A review on the heat transfer performance of pulsating heat pipes

References

• Aboutalebi, M., A. M. Nikravan Moghaddam, N. Mohammadi, and M. B. Shafii. 2013. “Experimental Investigation on Performance of a Rotating Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 45: 137–145. doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2013.04.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad, H., S. K. Kim, and S. Y. Jung. 2020. “Analysis of Thermally Driven Flow Behaviors for Two-turn Closed-loop Pulsating Heat Pipe in Ambient Conditions: An Experimental Approach.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 150: 119245. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmadi, M. H., M. Sadeghzadeh, A. H. Raffiee, and K. Chau. 2019. “Applying GMDH Neural Network to Estimate the Thermal Resistance and Thermal Conductivity of Pulsating Heat Pipes.” Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics 13 (1): 327–336. doi:10.1080/19942060.2019.1582109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akachi, H. “United States Patent, Patent Number: 4,921,041,” 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Alizadeh, H., M. Alhuyi Nazari, R. Ghasempour, M. B. Shafii, and A. Akbarzadeh. 2020. “Numerical Analysis of Photovoltaic Solar Panel Cooling by a Flat Plate Closed-loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Solar Energy 206: 455–463. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2020.05.058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alizadeh, H., R. Ghasempour, M. Behshad, and M. Hossein. 2018. “Numerical Simulation of PV Cooling by Using Single Turn Pulsating Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 127: 203–208. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.06.108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ando, M. 2018. “On-orbit Demonstration of Oscillating Heat Pipe with Check Valves for Space Application.” Applied Thermal Engineering 130: 552–560. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.11.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aprianingsih, N., A. Winarta, B. Ariantara, and N. Putra. “Thermal Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe on Electric Motor as Cooling Application,” In E3S Web of conferences, 2018, vol. 67.
   Google Scholar
• Ayel, V. 2015. “Experimental Study of a Closed Loop Flat Plate Pulsating Heat Pipe under a Varying Gravity Force.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 96: 23–34. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2015.04.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayel, V., L. Pietrasanta, G. Lalizel, C. Romestant, Y. Bertin, and M. Marengo. 2019. “Thermo-hydraulic Analysis of Semi-transparent Flat Plate Pulsating Heat Pipes Tested in 1 G and Microgravity Conditions.” Microgravity Science and Technology 31 (4): 403–415. doi:10.1007/s12217-019-9701-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babu, E. R., H. N. Reddappa, and G. V. Gnanendra Reddy. 2018. “Effect of Filling Ratio on Thermal Performance of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (10): 22229–22236. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2018.06.588.
   Google Scholar
• Bae, J., S. Y. Lee, and S. J. Kim. 2017. “Numerical Investigation of Effect of Film Dynamics on Fluid Motion and Thermal Performance in Pulsating Heat Pipes.” Energy Conversion and Management 151: 296–310. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2017.08.086.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, L., X. Su, W. Ren, and W. Yang. 2018. “Influence of Filling Ratio on Heat Transfer Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe with Self-rewetting Nanofluid.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 199. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/199/3/032086.
   Google Scholar
• Bao, K., X. Wang, Y. Fang, X. Ji, X. Han, and G. Chen. 2020. “Effects of the Surfactant Solution on the Performance of the Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 178: 115678. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115678.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrak, A. S., A. A. M. Saleh, and Z. H. Naji. 2020. “An Experimental Study of Using Water, Methanol, and Binary Fluids in Oscillating Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger.” Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 23 (2): 357–364. doi:10.1016/j.jestch.2019.05.010.
   Google Scholar
• Bastakoti, D., H. Zhang, W. Cai, and F. Li. 2018a. “An Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe with Alcohols and Surfactant Solutions.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 117: 1032–1040. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.10.075.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastakoti, D., H. Zhang, D. Li, W. Cai, and F. Li. 2018b. “An Overview on the Developing Trend of Pulsating Heat Pipe and Its Performance.” Applied Thermal Engineering 141: 305–332. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.05.121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Betancur, L. 2019. “Experimental Study of Thermal Performance in a Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe with Alternating Superhydrophobic Channels.” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 17: 100360. doi:10.1016/j.tsep.2019.100360.
   Google Scholar
• Bhuwakietkumjohn, N., and T. Parametthanuwat. 2015. “Thermal Performance of a Top Heat Mode Closed-loop Oscillating Heat Pipe with a Chech valve(THMCLOHP/CV).” Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 56 (3): 479–485. doi:10.1134/S0021894415030189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce, R. 2018. “Thermal Performance of a Meter-scale Horizontal Nitrogen Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Cryogenics (Guildf) 93: 66–74. doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2018.05.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burban, G., V. Ayel, A. Alexandre, P. Lagonotte, Y. Bertin, and C. Romestant. 2013. “Experimental Investigation of a Pulsating Heat Pipe for Hybrid Vehicle Applications.” Applied Thermal Engineering 50 (1): 94–103. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.05.037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattani, L. 2019. “An Original Look into Pulsating Heat Pipes: Inverse Heat Conduction Approach for Assessing the Thermal Behaviour.” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 10: 317–326. doi:10.1016/j.tsep.2019.02.007.
   Google Scholar
• Cecere, A. 2018. “Experimental Analysis of a Flat Plate Pulsating Heat Pipe with Self- Rewetting Fluids during a Parabolic Flight Campaign.” Acta Astronautica 147: 454–461. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.03.045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charoensawan, P., and P. Terdtoon. 2008. “Thermal Performance of Horizontal Closed-loop Oscillating Heat Pipes.” Applied Thermal Engineering 28 (5–6): 460–466. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2007.05.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, M., and J. Li. 2020. “Nanofluid-based Pulsating Heat Pipe for Thermal Management of Lithium-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles.” Journal of Energy Storage 32: 101715. doi:10.1016/j.est.2020.101715.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, X., Y. Lin, S. Shao, and W. Wu. 2019. “Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Ethane Pulsating Heat Pipe in Middle-low Temperature Region.” Applied Thermal Engineering 152: 697–705. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.02.125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, X., S. Shao, J. Xiang, W. Ma, and H. Zhang. 2018. “Experimental Investigation on Ethane Pulsating Heat Pipe Based on Stirling Cooler.” International Journal of Refrigeration 88: 506–515. doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.02.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, P., and H. Ma. 2011. “A Mathematical Model of an Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Heat Transfer Engineering 32 (11–12): 1037–1046. doi:10.1080/01457632.2011.556495.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi, R. G., W. S. Chung, and S. H. Rhi. 2018. “Thermal Characteristics of an Oscillating Heat Pipe Cooling System for Electric Vehicle Li-ion Batteries.” Energies 11 (3): 1–16. doi:10.3390/en11030655.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chien, K., Y. Lin, Y. Chen, K. Yang, and C. Wang. 2012. “A Novel Design of Pulsating Heat Pipe with Fewer Turns Applicable to All Orientations.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 55 (21–22): 5722–5728. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.05.068.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clement, J., and X. Wang. 2013. “Experimental Investigation of Pulsating Heat Pipe Performance with Regard to Fuel Cell Cooling Application.” Applied Thermal Engineering 50 (1): 268–274. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.06.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, X., Z. Qiu, J. Weng, and Z. Li. 2016. “Heat Transfer Performance of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes with Methanol-based Binary Mixtures.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 76: 253–263. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.04.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, X., Y. Zhu, Z. Li, and S. Shun. 2014. “Combination Study of Operation Characteristics and Heat Transfer Mechanism for Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 65 (1–2): 394–402. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.01.