P., & Pinheiro, P. (2020). Factors and barriers to tacit knowledge sharing in non-profit organizations: A case study of volunteer firefighters in Portugal. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-020-00665-x
   Google Scholar
• Oliveira, P., Zejnilovic, L., Canhão, H., & Von Hippel, E. A. (2015). Innovation by patients with rare diseases and chronic needs. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 10(41), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-015-0257-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olson, E. L., & Bakke, G. (2001). Implementing the lead user method in a high technology firm: A longitudinal study of intentions versus actions. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 18(6), 388–395. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.1860388
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oztok, M. (2013). Tacit knowledge in online learning: Community, identity, and social capital. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 22(1), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2012.720414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panahi, S., Watson, J., & Partridge, H. (2016). Conceptualising social media support for tacit knowledge sharing: Physicians’ perspectives and experiences. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(2), 344–363. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-06-2015-0229
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Luño, A., Alegre, J., & Valle-Cabrera, R. (2019). The role of tacit knowledge in connecting knowledge exchange and combination with innovation. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 31(2), 186–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2018.1492712
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piller, F. T., & Walcher, D. (2006). Toolkits for idea competitions: A novel method to integrate users in new product development. R&D Management, 36(3), 307–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00432.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poetz, M. K., & Schreier, M. (2012). The value of crowdsourcing: Can users really compete with professionals in generating new product ideas? Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(2), 245–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00893.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polanyi, M. (1962). Personal knowledge: Towards a post-critical philosophy. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Puhr, R., Heinze, G., Nold, M., Lusa, L., & Geroldinger, A. (2017). Firth’s logistic regression with rare events: Accurate effect estimates and predictions? Statistics in Medicine, 36(14), 2302–2317. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quintana-Garcia, C., & Benavides-Velasco, C. A. (2004). Cooperation, competition, and innovative capability: A panel data of European dedicated biotechnology firms. Technovation, 24(12), 927–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(03)00060-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raasch, C., Herstatt, C., & Balka, K. (2009). On the open design of tangible goods. R&D Management, 39(4), 382–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00567.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations. The Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, S., & O’Connor, R. V. (2013). Acquiring and sharing tacit knowledge in software development teams: An empirical study. Information and Software Technology, 55(9), 1614–1624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2013.02.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-González, G., González-Álvarez, N., & Nieto, M. (2009). Sticky information and heterogeneous needs as determining factors of R&D cooperation with customers. Research Policy, 38(10), 1590–1603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2009.09.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawyer, R. K. (2008). Creativity, innovation, and obviousness. Lewis & Clark Law Review, 12(2), 461–487. https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/lewclr12&div=24&g_sent=1&casa_token=
   Google Scholar
• Schemmann, B., Herrmann, A. M., Chappin, M. M. H., & Heimeriks, G. J. (2016). Crowdsourcing ideas: Involving ordinary users in the ideation phase of new product development. Research Policy, 45(6), 1145–1154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.02.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreier, M., Oberhauser, S., & Prügl, R. (2007). Lead users and the adoption and diffusion of new products: Insights from two extreme sports communities. Marketing Letters, 18(1–2), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-006-9009-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreier, M., & Prügl, R. (2008). Extending lead‐user theory: Antecedents and consequences of consumers’ lead userness. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(4), 331–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2008.00305.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuhmacher, M. C., & Kuester, S. (2012). Identification of lead user characteristics driving the quality of service innovation ideas. Creativity and Innovation Management, 21(4), 427–442. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweisfurth, T. G. (2017). Comparing internal and external lead users as sources of innovation. Research Policy, 46(1), 238–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweisfurth, T. G., & Dharmawan, M. P. (2019). Does lead userness foster idea implementation and diffusion? A study of internal shopfloor users. Research Policy, 48(1), 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.08.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweisfurth, T. G., & Raasch, C. (2015). Embedded lead users: The benefits of employing users for corporate innovation. Research Policy, 44(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.09.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweisfurth, T. G., & Raasch, C. (2020). Caught between the users and the firm: How does identity conflict affect employees’ innovative behavior. Creativity and Innovation Management, 29(3), 380–397. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12380
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweitzer, F., Gassmann, O., & Rau, C. (2014). Lessons from ideation: Where does user involvement lead us? Creativity and Innovation Management, 23(2), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12058
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidler-de Alwis, R., & Hartmann, E. (2008). The use of tacit knowledge within innovative companies: Knowledge management in innovative enterprises. Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(1), 133–147. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270810852449
   Google Scholar
• Shah, S. K. (2006). Motivation, governance, and the viability of hybrid forms in open source software development. Management Science, 52(7), 1000–1014. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0553
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, S. K., & Tripsas, M. (2007). The accidental entrepreneur: The emergent and collective process of user entrepreneurship. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(1‐2), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.15
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shane, S. A. (2000). Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Organization Science, 11(4), 448–469. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.4.448.14602
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shane, S. A., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.2307/259271
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepherd, D., Shepherd, D. A., McMullen, J. S., & Jennings, P. D. (2007). The formation of opportunity beliefs: Overcoming ignorance and reducing doubt. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(1–2), 75–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skiba, F., & Herstatt, C. (2009). Users as sources for radical service innovations: Opportunities from collaboration with service lead users. International Journal of Services Technology and Management, 12(3), 317–337. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSTM.2009.025393
   Google Scholar
• Smith, S. W., & Shah, S. K. (2013). Do innovative users generate more useful insights? An analysis of corporate venture capital investments in the medical device industry. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 7(2), 151–167. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1152
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stock, R. M., Von Hippel, E. A., & Gillert, N. L. (2016). Impacts of personality traits on consumer innovation success. Research Policy, 45(4), 757–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svensson, P. O., & Hartmann, R. K. (2018). Policies to promote user innovation: Makerspaces and clinician innovation in Swedish hospitals. Research Policy, 47(1), 277–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.11.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szulanski, G. (1996). Exploring internal atickiness: Impendiments to the transfer of best within the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(1), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szulanski, G., Cappetta, R., & Jensen, R. J. (2004). When and how trustworthiness matters: Knowledge transfer and the moderating effect of causal ambiguity. Organization Science, 15(5), 600–613. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1040.0096
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Harper Collins.
   Google Scholar
• Teece, D. J. (1986). Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Research Policy, 15(6), 285–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(86)90027-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tekic, A., & Willoughby, K. (2019). Co-creation–child, sibling or adopted cousin of open innovation? Innovation, 21(2), 274–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2018.1530565
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tornatzky, L. G., & Klein, K. J. (1982). Innovation characteristics and innovation adoption- implementation: A meta-analysis of findings. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, EM-29(1), 28–45. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.1982.6447463
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrance, A. W., & Von Hippel, E. A. (2015). The right to innovate. Michigan State Law Review, 793, 793–829. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2339132
   Google Scholar
• Tripsas, M. (2008). Customer preference discontinuities: A trigger for radical technological change. Managerial and Decision Economics, 29(2–3), 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.1389
   Google Scholar
• Urban, G. L., & Von Hippel, E. A. (1988). Lead user analyses for the development of new industrial products. Management Science, 34(5), 569–582. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.34.5.569
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Utterback, J. M. (1994). Mastering the dynamics of innovation. Harvard Business Review Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vandor, P., & Franke, N. (2016). See Paris and … found a business? The impact of cross-cultural experience on opportunity recognition capabilities. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(4), 388–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2016.03.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Hippel, E. A. (1986). Lead users: A source of novel product concepts. Management Science, 32(7), 791–805. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.7.791
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Hippel, E. A. (1994). “Sticky information” and the locus of problem solving: Implications for innovation. Management Science, 40(4), 429–439. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.40.4.429
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Hippel, E. A. (2001). User toolkits for innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 18(4), 247–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.1840247
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Hippel, E. A. (2005). Democratizing innovation. The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Von Hippel, E. A. (2007). Horizontal innovation networks—By and for users. Industrial and Corporate Change, 16(2), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtm005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Hippel, E. A. (2016). Free innovation. The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Von Hippel, E. A., De Jong, J. P. J., & Flowers, S. (2012). Comparing business and household sector innovation in consumer products: Findings from a representative study in the United Kingdom. Management Science, 58(9), 1669–1681. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1110.1508
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Hippel, E. A., DeMonaco, H., & de Jong, J. P. J. (2017). Market failure in the diffusion of clinician developed innovations: The case of off-label drug discoveries. Science & Public Policy, 44(1), 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scw042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Hippel, E. A., & Katz, R. (2002). Shifting innovation to users via toolkits. Management Science, 48(7), 821–833. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.48.7.821.2817
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Hippel, E. A., Ogawa, S., & de Jong, J. (2011). The age of the consumer-innovator. MIT Sloan Management Review, 53(1), 27–35. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/the-age-of-the-consumer-innovator/
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Hippel, E. A., & Tyre, M. J. (1995). How learning by doing is done: Problem identification in novel process equipment. Research Policy, 24(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(93)00747-H
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vrgović, P., & Jošanov-Vrgović, I. (2017). Crowdsourcing user solutions: Which questions should companies ask to elicit the most ideas from its users? Innovation, 19(4), 452–462. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2017.1356618
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L., Yang, Y., & Li, Y. (2019). Extending lead-user theory to a virtual brand community: The roles of flow experience and trust. Asian Business and Management, 10, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41291-019-00097-9
   Google Scholar
• Wu, C. H., Kao, S. C., & Shih, L. H. (2010). Assessing the suitability of process and information technology in supporting tacit knowledge transfer. Behaviour & Information Technology, 29(5), 513–525. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290903490666
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, X. (2021). Differences between end user innovators and embedded user innovators in diffusion channel selection: The moderating role of technological advances. European Journal of Innovation Management, ahead-of-print(ahead–of–print). Forthcoming. 1-40. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2020-0272
   Google Scholar
• Yu, X., Kohlbacher, F., & Ogawa, S. (2020). How a user innovation origin affects firms’ subsequent innovation performance: The case of Japan’s fishing tackle industry. Innovation, 22(2), 160–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2019.1599290
   Google Scholar
• Zander, U., & Kogut, B. (1995). Knowledge and the speed of the transfer and imitation of organizational capabilities: An empirical test. Organization Science, 6(1), 76–92. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.6.1.76
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., & He, J. (2016). Critical factors affecting tacit-knowledge sharing within the integrated project team. Journal of Management in Engineering, 32(2), 04015045. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000402
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., He, J., & Zhou, S. (2013). Sharing tacit knowledge for integrated project team flexibility: Case study of integrated project delivery. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 139(7), 795–804. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000645
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar