References
- Acharya, R. H., and A. C. Sadath. 2019. “Energy Poverty and Economic Development: Household-Level Evidence from India.” Energy and Buildings 183: 785–791. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.11.047.
- ADB. 2016. “Fossil Fuel Subsidies in Asia: Trends, Impacts, and Reforms.” Mandaluyong City, Philippines. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/182255/fossil-fuel-subsidies-asia.pdf.
- Adusah-Poku, F., and K. Takeuchi. 2019. “Household Energy Expenditure in Ghana: A Double-Hurdle Model Approach.” World Development 117: 266–277. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.01.018.
- Agarwal, B. 1997. “‘Bargaining’ and Gender Relations: Within and Beyond the Household.” Feminist Economics 3 (1): 1–51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/135457097338799.
- Alem, Y., A. D. Beyene, G. Köhlin, and A. Mekonnen. 2016. “Modeling Household Cooking Fuel Choice: A Panel Multinomial Logit Approach.” Energy Economics 59: 129–137. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2016.06.025.
- Aryal, J. P., D. B.Rahut, K. A. Mottaleb, and A. Ali. 2019. “Gender and Household Energy Choice Using Exogenous Switching Treatment Regression: Evidence from Bhutan.” Environmental Development 30: 61–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2019.04.003.
- Balabanyan, A., K. Hofer, J. Finn, and D. Hankinson. 2015. “Keeping Warm : Urban Heating Options in the Kyrgyz Republic - Summary Report.” Washington, D.C. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/555021468011161504/Keeping-warm-urban-heating-options-in-the-Kyrgyz-Republic-summary-report.
- Belaid, F., and C. Rault. 2021. “Energy Expenditure in Egypt: Empirical Evidence Based on a Quantile Regression Approach.” 8815. CESifo Working Paper. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3767687.
- Brooks, N., V. Bhojvaid, M. A. Jeuland, J. J. Lewis, O. Patange, and S. K. Pattanayak. 2016. “How Much Do Alternative Cookstoves Reduce Biomass Fuel Use? Evidence from North India.” Resource and Energy Economics 43: 153–171. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2015.12.001.
- Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2018. “Household Fuel and Energy Consumption Survey.” Nur-Sultan: Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. https://stat.gov.kz/.
- Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2021. “About Housing Stock.” Nur-Sultan: Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. https://stat.gov.kz/.
- Çelik, A. K., and E. Oktay. 2019. “Modelling Households’ Fuel Stacking Behaviour for Space Heating in Turkey Using Ordered and Unordered Discrete Choice Approaches.” Energy and Buildings 204: 109466. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109466.
- Chen, S., P. Oliva, and P. Zhang. 2017. “The Effect of Air Pollution on Migration: Evidence from China.” 24036. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3386/w24036.
- Choudhuri, P., and S. Desai. 2020. “Gender Inequalities and Household Fuel Choice in India.” Journal of Cleaner Production 265: 121487. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121487.
- Choumert-Nkolo, J., P. C. Motel, and L. Le Roux. 2019. “Stacking Up the Ladder: A Panel Data Analysis of Tanzanian Household Energy Choices.” World Development 115: 222–235. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.11.016.
- Committee for Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Ministry of Investment and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2017. “State Regulations in the Field of Architecture, Urban Planning and Construction. Building Climatology.” 2017. https://igis.kz/images/snip/stroitelnye-normativy/sp-rk-2.04-01-2017-stroitelnaya-klimatologiya.pdf.
- Couture, S., S. Garcia, and A. Reynaud. 2012. “Household Energy Choices and Fuelwood Consumption: An Econometric Approach Using French Data.” Energy Economics 34 (6): 1972–1981. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2012.08.022.
- Deaton, A., and M. Grosh. 2000. “Consumption.” In Designing Households Survey Questionnaires for Developing Countries: Lessons from Fifteen Years of the Living Standard Measurement Study, edited by M. Grosh, and P. Glewwe, 91–133. Washington, DC: World Bank.
- Gassmann, F., and R. Tsukada. 2014. “Switching off or Switching Source: Energy Consumption and Household Response to Higher Energy Prices in the Kyrgyz Republic.” Central Asian Survey 33 (4): 531–549. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2014.982979.
- Gazprom. 2015. “General Scheme of Gas Supply in Kyrgyz Republic till 2030.”
- Gould, C. F., and J. Urpelainen. 2018. “LPG as a Clean Cooking Fuel: Adoption, Use, and Impact in Rural India.” Energy Policy 122: 395–408. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.07.042.
- Gould, C. F., and J. Urpelainen. 2020. “The Gendered Nature of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stove Adoption and Use in Rural India.” The Journal of Development Studies 56 (7): 1309–1329. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2019.1657571.
- Gupta, G., and G. Köhlin. 2006. “Preferences for Domestic Fuel: Analysis with Socio-Economic Factors and Rankings in Kolkata, India.” Ecological Economics 57 (1): 107–121. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.03.010.
- Heltberg, R. 2004. “Fuel Switching: Evidence from Eight Developing Countries.” Energy Economics 26 (5): 869–887. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2004.04.018.
- Hou, B., H. Liao, and J. Huang. 2018. “Household Cooking Fuel Choice and Economic Poverty: Evidence from a Nationwide Survey in China.” Energy and Buildings 166: 319–329. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.02.012.
- Howie, P., and Z. Atakhanova. 2017. “Household Coal Demand in Rural Kazakhstan: Subsidies, Efficiency, and Alternatives.” Energy and Policy Research 4 (1): 55–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23815639.2017.1333471.
- IEA. 2019. “Data and Statistics.” 2019. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tables.
- ISDC of IZA. 2016. “‘Life in Kyrgyzstan’ Survey for 2016.” Bishkek. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15185/izadp.7055.1.
- Jaime, M. M., C. Chávez, and W. Gómez. 2020. “Fuel Choices and Fuelwood Use for Residential Heating and Cooking in Urban Areas of Central-Southern Chile: The Role of Prices, Income, and the Availability of Energy Sources and Technology.” Resource and Energy Economics 60: 101125. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2019.101125.
- Jewitt, S., P. Atagher, and M. Clifford. 2020. “‘We Cannot Stop Cooking’: Stove Stacking, Seasonality and the Risky Practices of Household Cookstove Transitions in Nigeria.” Energy Research & Social Science 61: 101340. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101340.
- Kapsalyamova, Z., R. Mishra, A. Kerimray, K. Karymshakov, and D. Azhgaliyeva. 2021. “Why Energy Access is Not Enough for Choosing Clean Cooking Fuels? Evidence from the Multinomial Logit Model.” Journal of Environmental Management 290: 112539.
- Kabeer, N. 1994. Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies in Development. London: Verso Publications.
- Kabeer, N. 1999. “Resources, Agency, Achievements: Reflections on the Measurement of Women’s Empowerment.” Development and Change 30 (3): 435–464. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00125.
- Kankaria, A., B. Nongkynrih, and S. K. Gupta. 2014. “Indoor Air Pollution in India: Implications on Health and Its Control.” Indian Journal of Community Medicine : Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine 39 (4): 203–207. doi:https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.143019.
- Kapoor, A. E., Q. Teo, D. Azhgaliyeva, and Y. Liu. 2020. “The Viability of Green Bonds as a Financing Mechanism for Green Buildings in ASEAN.” 1186. Tokyo. https://www.adb.org/publications/viabilitygreen-bonds-financing-mechanism-green-buildings-asean.
- Karimova, D. 2019. “V Kazakhstane Dostroili Gazoprovod Saryarka.” LS, December 2019. https://lsm.kz/zaversheno-stroitel-stvo-gazoprovoda-saryarka.
- Kaztransgas. 2019. “Annual Report of KazTransGas JSC for 2019.” https://www.kaztransgas.kz/images/01_reports/annual-2019-rus.pdf.
- Kenessary, D., A. Kenessary, Z. Adilgereiuly, N. Akzholova, D. Erzhanova, A. Dosmukhametov, A. Syzdykov, A.-R. Masoud, and T. Saliev. 2019. “Air Pollution in Kazakhstan and Its Health Risk Assessment.” Annals of Global Health 85 (1): 133. doi:https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2535.
- Kerimray, A., N. Baimatova, O. P. Ibragimova, B. Bukenov, B. Kenessov, P. Plotitsyn, and F. Karaca. 2020. “Assessing Air Quality Changes in Large Cities during COVID-19 Lockdowns: The Impacts of Traffic-Free Urban Conditions in Almaty, Kazakhstan.” Science of the Total Environment 730: 139179. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139179.
- Kerimray, A., R. De Miglio, L. Rojas-Solórzano, and B. P. Ó Gallachóir. 2018. “Causes of Energy Poverty in a Cold and Resource-Rich Country: Evidence from Kazakhstan.” Local Environment 23 (2): 178–197. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2017.1397613.
- Landrigan, P. J., R. Fuller, N. J. R. Acosta, O. Adeyi, R. Arnold, N. (N.) Basu, A. B. Baldé, et al. 2018. “The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health.” The Lancet 391 (10119): 462–512. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32345-0.
- Lay, J., J. Ondraczek, and J. Stoever. 2013. “Renewables in the Energy Transition: Evidence on Solar Home Systems and Lighting Fuel Choice in Kenya.” Energy Economics 40: 350–359. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2013.07.024.
- Leach, G. 1992. “The Energy Transition.” Energy Policy 20 (2): 116–123. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(92)90105-B.
- Lenzen, M., M. Wier, C. Cohen, H. Hayami, S. Pachauri, and R. Schaeffer. 2006. “A Comparative Multivariate Analysis of Household Energy Requirements in Australia, Brazil, Denmark, India and Japan.” Energy 31 (2): 181–207. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2005.01.009.
- Lewis, J. J., and S. Pattanayak. 2012. “Who Adopts Improved Fuels and Cookstoves? A Systematic Review.” Environmental Health Perspectives 120 (5): 637–645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104194.