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czajkowski, C., A. I. Nowak, P. Błasiak, A. Ochman, and S. Pietrowicz. 2020. “Experimental Study on a Large Scale Pulsating Heat Pipe Operating at High Heat Loads, Different Adiabatic Lengths and Various Filling Ratios of Acetone, Ethanol, and Water.” Applied Thermal Engineering 165: 114534. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daimaru, T., S. Yoshida, and H. Nagai. 2017. “Study on Thermal Cycle in Oscillating Heat Pipes by Numerical Analysis.” Applied Thermal Engineering 113: 1219–1227. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.11.114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang, C., L. Jia, and Q. Lu. 2017. “Investigation on Thermal Design of a Rack with the Pulsating Heat Pipe for Cooling CPUs.” Applied Thermal Engineering 110: 390–398. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vries, S. F., D. Florea, F. G. A. Homburg, and A. J. H. Frijns. 2017. “Design and Operation of a Tesla-type Valve for Pulsating Heat Pipes.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 105: 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.09.062.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dehshali, M. E., M. A. Nazari, and M. B. Sha. 2018. “Thermal Performance of Rotating Closed-loop Pulsating Heat Pipes : Experimental Investigation and Semi-empirical Correlation.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 123: 14–26. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2017.09.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng, Z., Y. Zheng, X. Liu, B. Zhu, and Y. Chen. 2017. “Experimental Study on Thermal Performance of an Anti-gravity Pulsating Heat Pipe and Its Application on Heat Recovery Utilization.” Applied Thermal Engineering 125: 1368–1378. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.07.107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Der, O., M. Marengo, and V. Bertola. 2019. “Thermal Performance of Pulsating Heat Stripes Built with Plastic Materials.” Journal of Heat Transfer 141 (9). doi:10.1115/1.4041952.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilawar, M., and A. Pattamatta. 2013. “A Parametric Study of Oscillatory Two-phase Flows in a Single Turn Pulsating Heat Pipe Using a Non-isothermal Vapor Model.” Applied Thermal Engineering 51 (1–2): 1328–1338. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.11.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E, J., X. Zhao, H. Liu, J. Chen, W. Zuo, and Q. Peng. 2016. “Field Synergy Analysis for Enhancing Heat Transfer Capability of a Novel Narrow-tube Closed Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Applied Energy 175: 218–228. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebrahimi, M., M. B. Shafii, and M. A. Bijarchi. 2015. “Experimental Investigation of the Thermal Management of Flat-plate Closed-loop Pulsating Heat Pipes with Interconnecting Channels.” Applied Thermal Engineering 90: 838–847. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.07.040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairley, J. D., S. M. Thompson, and D. Anderson. 2015. “Time-frequency Analysis of Flat-plate Oscillating Heat Pipes.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 91: 113–124. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2015.01.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrokh, M., T. Goodarz, J. Samad, N. Javid, and H. Amin. 2018. “Analysis of Entropy Generation of a Magneto-hydrodynamic Flow through the Operation of an Unlooped Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Journal of Heat Transfer 140 (8). doi:10.1115/1.4039215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, C., Z. Wan, H. Mo, H. Tang, L. Lu, and Y. Tang. 2018. “Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Novel Closed-loop Pulsating Heat Pipe with a Check Valve.” Applied Thermal Engineering 141: 558–564. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.06.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonseca, L. D., F. Miller, and J. Pfotenhauer. 2018. “Experimental Heat Transfer Analysis of a Cryogenic Nitrogen Pulsating Heat Pipe at Various Liquid Fill Ratios.” Applied Thermal Engineering 130: 343–353. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.11.029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furukawa, M. 2014. “Rationalized Concise Descriptions of Fluid Motions in an Oscillating/pulsating Heat Pipe.” Journal of Heat Transfer 136 (9). doi:10.1115/1.4027553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furukawa, M. 2018. “Theoretical Realizability of Dream-pipe-like Oscillating/pulsating Heat Pipe.” Journal of Heat Transfer 140 (2). doi:10.1115/1.4037748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamit, H., V. More, B. Mukund, and H. B. Mehta. 2015. “Experimental Investigations on Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Energy Procedia 75: 3186–3191. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.665.
   Google Scholar
• Gandomkar, A., M. H. Saidi, M. B. Shafii, M. Vandadi, and K. Kalan. 2017. “Visualization and Comparative Investigations of Pulsating Ferro-fluid Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 116: 56–65. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.01.068.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, A. C., and B. R. Binulal. 2016. “Experimental Study on the Performance of a Pulsating Heat Pipe with Aqueous Solution of Butanol at Different Orientations.” International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability (ICEETS) 717–721. doi:10.1109/ICEETS.2016.7583843.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, M., and Y. J. Kim. “Experimental Study of a Pulsating Heat Pipe Using Nanofluid as a Working Fluid,” 14th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems., pp. 541–547, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Goshayeshi, H. R., and M. Abedpour. 2014. “Experimental Investigation on Nanofluids Effectiveness on Heat Transfer in Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Advanced Materials Research 856: 98–102.
   Google Scholar
• Goshayeshi, H. R., M. Goodarzi, M. R. Safaei, and M. Dahari. 2016a. “Experimental Study on the Effect of Inclination Angle on Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Ferrofluid in a Closed Loop Oscillating Heat Pipe under Magnetic Field.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 74: 265–270. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.01.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goshayeshi, H. R., F. Izadi, and K. Bashirnezhad. 2017. “Comparison of Heat Transfer Performance on Closed Pulsating Heat Pipe for Fe3O4 and ɤfe2o3 for Achieving an Empirical Correlation.” Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 89: 43–49. doi:10.1016/j.physe.2017.01.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goshayeshi, H. R., M. R. Safaei, M. Goodarzi, and M. Dahari. 2016b. “Particle Size and Type Effects on Heat Transfer Enhancement of Ferro-nanofluids in a Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Powder Technology 301: 1218–1226. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2016.08.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gürsel, G., A. J. H. Frijns, F. G. A. Homburg, A. A. Van Steenhoven, and A. A. Van Steenhoven. 2015. “A Mass-spring-damper Model of a Pulsating Heat Pipe with a Non-uniform and Asymmetric Filling.” Applied Thermal Engineering 91: 80–90. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.06.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halimi, M., A. A. Nejad, and M. Norouzi. 2017. “A Comprehensive Experimental Investigation of the Performance of Closed-loop Pulsating Heat Pipes.” Journal of Heat Transfer 139 (9). doi:10.1115/1.4036460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, H., X. Cui, Y. Zhu, T. Xu, Y. Sui, and S. Sun. 2016a. “Experimental Study on a Closed-loop Pulsating Heat Pipe (CLPHP) Charged with Water-based Binary Zeotropes and the Corresponding Pure Fluids.” Energy 109: 724–736. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.061.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, X., X. Wang, H. Zheng, X. Xu, and G. Chen. 2016b. “Review of the Development of Pulsating Heat Pipe for Heat Dissipation.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 59: 692–709. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hao, T., H. Ma, and X. Ma. 2019. “Experimental Investigation of Oscillating Heat Pipe with Hybrid Fluids of Liquid Metal and Water.” Journal of Heat Transfer 141 (7). doi:10.1115/1.4043620.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hao, T., X. Ma, Z. Lan, N. Li, Y. Zhao, and H. Ma. 2014. “Effects of Hydrophilic Surface on Heat Transfer Performance and Oscillating Motion for an Oscillating Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 72: 50–65. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.01.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hathaway, A. A., C. A. Wilson, and H. B. Ma. 2012. “Experimental Investigation of Uneven-turn Water and Acetone Oscillating Heat Pipes.” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 26 (1): 115–122. doi:10.2514/1.T3734.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, Y. 2020. “Experimental Study on a Three-dimensional Pulsating Heat Pipe with Tandem Tapered Nozzles.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 119: 110201. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2020.110201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoesing, M. P., and G. J. Michna. “Integration of a Pulsating Heat Pipe in a Flat Plate Heat Sink,” ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, Minichannels, 2014, doi: 10.1115/ICNMM2014-21233.
   Google Scholar
• Holley, B., and A. Faghri. 2005. “Analysis of Pulsating Heat Pipe with Capillary Wick and Varying Channel Diameter.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (13): 2635–2651. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.01.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, C., and L. Jia. 2011. “Experimental Study on the Start up Performance of Flat Plate Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Journal of Thermal Science 20 (2): 150–154. doi:10.1007/s11630-011-0450-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Y., T. Liu, X. Li, and S. Wang. 2014. “Heat Transfer Enhancement of Micro Oscillating Heat Pipes with Self-rewetting Fluid.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 70: 496–503. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.11.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim, O. T. 2017. “An Investigation of a Multi-layered Oscillating Heat Pipe Additively Manufactured from Ti-6Al-4V Powder.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 108: 1036–1047. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.12.063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishii, K., and K. Fumoto. 2019. “Temperature Visualization and Investigation inside Evaporator of Pulsating Heat Pipe Using Temperature-sensitive Paint.” Applied Thermal Engineering 155: 575–583. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.04.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jafarmadar, S., N. Azizinia, N. Razmara, and F. Mobadersani. 2016. “Thermal Analysis and Entropy Generation of Pulsating Heat Pipes Using Nanofluids.” Applied Thermal Engineering 103: 356–364. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.03.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahani, K., M. Mohammadi, M. B. Shafii, and Z. Shiee. 2013. “Promising Technology for Electronic Cooling: Nanofluidic Micro Pulsating Heat Pipes.” Journal of Electronic Packaging 135 (2). doi:10.1115/1.4023847.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalilian, M., H. Kargarsharifabad, A. A. Godarzi, A. Ghofrani, and M. B. Shafii. 2016. “Simulation and Optimization of Pulsating Heat Pipe Flat-plate Solar Collectors Using Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm : A Semi-experimental Investigation.” Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 18 (7): 2251–2264. doi:10.1007/s10098-016-1143-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang, D. S., H. J. Chung, Y. Jeon, and Y. Kim. 2018. “Thermal Performance Characteristics of a Pulsating Heat Pipe at Various Nonuniform Heating Conditions.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 126: 855–863. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.05.160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang, D. S., D. Kim, S. H. Hong, and Y. Kim. 2019. “Comparative Thermal Performance Evaluation between Ultrathin Flat Plate Pulsating Heat Pipe and Graphite Sheet for Mobile Electronic Devices at Various Operating Conditions.” Applied Thermal Engineering 149: 1427–1434. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.12.146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang, D. S., J. S. Lee, J. H. Ahn, D. Kim, and Y. Kim. 2017. “Flow Patterns and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Flat Plate Pulsating Heat Pipes with Various Asymmetric and Aspect Ratios of the Channels.” Applied Thermal Engineering 114: 211–220. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.11.189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji, R., X. Hui, R. Xiang, S. Hui, and H. Sheng. 2017. “Experimental Investigation of a Solar Collector Integrated with a Pulsating Heat Pipe and a Compound Parabolic Concentrator.” Energy Conversion and Management 148: 68–77. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2017.04.045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia, H., L. Jia, and Z. Tan. 2013. “An Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Performance of Nanofluid Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Journal of Thermal Science 22 (5): 484–490. doi:10.1007/s11630-013-0652-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jo, J., J. Kim, and S. Jin. 2019. “Experimental Investigations of Heat Transfer Mechanisms of a Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Energy Conversion and Management 181: 331–341. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jokar, A., A. Abbasi, G. Mohammad, S. Mohammad, and B. Shafii. 2016. “Simulation and Optimization of a Pulsating Heat Pipe Using Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm.” Heat and Mass Transfer 52 (11): 2437–2445. doi:10.1007/s00231-016-1759-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jun, S., and S. J. Kim. 2016. “Comparison of the Thermal Performances and Flow Characteristics between Closed-loop and Closed-end Micro Pulsating Heat Pipes.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 95: 890–901. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.12.064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jun, S., and S. J. Kim. 2019. “Experimental Investigation on the Thermodynamic State of Vapor Plugs in Pulsating Heat Pipes.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 134: 321–328. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.01.053.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, C., J. Lim, and S. J. Kim. 2020. “Fabrication and Evaluation of a High-performance Flexible Pulsating Heat Pipe Hermetically Sealed with Metal.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 149: 119180. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kammuang-Lue, N., P. Sakulchangsatjatai, and P. Terdtoon. “Effect of Working Fluids on Thermal Characteristic of a Closed-loop Pulsating Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger: A Case of Three Heat Dissipating Devices,” IEEE 14th Electronic Packaging Technology Conferene., pp. 142–147, 2012, doi: 10.1109/EPTC.2012.6507067.
