Engineering properties of fibre reinforced lightweight geopolymer concrete using palm oil biowastes

References

• A. C. 363R. 1997. “State of the Art Report on High-Strength Concrete.” Journal Proceedings 81 (4):23-24.
   Google Scholar
• A. R. 2009. Guide for Selecting Proportions for No-Slump Concrete. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Abdullah, A., M. M. A. B. Abdullah, H. Kamarudin, C. M. R. Ghazali, M. A. A. M. Salleh, P. K. Sang, M. T. Muhammad Faheem, et al. 2013. “Study on the Properties of Oil Palm Trunk Fiber (OPTF) in Cement Composite.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 421: 395–400. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.421. Trans Tech Publ.
   Google Scholar
• Abutaha, F., H. A. Razak, H. A. Ibrahim, and H. H. Ghayeb. 2018. “Adopting Particle-packing Method to Develop High Strength Palm Oil Clinker Concrete.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 131: 247–258. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.11.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achara, B. E., B. S. Mohammed, and M. S. Liew. November 10, 2019. “Bond Behaviour of Nano-silica-modified Self-compacting Engineered Cementitious Composite Using Response Surface Methodology.” Construction and Building Materials 224: 796–814. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ACI-318-Committee. 2014. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary. Farmington Hills: American Concrete Institute.
   Google Scholar
• ACI-Committee. 2008. ACI 544.3 R-08 Guide for Specifying Proportioning, and Productionof Fiber-Reinforced Concrete, ACI American Concrete Institute.
   Google Scholar
• ACI-Committee-211. 1991. Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight and Mass Concrete, American Concrete Insttitute, January 11, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• ACI-Committee-213. 2014. Guide for Structural Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete. Farmington Hills, Michigan: American Concrete Insttitute, 53.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmad, Z., H. Saman, and P. Tahir. 2010. “Oil Palm Trunk Fiber as a Bio-Waste Resource for Concrete Reinforcement.” International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering 5 (2): 199–207.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Akhras, N. M., M. Jamal Shannag, and A. B. Malkawi. 2015. “Evaluation of Shear-deficient Lightweight RC Beams Retrofitted with Adhesively Bonded CFRP Sheets.” European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 1–15. doi:10.1080/19648189.2015.1084383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aliques-Granero, J., T. Tognonvi, and A. Tagnit-Hamou. 2017. “Durability Test Methods and Their Application to AAMs: Case of Sulfuric-acid Resistance.” Materials and Structures 50 (1): 36. doi:10.1617/s11527-016-0904-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aslam, M., P. Shafigh, and M. Z. Jumaat. 2016. “Oil-palm By-products as Lightweight Aggregate in Concrete Mixture: A Review.” Journal of Cleaner Production 126: 56–73. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASTM C143/C143M-15a. 2015. Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C267-01(2012). 2012. Standard Test Methods for Chemical Resistance of Mortars, Grouts, and Monolithic Surfacings and Polymer Concretes. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. www.astm.org.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C39/C39M-18. 2018. Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C496/C496M-17. 2017. Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C642-13. 2013. Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C78/C78M-18. 2018. Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading). West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
   Google Scholar
• Bashar, I. I., U. J. Alengaram, M. Z. Jumaat, A. Islam, H. Santhi, and A. Sharmin. 2016. “Engineering Properties and Fracture Behaviour of High Volume Palm Oil Fuel Ash Based Fibre Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete.” Construction and Building Materials 111: 286–297. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Code, P. 2005. Eurocode 2: Design Of Concrete Structures-Part 1-1: General Rules And Rules For Buildings.
   Google Scholar
• Fauzi, A., M. F. Nuruddin, A. B. Malkawi, B. Abdullah, M. M. Al, and B. S. Mohammed. 2017. “Effect of Alkaline Solution to Fly Ash Ratio on Geopolymer Mortar Properties.” Key Engineering Materials 733. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.733.85.
   Google Scholar
• Fauzi, A., M. F. Nuruddin, A. B. Malkawi, and M. M. A. B. Abdullah. 2016. “Study of Fly Ash Characterization as a Cementitious Material.” Procedia Engineering 148: 487–493. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.535.
   Google Scholar
• Hamada, H. M., G. A. Jokhio, A. A. Al-Attar, F. M. Yahaya, K. Muthusamy, A. M. Humada, Y. Gul, et al. February 01, 2020. “The Use of Palm Oil Clinker as A Sustainable Construction Material: A Review.” Cement and Concrete Composites 106: 103447. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan, A., H. Al-Mattarneh, M. Abdullahi, M. Abu Hassan, B. Mohammed, and K. Mustafa. 2008. “Compressive Strength and Absorption of Concrete Composed of Natural and Palm Oil Clinker (POC) Aggregates.” Iccbt 2008 1(07):93–100.
   Google Scholar
• Hassan, A., M. Arif, and M. Shariq. June 20, 2019. “Use of Geopolymer Concrete for A Cleaner and Sustainable Environment – A Review of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure.” Journal of Cleaner Production 223: 704–728. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JSCE (Japan Society of CivilEngineers). 1990. “Method of Test for Shear Strength of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC).” JSCE-SF6 1:67–69.