- McLean, E. V., S. Bagchi-Sen, J. D. Atkinson, J. Ravenscroft, S. Hewner, and A. Schindel. 2019. “Country-Level Analysis of Household Fuel Transitions.” World Development 114: 267–280. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.10.006.
- Ministry of Environment of Kazakhstan. 2013. Concept on Transition of Kazakhstan to Green Economy. https://egov.kz/cms/ru/law/list/T1300000577.
- Muller, C., and H. Yan. 2018. “Household Fuel Use in Developing Countries: Review of Theory and Evidence.” Energy Economics 70: 429–439. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2018.01.024.
- Nawaz, S., and N. Iqbal. 2020. “The Impact of Unconditional Cash Transfer on Fuel Choices among Ultra-Poor in Pakistan: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from the Benazir Income Support Program.” Energy Policy 142: 111535. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111535.
- Ngui, D., J. Mutua, H. Osiolo, and E. Aligula. 2011. “Household Energy Demand in Kenya: An Application of the Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS).” Energy Policy 39 (11): 7084–7094. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.08.015.
- Ouedraogo, B. 2006. “Household Energy Preferences for Cooking in Urban Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.” Energy Policy 34 (18): 3787–3795. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2005.09.006.
- Pachauri, S., and L. Jiang. 2008. “The Household Energy Transition in India and China.” Energy Policy 36 (11): 4022–4035. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.06.016.
- Paudel, U., U. Khatri, and K. P. Pant. 2018. “Understanding the Determinants of Household Cooking Fuel Choice in Afghanistan: A Multinomial Logit Estimation.” Energy 156: 55–62.
- Rao, M. N., and B. S. Reddy. 2007. “Variations in Energy Use by Indian Households: An Analysis of Micro Level Data.” Energy 32 (2): 143–153. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.03.012.
- rp5.kz. 2021. Weather in the world. https://rp5.kz/Weather_in_the_world.
- Sabyrbekov, R., and N. Ukueva. 2019. “Transitions from Dirty to Clean Energy in Low-Income Countries: Insights from Kyrgyzstan.” Central Asian Survey 38 (2): 255–274. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2019.1605976.
- Shankar, A. V., A. K. Quinn, K. L. Dickinson, K. N. Williams, O. Masera, D. Charron, D. Jack, et al. 2020. “Everybody Stacks: Lessons from Household Energy Case Studies to Inform Design Principles for Clean Energy Transitions.” Energy Policy 141: 111468. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111468.
- Timilsina, S. M. G. R. 2014. Household Cooking Fuel Choice and Adoption of Improved Cookstoves in Developing Countries: A Review. Policy Research Working Papers. The World Bank. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6903.
- Tracking SDG 7. 2021. Country Reports. https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/countries.
- UNDP. 2012. “Energy Consumption Problems in Kazakhstan.” http://www.eep.kz/ru/ekt/analytics/reviews/?ELEMENT_ID=318.
- UNIDO. 2019. “Health and Pollution Action Plan. Kyrgyz Republic.” https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/2019-10/Kyrgyzstan HPAP.English.pdf.
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, and OECD. 2015. “Economic Cost of the Health Impact of Air Pollution in Europe: Clean Air, Health and Wealth.” Copenhagen. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/276772/Economic-cost-health-impact-air-pollution-en.pdf.
- World Bank. 2013. “Towards Cleaner Industry and Improved Air Quality Monitoring in Kazakhstan.” http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/132151468047791898/pdf/839150WP0P133300Box0382116B00OUO090.pdf.
- World Bank. 2020a. “World Bank Country and Lending Groups.” 2020. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups.
- World Bank. 2020b. “World Development Indicators.” https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators.
- Wu, X., J. Lampietti, and A. S. Meyer. 2004. “Coping with the Cold: Space Heating and the Urban Poor in Developing Countries.” Energy Economics 26 (3): 345–357. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2004.04.011.
- Xia, T., Q. Ji, D. Zhang, and J. Han. 2019. “Asymmetric and Extreme Influence of Energy Price Changes on Renewable Energy Stock Performance.” Journal of Cleaner Production 241: 118338. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118338.
- Yoshino, N., D. Azhgaliyeva, and R. Mishra. 2020. “Financing Infrastructure Using Floating-Interest-Rate Infrastructure Bond.” Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 4 (2): 306–315.
- Zhang, Y., R. F. Behnke, A. M. M. Mot, A. Kushanova, A. Iskhakova, and F. Liu. 2017a. “Municipal Energy Efficiency Plan for the City of Almaty.” Washington, DC. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28927.
- Zhang, Y., R. F. Behnke, A. M. M. Mot, A. Kushanova, and F. Liu. 2017b. “Municipal Energy Efficiency Plan for the City of Astana.” Washington, DC. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28925.
- Zhang, X.-B., and S. Hassen. 2017. “Household Fuel Choice in Urban China: Evidence from Panel Data.” Environment and Development Economics 22 (4): 392–413. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X17000092.