   Google Scholar
• Kammuang-Lue, N., P. Sakulchangsatjatai, and P. Terdtoon. 2014. “Thermal Performance of a Closed-loop Pulsating Heat Pipe with Multiple Heat Sources.” Heat Transfer Engineering 35 (13): 1161–1172. doi:10.1080/01457632.2013.870000.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, S. W., Y. C. Wang, Y. C. Liu, and H. M. Lo. 2017. “Visualization and Thermal Resistance Measurements for a Magnetic Nanofluid Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 126: 1044–1050. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.02.051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karthikeyan, V. K., S. Khandekar, B. C. Pillai, and P. K. Sharma. 2014a. “Infrared Thermography of a Pulsating Heat Pipe: Flow Regimes and Multiple Steady States.” Applied Thermal Engineering 62 (2): 470–480. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.09.041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karthikeyan, V. K., K. Ramachandran, B. C. Pillai, and A. Brusly Solomon. 2015. “Understanding Thermo-fluidic Characteristics of a Glass Tube Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe: Flow Patterns and Fluid Oscillations.” Heat and Mass Transfer 51 (12): 1669–1680. doi:10.1007/s00231-015-1525-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karthikeyan, V. K., K. Ramachandran, B. C. Pillai, and A. B. Solomon. 2014b. “Effect of Nanofluids on Thermal Performance of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 54: 171–178. doi:10.1063/1.4892721.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearney, D. J., O. Suleman, J. Griffin, and G. Mavrakis. 2016. “Thermal Performance of a PCB Embedded Pulsating Heat Pipe for Power Electronics Applications.” Applied Thermal Engineering 98: 798–809. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.11.123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, B., Y. Hayashi, and Y. Jo. 2018. “Novel Radial Pulsating Heat-pipe for High Heat-flux Thermal Spreading.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 121: 97–106. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.12.107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khandekar, S., A. P. Gautam, and P. K. Sharma. 2009. “Multiple Quasi-steady States in a Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 48 (3): 535–546. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2008.04.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khandekar, S., and M. Groll. 2004. “An Insight into Thermo-hydrodynamic Coupling in Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 43 (1): 13–20. doi:10.1016/S1290-0729(03)00100-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khodami, R., A. A. Nejad, and M. R. A. Khabbaz. 2016. “Experimental Investigation of Energy and Exergy Efficiency of a Pulsating Heat Pipe for Chimney Heat Recovery.” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 16: 11–17. doi:10.1016/j.seta.2016.04.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, B., L. Li, J. Kim, and D. Kim. 2017. “A Study on Thermal Performance of Parallel Connected Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 126: 1063–1068. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.05.191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H.-T., and K.-H. Bang. 2014. “Heat Transfer Enhancement of Nanofluids in a Pulsating Heat Pipe for Heat Dissipation of LED Lighting.” Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers 38 (10): 1200–1205. doi:10.5916/jkosme.2014.38.10.1200.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J., and S. J. Kim. 2018a. “Experimental Investigation on the Effect of the Condenser Length on the Thermal Performance of a Micro Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 130: 439–448. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.11.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., and S. J. Kim. 2020. “Experimental Investigation on Working Fluid Selection in a Micro Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Energy Conversion and Management 205: 112462. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, W., and S. J. Kim. 2018b. “Effect of Reentrant Cavities on the Thermal Performance of a Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 133: 61–69. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.01.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koito, Y., and M. Kawaji. 2017. “Performance of a Pulsating Heat Pipe Fabricated with a 3-D Printer.” Proceedings of the ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference 2. doi:10.1115/HT2017-4816.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, M., R. Kant, A. K. Das, and P. K. Das. 2018. “Effect of Surface Tension Variation of the Working Fluid on the Performance of a Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Heat Transfer Engineering 40 (7): 509–523. doi:10.1080/01457632.2018.1436390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon, G. H., and S. J. Kim. 2014. “Operational Characteristics of Pulsating Heat Pipes with a Dual-diameter Tube.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 75: 184–195. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.03.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon, G. H., and S. J. Kim. 2015. “Experimental Investigation on the Thermal Performance of a Micro Pulsating Heat Pipe with a Dual-diameter Channel.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 89: 817–828. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.05.091.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laun, F. F., H. Lu, and H. B. Ma. 2015. “An Experimental Investigation of an Oscillating Heat Pipe Heat Spreader.” Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 7 (2). doi:10.1115/1.4026815.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J., Y. Joo, and S. J. Kim. 2018. “Effects of the Number of Turns and the Inclination Angle on the Operating Limit of Micro Pulsating Heat Pipes.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 124: 1172–1180. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.04.054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J., and S. J. Kim. 2017. “Effect of Channel Geometry on the Operating Limit of Micro Pulsating Heat Pipes.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 107: 204–212. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.11.036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Y., and T. Chang. 2009. “Application of NARX Neural Networks in Thermal Dynamics Identification of a Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Energy Conversion and Management 50 (4): 1069–1078. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2008.12.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leu, T. S., and C. H. Wu. 2017. “Experimental Studies of Surface Modified Oscillating Heat Pipes.” Heat and Mass Transfer 53 (11): 3329–3340. doi:10.1007/s00231-017-2051-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M., R. Huang, D. Xu, and L. Li. 2017. “Theoretical Analysis of Start-up Power in Helium Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Materials Science and Engineering 171. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/755/1/011001.
   Google Scholar
• Li, M., L. Li, and D. Xu. 2018. “Effect of Number of Turns and Configurations on the Heat Transfer Performance of Helium Cryogenic Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Cryogenics (Guildf) 96: 159–165. doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2018.09.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M., L. Li, and D. Xu. 2019. “Effect of Filling Ratio and Orientation on the Performance of a Multiple Turns Helium Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Cryogenics (Guildf) 100: 62–68. doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2019.04.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Q., Y. Wang, C. Lian, H. Li, and X. He. 2019. “Effect of Micro Encapsulated Phase Change Material on the Anti-dry-out Ability of Pulsating Heat Pipes.” Applied Thermal Engineering 159: 113854. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.113854.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Z. 2020. “Operation Analysis, Response and Performance Evaluation of a Pulsating Heat Pipe for Low Temperature Heat Recovery.” Energy Conversion and Management 222: 113230. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, Q., Y. Li, and Q. Wang. 2018. “Effects of Filling Ratio and Condenser Temperature on the Thermal Performance of a Neon Cryogenic Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Cryogenics (Guildf) 89: 102–106. doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2017.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, J., and S. J. Kim. 2018. “Fabrication and Experimental Evaluation of a Polymer-based Flexible Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Energy Conversion and Management 156: 358–364. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2017.11.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, J., and S. J. Kim. 2019. “Effect of a Channel Layout on the Thermal Performance of a Flat Plate Micro Pulsating Heat Pipe under the Local Heating Condition.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 137: 1232–1240. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.03.121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Y.-H., S.-W. Kang, and T.-Y. Wu. 2009. “Fabrication of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 29 (2–3): 573–580. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.03.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Z., S. Wang, J. Chen, J. Huo, Y. Hu, and W. Zhang. 2011. “Experimental Study on Effective Range of Miniature Oscillating Heat Pipes.” Applied Thermal Engineering 31 (5): 880–886. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.11.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Z., S. Wang, R. Shirakashi, and L. Winston Zhang. 2013. “Simulation of a Miniature Oscillating Heat Pipe in Bottom Heating Mode Using CFD with Unsteady Modeling.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 57 (2): 642–656. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.09.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling, Y., X. Zhang, and X. Wang. 2019. “Study of Flow Characteristics of an Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 160: 113995. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.113995.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liou, T., S. Woei, W. Ling, and I. Lan. 2019. “Thermal Fluid Characteristics of Pulsating Heat Pipe in Radially Rotating Thin Pad.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 131: 273–290. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.10.132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X., and Y. Chen. 2014. “Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Flat-plate Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Energy and Buildings 75: 29–42. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.01.041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X., X. Han, Z. Wang, G. Hao, Z. Zhang, and Y. Chen. 2020. “Application of an Anti-gravity Oscillating Heat Pipe on Enhancement of Waste Heat Recovery.” Energy Conversion and Management 205: 112404. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X., L. Xu, C. Wang, and X. Han. 2019. “Experimental Study on Thermo-hydrodynamic Characteristics in a Micro Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 109: 109871. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2019.109871.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., H. Deng, J. Pfotenhauer, and Z. Gan. 2015. “Design of a Hydrogen Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Physics Procedia 67: 551–556. doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2015.06.074.
   Google Scholar
• Lv, L., J. Li, and G. Zhou. 2017. “A Robust Pulsating Heat Pipe Cooler for Integrated High Power LED Chips.” Heat and Mass Transfer 53 (11): 3305–3313. doi:10.1007/s00231-017-2050-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, H. 2011. “Experimental Investigation of a Flat-plate Oscillating Heat Pipe during High-gravity Loading.” Proceedings of the ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition 10: 627–632. doi:10.1115/IMECE2011-64821.
   Google Scholar
• Ma, H. B., B. Borgmeyer, P. Cheng, and Y. Zhang. 2008. “Heat Transport Capability in an Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Journal of Heat Transfer 130 (8). doi:10.1115/1.2909081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahajan, G., S. M. Thompson, and H. Cho. 2017. “Energy and Cost Savings Potential of Oscillating Heat Pipes for Waste Heat Recovery Ventilation.” Energy Reports 3: 46–53. doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2016.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahajan, G., S. M. Thompson, and H. Cho. 2018. “Experimental Characterization of an N-pentane Oscillating Heat Pipe for Waste Heat Recovery in Ventilation Systems.” Heliyon 4 (11): e00922. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahapatra, B. N., P. K. Das, and S. S. Sahoo. 2016. “Scaling Analysis and Experimental Investigation of Pulsating Loop Heat Pipes.” Applied Thermal Engineering 108: 358–367. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.07.137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mameli, M. 2019a. “Start-up in Microgravity and Local Thermodynamic States of a Hybrid Loop Thermosyphon/pulsating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 158: 113771. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.113771.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mameli, M. 2019b. “Start-up and Operation of a 3D Hybrid Pulsating Heat Pipe on Board a Sounding Rocket.” Microgravity Science and Technology 31 (3): 249–259. DOI:10.1007/s12217-019-9682-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mameli, M., L. Araneo, S. Filippeschi, L. Marelli, R. Testa, and M. Marengo. 2014a. “Thermal Response of a Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe under a Varying Gravity Force.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 80: 11–22. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2014.01.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mameli, M., V. Manno, S. Filippeschi, and M. Marengo. 2014b. “Thermal Instability of a Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe: Combined Effect of Orientation and Filling Ratio.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 59: 222–229. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.04.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mameli, M., M. Marengo, and S. Khandekar. 2014. “Local Heat Transfer Measurement and Thermo-fluid Characterization of a Pulsating Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 75: 140–152. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2013.07.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mameli, M., M. Marengo, and S. Zinna. 2012. “Numerical Model of a Multi-turn Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe: Effects of the Local Pressure Losses Due to Meanderings.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 55 (4): 1036–1047. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.10.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangini, D., M. Mameli, D. Fioriti, S. Filippeschi, L. Araneo, and M. Marengo. 2017. “Hybrid Pulsating Heat Pipe for Space Applications with Non-uniform Heating Patterns: Ground and Microgravity Experiments.” Applied Thermal Engineering 126: 1029–1043. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.01.035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangini, D., M. Mameli, A. Georgoulas, L. Araneo, S. Filippeschi, and M. Marengo. 2015. “A Pulsating Heat Pipe for Space Applications: Ground and Microgravity Experiments.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 95: 53–63. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2015.04.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangini, D., M. Marengo, L. Araneo, M. Mameli, D. Fioriti, and S. Filippeschi. 2018. “Infrared Analysis of the Two Phase Flow in a Single Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 97: 304–312. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2018.04.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manzoni, M., M. Mameli, C. De Falco, L. Araneo, and S. Filippeschi. 2016. “Advanced Numerical Method for a Thermally Induced Slug Flow : Application to a Capillary Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 82 (7): 375–397. doi:10.1002/fld.4222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miura, M., T. Nagasaki, and Y. Ito. 2017. “Experimental Investigation of Heat Transport with Oscillating Liquid Column in Pulsating Heat Pipe Using Forced Oscillation System.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 106: 997–1004. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.10.069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miura, M., T. Nagasaki, and Y. Ito. 2019. “Experimental Study on Heat Transport Induced by Phase Changes Associated with Liquid Column Oscillation in Pulsating Heat Pipes.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 133: 652–661. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.12.081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammadi, M., M. Mohammadi, A. R. Ghahremani, and S. M.b. “Experimental Study of the Effects of Ferrofluid on Thermal Performance of a Pulsating Heat Pipe,” Proceedings of the ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, Minichannels, pp. 1–6, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Mohammadi, M., M. Taslimifar, M. Hassan, M. B. Shafii, A. Hossein, and S. K. Hannani. 2014. “Ferrofluidic Open Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes : Efficient Candidates for Thermal Management of Electronics.” Experimental Heat Transfer 27 (3): 296–312. doi:10.1080/08916152.2013.782377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monroe, J. G., Z. S. Aspin, J. D. Fairley, and S. M. Thompson. 2017. “Analysis and Comparison of Internal and External Temperature Measurements of a Tubular Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 84: 165–178. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.01.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monroe, J. G., O. T. Ibrahim, S. M. Thompson, and N. Shamsaei. 2018. “Energy Harvesting via Fluidic Agitation of a Magnet within an Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 129: 884–892. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.10.076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosleh, H. J., M. A. Bijarchi, and M. B. Shafii. 2019. “Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Using Pulsating Heat Pipes Instead of Fins in Air-cooled Heat Exchangers.” Energy Conversion and Management 181: 653–662. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.11.081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazari, M. A., R. Ghasempour, M. H. Ahmadi, G. Heydarian, and M. B. Shafii. 2018. “Experimental Investigation of Graphene Oxide Nanofluid on Heat Transfer Enhancement of Pulsating Heat Pipe.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 91: 90–94. doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2017.12.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nekrashevych, I., and V. S. Nikolayev. 2017. “Effect of Tube Heat Conduction on the Pulsating Heat Pipe Start-up.” Applied Thermal Engineering 117: 24–29. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.02.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nemati, R., and M. B. Shafii. 2018. “Advanced Heat Transfer Analysis of a U-shaped Pulsating Heat Pipe considering Evaporative Liquid Film Trailing from Its Liquid Slug.” Applied Thermal Engineering 138: 475–489. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.04.064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogata, S., E. Sukegawa, and T. Kimura. 2014a. “Lifetime Evaluation of Ultra-thin Polymer Pulsating Heat Pipe.” IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan (ICSJ) 15–18. doi:10.1109/ICSJ.2014.7009598.
   Google Scholar
• Ogata, S., E. Sukegawa, and T. Kimura. “Performance Evaluation of Ultra-thin Polymer Pulsating Heat Pipes,” 14th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems., pp. 519–526, 2014b, doi: 10.1109/ITHERM.2014.6892325.
   Google Scholar
• On-ai, K., N. Kammuang-lue, P. Terdtoon, and P. Terdtoon. 2019. “Implied Physical Phenomena of Rotating Closed-loop Pulsating Heat Pipe from Working Fluid Temperature.” Applied Thermal Engineering 148: 1303–1309. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.11.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oro, M. V., and E. Bazzo. 2015. “Flat Heat Pipes for Potential Application in Fuel Cell Cooling.” Applied Thermal Engineering 90: 848–857. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.07.055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pachghare, P. R., and A. M. Mahalle. 2013. “Effect of Inclination Angle on the Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe Thermal Performance.” Proceedings of the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference 2. doi:10.1115/HT2013-17399.
   Google Scholar
• Pachghare, P. R., and A. M. Mahalle. 2014. “Thermo-hydrodynamics of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe: An Experimental Study.” Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (8): 3387–3394. doi:10.1007/s12206-014-0751-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pai, P. F., H. Peng, and H. Ma. 2013. “Thermomechanical Finite-element Analysis and Dynamics Characterization of Three-plug Oscillating Heat Pipes.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 64: 623–635. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.04.063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pastukhov, V. G., and Y. F. Maydanik. 2016. “Development of a Pulsating Heat Pipe with a Directional Circulation of a Working Fluid.” Applied Thermal Engineering 109: 155–161. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel, V. M., Gaurav, and H. B. Mehta. 2017. “Influence of Working Fluids on Startup Mechanism and Thermal Performance of a Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 110: 1568–1577. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel, V. M., and H. B. Mehta. 2018. “Thermal Performance Prediction Models for a Pulsating Heat Pipe Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Regression /Correlation Analysis.” Sādhanā 43 (11). doi:10.1007/s12046-018-0954-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel, V. M., and H. B. Mehta. 2019. “Channel Wise Displacement-velocity-frequency Analysis in Acetone Charged Multi-turn Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Energy Conversion and Management 195: 367–383. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.05.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perna, R. 2020. “Flow Characterization of a Pulsating Heat Pipe through the Wavelet Analysis of Pressure Signals.” Applied Thermal Engineering 171: 115128. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietrasanta, L., G. Postorino, R. Perna, and M. Mameli. 2020. “A Pulsating Heat Pipe Embedded Radiator : Thermal-vacuum Characterisation in the Pre-cryogenic Temperature Range for Space Applications.” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 19: 100622. doi:10.1016/j.tsep.2020.100622.