   Google Scholar
• Kanadasan, J., and H. Abdul Razak. 2015. “Utilization of Palm Oil Clinker as Cement Replacement Material.” Materials 8 (12): 8817–8838. doi:10.3390/ma8125494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanadasan, J., A. F. A. Fauzi, H. A. Razak, P. Selliah, V. Subramaniam, and S. Yusoff. 2015. “Feasibility Studies of Palm Oil Mill Waste Aggregates for the Construction Industry.” Materials 8 (9): 6508–6530. (in eng). doi:10.3390/ma8095319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalil, H. A., M. Jawaid, A. Hassan, M. Paridah, and A. Zaidon. 2012. Oil palm biomass fibres and recent advancement in oil palm biomass fibres based hybrid biocomposites.
   Google Scholar
• Lamaming, J., R. Hashim, O. Sulaiman, C. P. Leh, T. Sugimoto, and N. A. Nordin. 2015. “Cellulose Nanocrystals Isolated from Oil Palm Trunk.” Carbohydrate Polymers 127: 202–208. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luhar, S., T.-W. Cheng, and I. Luhar. October 15, 2019. “Incorporation of Natural Waste from Agricultural and Aquacultural Farming as Supplementary Materials with Green Concrete: A Review.” Composites Part B: Engineering 175: 107076. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkawi, A. B., J. Aladwan, and M. Al-Salaheen. 2019. “Agricultural Palm Oil Wastes for Development of Structural Lightweight Concrete.” International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 10 (7):175-183.
   Google Scholar
• Malkawi, A. B., H. Al-Mattarneh, B. E. Achara, B. S. Muhammed, and M. F. Nuruddin. 2018. “Dielectric Properties for Characterization of Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Binders.” Construction and Building Materials 189: 19–32. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkawi, A. B., M. Habib, Y. Alzubi, and J. Aladwan. 2020. “Engineering Properties of Lightweight Geopolymer Concrete Using Palm Oil Clinker Aggregate.” International Journal of GEOMATE 18 (65): 186–193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkawi, A. B., M. F. Nuruddin, A. Fauzi, H. Almattarneh, and B. S. Mohammed. 2016. “Effects of Alkaline Solution on Properties of the HCFA Geopolymer Mortars.” Procedia Engineering 148: 710–717. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.581.
   Google Scholar
• Malkawi, A. B., M. F. Nuruddin, A. Fauzi, H. Al-Mattarneh, and B. S. Mohammed. 2017. “Effect of Plasticizers and Water on Properties of HCFA Geopolymers.” Key Engineering Materials 733: 76–79. Trans Tech Publ. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.733.
   Google Scholar
• Momoh, E. O., and A. I. Osofero. October 10, 2019. “Behaviour of Oil Palm Broom Fibres (OPBF) Reinforced Concrete.” Construction and Building Materials 221: 745–761. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthusamy, K., J. Mirza, N. A. Zamri, M. W. Hussin, A. P. P. Abdul Majeed, A. Kusbiantoro, A. M. Albshir Budiea, et al. 2019. “Properties of High Strength Palm Oil Clinker Lightweight Concrete Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash in Tropical Climate”. Construction and Building Materials 199: 163–177. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neville, A. M. 2011. Properties of Concrete. 5th ed. Harlow, England: Prentice Hall Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Nuruddin, M., A. Malkawi, A. Fauzi, B. Mohammed, and H. Al-Mattarneh. 2016. “Effects of Alkaline Solution on the Microstructure of HCFA Geopolymers.” Engineering Challenges for Sustainable Future 501 (505): 501–505. ROUTLEDGE in association with GSE Research.
   Google Scholar
• Nuruddin, M. F., A. B. Malkawi, A. Fauzi, B. S. Mohammed, and H. M. Almattarneh. 2016a. “Evolution of Geopolymer Binders: A Review.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 133: 012052-012060. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/133/1/012052.
   Google Scholar
• Nuruddin, M. F., A. B. Malkawi, A. Fauzi, B. S. Mohammed, and H. M. Almattarneh. 2016b. “Geopolymer Concrete for Structural Use: Recent Findings and Limitations.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 133: 012021-012029. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/133/1/012021.
   Google Scholar
• Ozerkan, N. G., B. Ahsan, S. Mansour, and S. R. Iyengar. 2013. “Mechanical Performance and Durability of Treated Palm Fiber Reinforced Mortars.” International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment 2 (2): 131–142. doi:10.1016/j.ijsbe.2014.04.002.
   Google Scholar
• Soetens, T., and S. Matthys. 2017. “Shear-stress Transfer across a Crack in Steel Fibre-reinforced Concrete.” Cement and Concrete Composites 82: 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.05.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vajje, S. 2013. “Study on Addition of the Natural Fibers into Concrete.” International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research 2 (11): 213–218.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, R., S. Ma, R. Wong, and K. Chau. 2007. “Shear Strength Components of Concrete under Direct Shearing.” Cement and Concrete Research 37 (8): 1248–1256. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.02.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar