Instrumental and vocal teachers in the United Kingdom: demographic characteristics, educational pathways, and beliefs about qualification requirements

References

• Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music. 2014. Making Music: Teaching, Learning and Playing in the UK. London: ABRSM (Publishing) Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Association of Graduate Careers Advisory Services Editors. 2012. Private Music Teacher: Entry Requirements. http://www.prospects.ac.uk/private_music_teacher_entry_requirements.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson, R., and K. Flint. 2001. “Accessing Hidden and Hard-To-Reach Populations: Snowball Research Strategies.” Social Research Update 33. http://sru.soc.surrey.ac.uk/SRU33.html.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, D. C. 2006. “Life Histories of Music Service Teachers: The Past in Inductees’ Present.” British Journal of Music Education 23 (1): 39–50.
   Google Scholar
• Ball, D. L., and F. M. Forzani. 2009. “The Work of Teaching and the Challenge for Teacher Education.” Journal of Teacher Education 60: 497–511.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, D. 2008. Understanding the Classical Music Profession: The Past, the Present and Strategies for the Future. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3: 77–101.
   Google Scholar
• Burkett, E. I. 2011. “A Case Study of Issues Concerning Professional Development for Rural Instrumental Music Teachers.” Journal of Music Teacher Education 21 (1): 51–64.
   Google Scholar
• Burwell, K. 2005. “A Degree of Independence: Teachers’ Approaches to Instrumental Tuition in a University College.” British Journal of Music Education 22 (3): 199–215.
   Google Scholar
• Creech, A. 2009. “Teacher-Pupil-Parent Triads: A Typology of Interpersonal Interaction in the Context of Learning a Musical Instrument.” Musicæ Scientiæ 13 (2): 387–413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., V. L. P. Clark, M. L. Gutmann, and W. E. Hanson. 2003. “Advanced Mixed Methods Research Designs.” In Handbook of Mixed Methods Research in Social and Behavioural Research, edited by A. Tashakkori and C. Teddlie, 209–240. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Department for Education. 2013. Statistical First Release: School Workforce in England (November 2013). Accessed December 21, 2018. https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/statistics-school-workforce.
   Google Scholar
• Fernández González, M. J. 2018. “Undergraduate Students’ Strategies for Negotiating Emerging Performer and Teacher Identities.” Psychology of Music 46 (6): 813–830.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnett, J. 2014. “Musician and Teacher: Employability and Identity.” Music Education Research 16 (2): 127–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaunt, H. 2008. “One-To-One Tuition in a Conservatoire: The Perceptions of Instrumental and Vocal Teachers.” Psychology of Music 36 (2): 215–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaunt, H., A. Creech, M. Long, and S. Hallam. 2012. “Supporting Conservatoire Students Towards Professional Integration: One-To-One Tuition and the Potential of Mentoring.” Music Education Research 14 (1): 25–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodson, I. 1981. “Life Histories and the Study of Schooling.” Interchange 11 (4): 62–76.
   Google Scholar
• Haddon, E. 2009. “Instrumental and Vocal Teaching: How Do Music Students Learn to Teach?” British Journal of Music Education 26 (1): 57–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddon, L. 2013. “Continuing Professional Development for the Musician as Teacher in a University Context.” In Developing the Musician: Contemporary Perspectives on Teaching and Learning, edited by M. Stakelum, 191–206. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Hallam, S., and H. Gaunt. 2012. Preparing for Success: A Practical Guide for Young Musicians. London: Institute of Education, University of London.
   Google Scholar
• Haston, W., and A. Leon-Guerrero. 2008. “Sources of Pedagogical Content Knowledge: Reports by Preservice Instrumental Music Teachers.” Journal of Music Teacher Education 17 (2): 48–59.
   Google Scholar
• Henley, D. 2011. Music Education in England: A Review by Darren Henley for the Department for Education and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/standard/AllPublications/Page11/DFE-00011-2011.
   Google Scholar
• Huhtanen, K. 2004. “Once I Had a Promising Future (Facing Reality as an Ex-Promising Pianist).” Australian Music Forum 10 (3): 21–27.
   Google Scholar
• Jorgensen, E. 2008. The Art of Teaching Music. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, A. V. 2009. The Curriculum: Theory and Practice. 6th ed. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lennon, M., and G. Reed. 2012. “Instrumental and Vocal Teacher Education: Competences, Roles and Curricula.” Music Education Research 14 (3): 285–308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lortie, D. 1975. Schoolteacher: A Sociological Study. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Manturzewska, M. 1990. “A Biographical Study of the Life-Span Development of Professional Musicians.” Psychology of Music 18: 112–139.
   Google Scholar
• Millican, J. Si. 2013. “Describing Instrumental Music Teachers’ Thinking: Implications for Understanding Pedagogical Content Knowledge.” Update: Applications of Research in Music Education 31 (2): 45–53.
   Google Scholar
• Mills, J. 2002. “Conservatoire Students’ Perceptions of the Characteristics of Effective Instrumental and Vocal Tuition.” Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education 153/154: 78–82.
   Google Scholar
• Mills, J. 2004. “Conservatoire Students as Instrumental Teachers.” In Proceedings of the 20th Seminar of the International Society for Music Education Research Commission, edited by J. Tafuri, 145–153. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. July 4–10.
   Google Scholar
• Mills, J. 2006. “Performing and Teaching: The Beliefs and Experience of Music Students as Instrumental Teachers.” Psychology of Music 34 (3): 372–390.
   Google Scholar
• Mills, J., and J. Smith. 2003. “Teachers’ Beliefs About Effective Instrumental Teaching in Schools and Higher Education.” British Journal of Music Education 20 (1): 5–27.
   Google Scholar
• Norton, N. C. 2016. “Health Promotion in Instrumental and Vocal Music Lessons: The Teacher’s Perspective.” Unpublished doctoral dissertation., Manchester Metropolitan University and the Royal Northern College of Music.
   Google Scholar
• Odena, O., and G. Welch. 2009. “A Generative Model of Teachers’ Thinking on Musical Creativity.” Psychology of Music 37 (4): 416–442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Office for National Statistics. 2013. Graduates in the UK Labour Market: 2013. Accessed December 21, 2018. https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/graduatesintheuklabourmarket/2013-11-19.
   Google Scholar
• Parkes, K. A., and R. Daniel. 2013. “Motivations Impacting Upon Music Instrument Teachers’ Decisions to Teach and Perform in Higher Education.” British Journal of Music Education 30 (3): 397–414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polifonia Working Group. 2010. Instrumental and Vocal Teacher Education: European Perspectives. Utrecht: Association Européenne des Conservatoires.
   Google Scholar
• Purser, D. 2005. “Performers as Teachers: Exploring the Teaching Approaches of Instrumental Teachers in Conservatoires.” British Journal of Music Education 22 (3): 287–298.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. 2011. The Canadian Population in 2011: Population Counts and Growth. Accessed December 21, 2018. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/98-310-x/98-310-x2011001-eng.cfm.
   Google Scholar
• Steele, N. A. 2010. “Three Characteristics of Effective Teachers.” Update: Applications of Research in Music Education 28 (2): 71–78.
   Google Scholar
• The Music Commission. 2019. Returning Our Ambition for Music Learning: Every Child Taking Music Further. Accessed July 29, 2019. http://www.musiccommission.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/WEB-Retuning-our-Ambition-for-Music-Learning.indd_.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Upitis, R., P. C. Abrami, J. Brook, K. Boese, and M. King. 2017. “Characteristics of Independent Music Teachers.” Music Education Research 19 (2): 169–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welch, G. F., R. Purves, D. J. Hargreaves, and N. Marshall. 2010. “Reflections on the Teacher Identities in Music Education [TIME] Project.” Action, Criticism & Theory for Music Education 9 (2): 11–32.
   Google Scholar