   Google Scholar
• Pouryoussefi, S. M., and Y. Zhang. 2016. “Numerical Investigation of Chaotic Flow in a 2D Closed-loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 98: 617–627. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.12.097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian, N., Y. Fu, Y. Zhang, J. Chen, and J. Xu. 2019. “Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of the Oscillating Heat Pipe for the Grinding Wheel.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 136: 911–923. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.03.065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, J., X. Li, Y. Cui, and Q. Wang. 2017a. “Design and Experimental Study on a Hybrid Flexible Oscillating Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 107: 640–645. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.11.076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, J., X. Li, Q. Wang, F. Liu, and H. Guo. 2017b. “Heat Transfer Characteristics of Micro-grooved Oscillating Heat Pipes.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 85: 75–84. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.02.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, J., Q. Sun, H. Wang, D. Zhang, and J. Yuan. 2019. “Performance Characteristics of Flat-plate Oscillating Heat Pipe with Porous Metal-foam Wicks.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 137: 20–30. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.03.107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, J., and Q. Wang. 2013. “Experimental Study on the Thermal Performance of Vertical Closed-loop Oscillating Heat Pipes and Correlation Modeling.” Applied Energy 112: 1154–1160. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.02.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, J., Q. Wang, and Q. Sun. 2016. “Lower Limit of Internal Diameter for Oscillating Heat Pipes : A Theoretical Model.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 110: 174–185. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2016.07.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, J., and H. Wu. 2011. “Thermal Performance Comparison of Oscillating Heat Pipes with SiO2/water and Al2O3/water Nanofluids.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 50 (10): 1954–1962. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2011.04.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, J., H. Wu, and P. Cheng. “Experimental Study on Thermal Performance of a Silicon-based Micro Pulsating Heat Pipe,” Proceedings ASME 2009 2nd Micro/Nanoscale Heat Mass Transfer International Conference, pp. 629–634, 2009, doi: 10.1115/MNHMT2009-18525.
   Google Scholar
• Qu, J., H. Wu, and Q. Wang. 2012. “Experimental Investigation of Silicon-Based Micro-Pulsating Heat Pipe for Cooling Electronics.” Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering 16 (1): 37–49. doi:10.1080/15567265.2011.645999.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, J., J. Zhao, and Z. Rao. 2017a. “Experimental Investigation on the Thermal Performance of Three- Dimensional Oscillating Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 109: 589–600. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.02.040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, J., J. Zhao, and Z. Rao. 2017b. “Experimental Investigation on Thermal Performance of Multi-layers Three-dimensional Oscillating Heat Pipes.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 115: 810–819. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.08.082.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, W., and Y. Bin. “Opertaional Mechanism of Square Capillary Looped Pulsating Heat Pipe,” Proceedings 14th International Heat Transfer Conference, pp. 337–342, 2010, doi: 10.1115/IHTC14-22331.
   Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. L., F. Mir, S. Nawrin, R. A. Sultan, and M. Ali. 2015a. “Effect of Fin and Insert on the Performance Characteristics of Open Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe (OLPHP).” Procedia Engineering 105: 105–112. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.017.
   Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. L., R. A. Sultan, T. Islam, N. M. Hasan, and M. Ali. 2015b. “An Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Fin in the Performance of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe (CLPHP).” Procedia Engineering 105: 137–144. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.049.
   Google Scholar
• Rao, Z., Q. Wang, J. Zhao, and C. Huang. 2017. “Experimental Investigation on the Thermal Performance of a Closed Oscillating Heat Pipe in Thermal Management.” Heat and Mass Transfer 53 (10): 1–13. doi:10.1007/s00231-017-2049-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rittidech, S., N. Pipatpaiboon, and P. Terdtoon. 2007. “Heat-transfer Characteristics of a Closed-loop Oscillating Heat-pipe with Check Valves.” Applied Energy 84 (5): 565–577. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2006.09.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rittidech, S., N. Pipatpaiboon, and S. Thongdaeng. 2010. “Thermal Performance of Horizontal Closed-loop Oscillating Heat-pipe with Check Valves.” Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 24 (2): 545–550. doi:10.1007/s12206-009-1221-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saha, M., C. M. Feroz, F. Ahmed, and T. Mujib. 2012. “Thermal Performance of an Open Loop Closed End Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (2): 259–265. doi:10.1007/s00231-011-0882-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saha, N., P. K. Das, and P. K. Sharma. 2014. “Influence of Process Variables on the Hydrodynamics and Performance of a Single Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 74: 238–250. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.02.067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedighi, E., A. Amarloo, and M. B. Sha. 2018. “Experimental Investigation of the Thermal Characteristics of Single-turn Pulsating Heat Pipes with an Extra Branch.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 134: 258–268. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.08.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedighi, E., A. Amarloo, and B. Shafii. 2018. “Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Flat-plate Pulsating Heat Pipes with Extra Branches in the Evaporator Section.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 126: 431–441. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.05.047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senjaya, R., and T. Inoue. 2013a. “Bubble Generation in Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 60 (1–2): 251–255. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.06.041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senjaya, R., and T. Inoue. 2013b. “Oscillating Heat Pipe Simulation considering Bubble Generation Part I: Presentation of the Model and Effects of a Bubble Generation.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 60: 816–824. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.01.059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senjaya, R., and T. Inoue. 2013c. “Oscillating Heat Pipe Simulation considering Bubble Generation Part II: Effects of Fitting and Design Parameters.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 60: 825–835. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.01.058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senjaya, R., and T. Inoue. 2014. “Effects of Non-condensable Gas on the Performance of Oscillating Heat Pipe, Part II: Experimental Study.” Applied Thermal Engineering 73 (1): 1393–1400. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.02.074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, S., X. Cui, H. Han, J. Weng, and Z. Li. 2016. “A Study of the Heat Transfer Performance of a Pulsating Heat Pipe with Ethanol-based Mixtures.” Applied Thermal Engineering 102: 1219–1227. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.04.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinato, G., N. Borhani, B. P. Entremont, and J. R. Thome. 2015. “Time-strip Visualization and Thermo-hydrodynamics in a Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 78: 364–372. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.12.045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinato, G., N. Borhani, and J. R. Thome. 2015. “Understanding the Self-sustained Oscillating Two-phase Flow Motion in a Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Energy 90: 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.07.119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinato, G., N. Borhani, and J. R. Thome. 2016. “Operational Regimes in a Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 102: 78–88. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2015.11.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens, K. A., S. M. Smith, and B. S. Taft. 2018. “Variation in Oscillating Heat Pipe Performance.” Applied Thermal Engineering 149: 987–995. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.12.113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, X., M. Zhang, W. Han, and X. Guo. 2015. “Enhancement of Heat Transport in Oscillating Heat Pipe with Ternary Fluid.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 87: 258–264. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.04.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, C., C. Tseng, K. Yang, S. Wu, and C. Wang. 2017a. “Investigation of the Evacuation Pressure on the Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 85: 23–28. doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2017.04.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Q., J. Qu, X. Li, and J. Yuan. 2017b. “Experimental Investigation of Thermo-hydrodynamic Behavior in a Closed Loop Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 82: 450–458. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.11.040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Q., J. Qu, J. Yuan, and H. Wang. 2018a. “Start-up Characteristics of MEMS-based Micro Oscillating Heat Pipe with and without Bubble Nucleation.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 122: 515–528. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.02.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Q., J. Qu, J. Yuan, and Q. Wang. 2017c. “Operational Characteristics of an MEMS-based Micro Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 124: 1269–1278. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.06.109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, X., S. Li, B. Jiao, Z. Gan, and J. Pfotenhauer. 2018b. “Experimental Study on a Hydrogen Closed-loop Pulsating Heat Pipe with Two Turns.” Cryogenics (Guildf) 97: 63–69. doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2018.10.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taft, B. S., and M. Rhodes. 2017. “Experimental Investigation of Oscillating Heat Pipes under Direct Current and Pulse Width Modulation Heating Input Conditions.” Applied Thermal Engineering 126: 1018–1022. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.02.064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taft, B. S., A. D. Williams, and B. L. Drolen. 2012. “Review of Pulsating Heat Pipe Working Fluid Selection.” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 26 (4): 651–656. doi:10.2514/1.T3768.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takawale, A., S. Abraham, A. Sielaff, P. S. Mahapatra, A. Pattamatta, and P. Stephan. 2019. “A Comparative Study of Flow Regimes and Thermal Performance between Flat Plate Pulsating Heat Pipe and Capillary Tube Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 149: 613–624. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.11.119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taslimifar, M., M. Mohammadi, H. Afshin, M. H. Saidi, and M. B. Shafii. 2013. “Overall Thermal Performance of Ferro Fluidic Open Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes : An Experimental Approach.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 65: 234–241. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2012.10.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, S. M. 2011. “Robust Thermal Performance of a Flat-plate Oscillating Heat Pipe during High-gravity Loading.” Journal of Heat Transfer 133 (10). doi:10.1115/1.4004076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, S. M., Z. S. Aspin, A. Elwany, N. Shamsaei, and L. Bian. 2015. “Additive Manufacturing of Heat Exchanger: A Case Study on a Multi-layered Ti-6Al-4V Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Additive Manufacturing 8: 163–174. doi:10.1016/j.addma.2015.09.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, S. M., P. Cheng, and H. B. Ma. 2011. “An Experimental Investigation of a Three-dimensional Flat-plate Oscillating Heat Pipe with Staggered Microchannels.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 54 (17–18): 3951–3959. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.04.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, S. M., H. B. Ma, and C. Wilson. 2011. “Investigation of a Flat-plate Oscillating Heat Pipe with Tesla-type Check Valves.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 35 (7): 1265–1273. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2011.04.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, S. M., H. B. Ma, R. A. Winholtz, and C. Wilson. 2009. “Experimental Investigation of Miniature Three-dimensional Flat-plate Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Journal of Heat Transfer 131 (4). doi:10.1115/1.3072953.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thongdaeng, S., S. Rittidech, and B. Bubphachot. 2012. “Flow Patterns and Heat-transfer Characteristics of a Top Heat Mode Closed-loop Oscillating Heat Pipe with Check Valves (THMCLOHP/CV).” Journal of Engineering Thermophysics 21 (4): 235–247. doi:10.1134/S1810232812040029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torresin, D., F. Agostini, A. Mularczyk, B. Agostini, and M. Habert. 2017. “Double Condenser Pulsating Heat Pipe Cooler.” Applied Thermal Engineering 126: 1051–1057. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.02.066.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torresin, D., M. Habert, V. Mounier, F. Agostini, and B. Agostini. “Characterisation of a Novel Pulsating Heat Pipe Cooler for Power Electronics at Extreme Ambient Temperatures,” Proceedings ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, Minichannels, 2015, doi: 10.1115/ICNMM2015-48031.
   Google Scholar
• Tseng, C., H. Wu, S. Wong, K. Yang, and C.-C. Wang. 2018. “A Novel Thermal Module with 3-D Configuration Pulsating Heat Pipe for High-flux Applications.” Energies 11 (12): 3425. doi:10.3390/en11123425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseng, C. Y., K. S. Yang, K. H. Chien, M. S. Jeng, and C. C. Wang. 2014. “Investigation of the Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe Subject to Uniform/alternating Tube Diameters.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 54: 85–92. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.01.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseng, C. Y., K. S. Yang, K. H. Chien, S. K. Wu, and C. C. Wang. 2016. “A Novel Double Pipe Pulsating Heat Pipe Design to Tackle Inverted Heat Source Arrangement.” Applied Thermal Engineering 106: 697–701. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkata Suresh, J., and P. Bhramara. 2017. “CFD Analysis of Multi Turn Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Materials Today: Proceedings 4 (2): 2701–2710. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.146.
   Google Scholar
• Vo, D., H. Kim, J. Ko, and K. Bang. 2020. “An Experiment and Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Pulsating Heat Pipes.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 150: 119317. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan, Z., X. Wang, and C. Feng. 2020. “Heat Transfer Performances of the Capillary Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes with Spring-loaded Check Valve.” Applied Thermal Engineering 167: 114803. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114803.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H., J. Qu, Y. Peng, and Q. Sun. 2019a. “Heat Transfer Performance of a Novel Tubular Oscillating Heat Pipe with Sintered Copper Particles inside Flat-plate Evaporator and High-power LED Heat Sink Application.” Energy Conversion and Management 189: 215–222. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.03.093.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., and X. Bai. 2018. “The Features of CLPHP with Partial Horizontal Structure.” Applied Thermal Engineering 133: 682–689. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.01.058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., H. Ma, Q. Zhu, Y. Dong, and K. Yue. 2016a. “Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Pulsating Heat Pipes with Corrugated Configuration.” Applied Thermal Engineering 102: 158–166. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.03.163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., J. Xie, and X. Liu. 2019. “Investigation on the Performance of Closed-loop Pulsating Heat Pipe with Surfactant.” Applied Thermal Engineering 160: 113998. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.113998.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., J. Xie, and X. Liu. 2020. “Investigation of Wettability on Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 150: 119354. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Q., Z. Rao, Y. Huo, and S. Wang. 2016b. “Thermal Performance of Phase Change Material/oscillating Heat Pipe-based Battery Thermal Management System.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 102: 9–16. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2015.11.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., J. Chen, Y. Hu, and W. Zhang. 2011. “Effect of Evaporation Section and Condensation Section Length on Thermal Performance of Flat Plate Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 31 (14–15): 2367–2373. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.03.037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W., L. Wang, Y. Cai, G. Yang, and F. Zhao. 2020. “Thermo-hydrodynamic Model and Parametric Optimization of a Novel Miniature Closed Oscillating Heat Pipe with Periodic Expansion-constriction Condensers.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 152: 119460. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X., B. Li, Y. Yan, N. Gao, and G. Chen. 2019b. “Predicting of Thermal Resistances of Closed Vertical Meandering Pulsating Heat Pipe Using Artificial Neural Network Model.” Applied Thermal Engineering 149: 1134–1141. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.12.142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X. H., H. C. Zheng, M. Q. Si, X. H. Han, and G. M. Chen. 2015. “Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Surfactant on the Heat Transfer Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 83: 586–590. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.12.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, A., J. Qu, H. Qiu, C. Wang, and G. Cao. 2019. “Heat Transfer Characteristics of Plug-in Oscillating Heat Pipe with Binary-fluid Mixtures for Electric Vehicle Battery Thermal Management.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 135: 746–760. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.02.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, C., B. Borgmeyer, R. A. Winholtz, H. B. Ma, D. Jacobson, and D. Hussey. 2011. “Thermal and Visual Observation of Water and Acetone Oscillating Heat Pipes.” Journal of Heat Transfer 133 (6): 1–5. doi:10.1115/1.4003546.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Q., R. Xu, R. Wang, and Y. Li. 2016. “Effect of C60 Nanofluid on the Thermal Performance of a Flat-plate Pulsating Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 100: 892–898. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.05.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Z., Y. Xing, L. Liu, P. Huang, and G. Zhao. 2020. “Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Pulsating Heat Pipe Assisted Tool Holder.” Journal of Manufacturing Processes 50: 224–233. doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.12.054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Z., Y. Yang, and C. Luo. 2016. “Design, Fabrication and Dry Cutting Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe Self-cooling Tools.” Journal of Cleaner Production 124: 276–282. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xian, H., W. Xu, Y. Zhang, X. Du, and Y. Yang. 2014. “Thermal Characteristics and Flow Patterns of Oscillating Heat Pipe with Pulse Heating.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 79: 332–341. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.08.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xian, H., W. Xu, Y. Zhang, X. Du, and Y. Yang. 2015. “Experimental Investigations of Dynamic Fluid Flow in Oscillating Heat Pipe under Pulse Heating.” Applied Thermal Engineering 88: 376–383. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.12.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, F., X. Li, P. Qian, Z. Huang, and M. Liu. 2020. “Effects of Geometry and Multisource Heat Input on Fl Ow and Heat Transfer in Single Closed-loop Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 168: 114856. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114856.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, K., Y. Ji, C. Yu, M. Wu, and H. Yi. 2019. “Experimental Investigation on an Aluminum Oscillating Heat Pipe Charged with Water.” Applied Thermal Engineering 162: 114182. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing, M., R. Wang, and J. Yu. 2020. “The Impact of Gravity on the Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe Using Surfactant Solution.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 151: 119466. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing, M., J. Yu, and R. Wang. 2017. “Performance of a Vertical Closed Pulsating Heat Pipe with Hydroxylated MWNTs Nanofluid.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 112: 81–88. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.04.112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xingyu, W., and J. I. A. Li. 2016. “Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe with Refrigerants.” Journal of Thermal Science 25 (5): 449–453. doi:10.1007/s11630-016-0883-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, D., L. Li, and H. Liu. 2016. “Experimental Investigation on the Thermal Performance of Helium Based Cryogenic Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 70: 61–68. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.08.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, D., H. Liu, L. Gong, X. Xu, and L. Li. 2015. “A Novel Pre-cooling System for a Cryogenic Pulsating Heat Pipe.” Physics Procedia 67: 687–691. doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2015.06.116.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, R., C. Zhang, H. Chen, Q. Wu, and R. Wang. 2019. “Heat Transfer Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe with Zeotropic Immiscible Binary Mixtures.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 137: 31–41. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.03.070.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, Y., Y. Xue, H. Qi, and W. Cai. 2020. “Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipes with Hybrid Working Fluids.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 157: 119727. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119727.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue, Z. H., and W. Qu. 2017. “Experimental and Theoretical Research on a Ammonia Pulsating Heat Pipe: New Full Visualization of Flow Pattern and Operating Mechanism Study.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 106: 149–166. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.09.042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, H., S. Khandekar, and M. Groll. 2008. “Operational Limit of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes.” Applied Thermal Engineering 28 (1): 49–59. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2007.01.033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, H., J. Wang, N. Wang, and F. Yang. 2019. “Energy & Buildings Experimental Study on a Pulsating Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger for Energy Saving in Air-conditioning System in Summer.” Energy and Buildings 197: 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.05.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, K. S., Y. C. Cheng, M. C. Liu, and J. C. Shyu. 2015. “Micro Pulsating Heat Pipes with Alternate Microchannel Widths.” Applied Thermal Engineering 83: 131–138. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.03.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, X. S., M. Karamanoglu, T. Luan, and S. Koziel. 2014. “Mathematical Modelling and Parameter Optimization of Pulsating Heat Pipes.” Journal of Computational Science 5 (2): 119–125. doi:10.1016/j.jocs.2013.12.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, D., H. Rajab, and H. B. Ma. 2014. “Theoretical Analysis of Maximum Filling Ratio in an Oscillating Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 74: 353–357. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.03.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, D., H. Wang, H. B. Ma, and Y. L. Ji. 2016. “Operation Limitation of an Oscillating Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 94: 366–372. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.11.039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yong-ho, P., R. Tanshen, J. Nine, C. Han-shik, and J. Hyo-min. 2012. “Characterizing Pressure Fluctuation into Single-loop Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Journal of Central South University 19 (9): 2578–2583. doi:10.1007/s11771-012-1313-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon, A., and S. J. Kim. 2017. “Characteristics of Oscillating Flow in a Micro Pulsating Heat Pipe: Fundamental-mode Oscillation.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 109: 242–253. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.02.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon, A., and S. J. Kim. 2018. “Understanding of the Thermo-hydrodynamic Coupling in a Micro Pulsating Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 127: 1004–1013. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.06.092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon, A., and S. J. Kim. 2019. “Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Oscillation Frequencies of Liquid Slugs in Micro Pulsating Heat Pipes.” Energy Conversion and Management 181: 48–58. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.11.060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon, I. 2012. “Neutron Phase Volumetry and Temperature Observations in an Oscillating Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 60: 52–60. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2012.05.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yulong Ji, Y. S., Gongwei Liu, Ma Hongbin, and Li Gen. 2013. “An Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Performance in a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 61 (2): 690–696. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.09.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yun, H., and S. Jin. 2020. “Numerical Simulation of Pulsating Heat Pipes : Parametric Investigation and Thermal Optimization.” Energy Conversion and Management 203: 112237. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., and A. Faghri. 2008. “Advances and Unsolved Issues in Pulsating Heat Pipes.” Heat Transfer Engineering 29 (1): 20–44. doi:10.1080/01457630701677114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., W. Jiang, and Z. Rao. 2018. “Operational Characteristics of Oscillating Heat Pipe with Long Heat Transport Distance for Solar Energy Application.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 98: 137–145. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2018.05.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., W. Jiang, and Z. Rao. 2019. “Thermal Performance Investigation of an Oscillating Heat Pipe with External Expansion Structure Used for Thermal Energy Recovery and Storage.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 132: 920–928. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.12.084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., J. Qu, and Z. Rao. 2017. “Experiment Investigation on Thermal Performance of a Large-scale Oscillating Heat Pipe with Self-rewetting Fluid Used for Thermal Energy Storage.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 108: 760–769. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.12.093.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, N., B. Fu, H. Ma, and F. Su. 2015. “Ultrasonic Effect on Heat Transfer Performance of Oscillating Heat Pipes.” Journal of Heat Transfer 137 (9). doi:10.1115/1.4030227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, N., D. Zhao, and H. Ma. 2012. “Experimental Investigation of Magnetic Field Effect on the Magnetic Nanofluid Oscillating Heat Pipe.” Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 5 (1). doi:10.1115/1.4007498.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, Y., X. Cui, H. Han, and S. Sun. 2014. “The Study on the Difference of the Start-up and Heat-transfer Performance of the Pulsating Heat Pipe with Water-acetone Mixtures.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 77: 834–842. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.05.042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zufar, M., P. Gunnasegaran, H. M. Kumar, and K. C. Ng. 2020. “Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Hybrid Nanofluids on Pulsating Heat Pipe Performance.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 146: 118887. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118887.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar