Social impacts arising from road infrastructure projects in Sub-Saharan Africa: better management of social issues is needed in road construction, upgrading and rehabilitation

References

• Alamgir M, Campbell M, Sloan S, Goosem M, Clements G, Mahmoud M, Laurance W. 2017. Economic, socio-political and environmental risks of road development in the tropics. Curr Biol. 27(20):R1130–R1140. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.08.067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anassi P. 2004. Corruption in Africa: The Kenyan Experience. Victoria, BC, Canada: Trafford.
   Google Scholar
• Anciaes P, Metcalfe P, Heywood C. 2017. Social impacts of road traffic: perceptions and priorities of local residents. Impact Assess Project Appraisal. 35(2):172–183. doi: 10.1080/14615517.2016.1269464.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asian Development Bank. 2008. Healthy Together, Our Future: Guidebook for HIV/AIDS/STI Prevention in the context of Mining and Transport. Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/33483/social-analysis-transport-projects_0.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Bice S, Neely K, Einfeld C. 2019. Next generation engagement: setting a research agenda for community engagement in Australia’s infrastructure sector. Australian J Public Adm. 78:290–310. doi: 10.1111/1467-8500.12381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamseddine Z, Boubkr A. 2020. Exploring the place of social impacts in urban transport planning: the case of Casablanca city. Urban Plann Transp Res. 8(1):138–157. doi: 10.1080/21650020.2020.1752793.
   Google Scholar
• Clements G, Aziz S, Bulan R, Giam X, Bentrupperbaumer J, Goosem M, Laurance S, Laurance W. 2018. Not everyone wants roads: assessing indigenous people’s support for roads in a globally important tiger conservation landscape. Hum Ecol. 46(6):909–915. doi: 10.1007/s10745-018-0029-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis S. 1977. Victims of the miracle: development and the Indians of Brazil. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Esteves AM, Factor G, Vanclay F, Götzmann N, Moreiro S. 2017. Adapting social impact assessment to address a project’s human rights impacts and risks. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 67:73–87. doi: 10.1016/j.eiar.2017.07.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esteves AM, Franks D, Vanclay F. 2012. Social impact assessment: the state of the art. Impact Assess Project Appraisal. 30(1):34–42. doi: 10.1080/14615517.2012.660356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan S, Chan-Kang C. 2005. Road development, economic growth, and poverty reduction in China. International Food Policy Research Institute. https://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/80777/filename/80778.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Findlay C, Bourdages J. 2000. Response time of wetland biodiversity to road construction on adjacent lands. Conserv Biol. 14(1):86–94. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99086.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Food and Agriculture Organization. 2022. Voluntary guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests in the context of national food security (rev edn). Rome. 10.4060/i2801e.
   Google Scholar
• Gerrits R. 2024. Managing influx: project-induced in-migration. In: Vanclay F Esteves AM, editors. Handbook of social impact assessment and management. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; p. 412–425.
   Google Scholar
• Geurs K, Boon W, van Wee B. 2009. Social impacts of transport: literature review and the state of the practice of transport appraisal in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Transp Rev. 29(1):69–90. doi: 10.1080/01441640802130490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh P, Dinda S. 2022. Revisited the relationship between economic growth and transport infrastructure in India: an empirical study. The Indian Econ J. 70(1):34–52. doi: 10.1177/00194662211063535.
   Google Scholar
• Gichaga F. 2017. The impact of road improvements on road safety and related characteristics. IATSS Res. 40(2):72–75. doi: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2016.05.002.
   Google Scholar
• Greening T. 2011. Quantifying the impacts of vehicle-generated dust. Washington (DC): Word Bank. 10.1596/27891.
   Google Scholar
• Gulakov I, Vanclay F. 2024. Continuing to put people first: embedding community investment in the sustainability standards of international financial institutions. Sustain Devel. doi: 10.1002/sd.3003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanna P, Vanclay F, Langdon EJ, Arts J. 2016. Conceptualizing social protest and the significance of protest action to large projects. Extractive Industries Soc. 3(1):217–239. doi: 10.1016/j.exis.2015.10.006.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey P, Knox H. 2015. Roads: an anthropology of infrastructure and expertise. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Herrera Dappe M, Alam M, Andres L. 2021. The road to opportunities in rural India: the economic and social impacts of PMGSY. Washington (DC): Word Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/8e21abab-d9a1-5a4f-812c-cce37defab35/content.
   Google Scholar
• [IFC] International Finance Corporation. 2023. Good practice handbook: land acquisition and involuntary resettlement. International Finance Corporation. https://www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2023/ifc-handbook-for-land-acquisition-and-involuntary-resettlement.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Jalava K, Haakana A-M, Kuitunen M. 2015. The rationale for and practice of EIA follow-up: an analysis of Finnish road projects. Impact Assess Project Appraisal. 33(4):255–264. doi: 10.1080/14615517.2015.1069997.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayawardena S. 2011. Right of way: a journey of resettlement. Colombo: Centre for Poverty Analysis. https://www.cepa.lk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Right-of-Way-English.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Kahangirwe P, Vanclay F. 2022. Evaluating the effectiveness of a national environmental and social impact assessment system: lessons from Uganda. Impact Assess Project Appraisal. 40(1):75–87. doi: 10.1080/14615517.2021.1991202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan R, Strand R. 2018. Road dust and its effect on human health: a literature review. Epidemiol Health. 40:e2018013. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2018013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanani R, Adugbila E, Martinez J, Pfeffer K. 2021. The impact of road infrastructure development projects on local communities in peri urban areas: the case of Kisumu, Kenya and Accra Ghana. Int J Community Well-Being. 4(1):33–53. doi: 10.1007/s42413-020-00077-4.
   Google Scholar
• Kilajian A, Chareonsudjai P. 2021. Conflict resolution and community engagement in post-audit EIA environmental management: lessons learned from a mining community in Thailand. Environ Challenges. 5:100253. doi: 10.1016/j.envc.2021.100253.
   Google Scholar
• Kuteesa A. 2014. Local communities and oil discoveries: a study in Uganda’s Albertine Graben Region. Washington (DC): Brookings Institute. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2014/02/25/local-communities-and-oil-discoveries-a-study-inugandas-albertine-graben-region/.
   Google Scholar
• Lee J, Arts J, Vanclay F, Ward J. 2020. Examining the social outcomes from urban transport infrastructure: long-term consequences of spatial changes and varied interests at multiple levels. Sustainability. 12(15):5907. doi: 10.3390/su12155907.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legacy C. 2017. Infrastructure planning: in a state of panic? Urban Policy Res. 35(1):61–73. doi: 10.1080/08111146.2016.1235033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas K, Philips I, Verlinghieri E. 2022. A mixed methods approach to the social assessment of transport infrastructure projects. Transportation. 49(1):271–291. doi: 10.1007/s11116-021-10176-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MLHUD. 2017. Guidelines for compensation assessment under land acquisition. Uganda Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development; https://mlhud.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Guidelines-for-Compensation-Assessment-under-Land-Acquisition.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Montgomery R, Schirmer H, Hirsch A. 2015. Improving environmental sustainability in road projects. Washington (DC): World Bank; https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/220111468272038921/pdf/939030REVISED0Env0Sust0Roads0web.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Mottee L, Arts J, Vanclay F, Miller F, Howitt R. 2020. Metro infrastructure planning in Amsterdam: how are social issues managed in the absence of environmental and social impact assessment? Impact Assess Project Appraisal. 38(4):320–335. doi: 10.1080/14615517.2020.1741918.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhoza C, Kløcker Larsen R, Diaz-Chavez R. 2023. Equity on the road in Uganda: how do interface bureaucrats integrate marginalized groups in the transport sector? J Transp Geogr. 113:103738. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103738.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Museveni. 2021. Achievements. Yoweri Museveni President. https://www.yowerikmuseveni.com/achievements.
   Google Scholar
• Muvawala J, Sebukeera H, Ssebulime K. 2021. Socio-economic impacts of transport infrastructure investment in Uganda: insight from frontloading expenditure on Uganda’s urban roads and highways. J Transp Geogr. 88:100971. doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2020.100971.
   Google Scholar
• North P. 1998. ‘Save our Solsbury!’: the anatomy of an anti‐roads protest. Environ Polit. 7(3):1–25. doi: 10.1080/09644019808414406.
   Google Scholar
• [NPA] National Planning Authority. 2013. Uganda vision 2040. Uganda National Planning Authority. http://www.npa.go.ug/uganda-vision-2040/.
   Google Scholar
• [NPA] National Planning Authority. 2020. Uganda third national development plan 2020–25. Uganda National Planning Authority. http://www.npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/NDPIII-Finale_Compressed.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ogwang T, Vanclay F. 2019. Social impacts of land acquisition for oil and gas development in Uganda. Land. 8(7):109. doi: 10.3390/land8070109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogwang T, Vanclay F. 2021a. Cut-off and forgotten?: livelihood disruption, social impacts and food insecurity arising from the east African crude oil pipeline. Energy Res Soc Sci. 74:101970. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2021.101970.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogwang T, Vanclay F. 2021b. Resource financed infrastructure: thoughts on four Chinese-financed projects in Uganda. Sustainability. 13(6):3259. doi: 10.3390/su13063259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oluseye O. 2024. Exploring potential political corruption in large-scale infrastructure projects in Nigeria. Project Leadersh Soc. 5:100108. doi: 10.1016/j.plas.2023.100108.
   Google Scholar
• Povoroznyuk O, Vincent W, Schweitzer P, Laptander R, Bennett M, Calmels F, Sergeev D, Arp C, Forbes B, Roy-Léveillée P, et al. 2023. Arctic roads and railways: social and environmental consequences of transport infrastructure in the circumpolar North. Arct Sci. 9(2):297–330. doi: 10.1139/as-2021-0033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Queiroz C, Gautam S. 1992. Road infrastructure and economic development: some diagnostic indicators. Washington (DC): World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/383071468739248249/pdf/multi-page.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson R, Thagesen B, editors. 2004. Road engineering for development. 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Sedegah D, Tuffour M, Premkumar J. 2023. We have fears: farmers’ eviction concerns of Tema motorway expansion, Ghana. Cogent Soc Sci. 9(1). doi: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2187009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth E, Vanclay F. 2017. The social framework for projects: a conceptual but practical model to assist in assessing, planning and managing the social impacts of projects. Impact Assess Project Appraisal. 35(1):65–80. doi: 10.1080/14615517.2016.1271539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth E, Vanclay F. 2024. Social impacts of land acquisition, resettlement, and restrictions on land use. In: Vanclay F Esteves AM, editors. Handbook of social impact assessment and management. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; p. 355–376.
   Google Scholar
• Stjernborg V. 2023. Social impact assessments (SIA) in larger infrastructure investments in Sweden: the view of experts and practitioners. Impact Assess Project Appraisal. 41(6):463–475. doi: 10.1080/14615517.2023.2263236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stolp A, Groen W, van Vliet J, Vanclay F. 2002. Citizen values assessment: incorporating citizens’ value judgements in environmental impact assessment. Impact Assess Project Appraisal. 20(1):11–23. doi: 10.3152/147154602781766852.
   Google Scholar
• Tanzarn N. 2017. Scaling up gender mainstreaming in rural transport: policies, practices, impacts and monitoring processes final case study report: uganda. Africa Community Access Partnership. https://www.research4cap.org/ral/Tanzarn-IFRTD-2017-ScalingUpGMPoliciesPracticesImpactsMonitoringProcesses-UgandaCS-AfCAP-RAF2044J-171213-redacted.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Tserendorj S, Tsevelmaa Baldan T, Marshall P. 2013. Healthy together, our future: guidebook for HIV/AIDS/STI prevention in the context of mining and transport. Manilla: Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-document/81922/42027-012-dpta.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Tsunokawa K, Hoban C, eds 1997. Roads and the environment: a handbook. Washington, D.C: World Bank. https://www.cbd.int/financial/doc/wb-roadsandenvironment1997.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Uganda. 1998. The land act (chapter 227). Ministry of Land, Housing & Urban Development. https://mlhud.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Land-Act-Chapter_227.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Uganda. 2019. Roads act, 2019. https://ulii.org/akn/ug/act/2019/16/eng@2019-09-25.
   Google Scholar
• UKDOT. 2023. Road lengths in Great Britain: 2022. United Kingdom Department of Transport. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/road-lengths-in-great-britain-2022/road-lengths-in-great-britain-2022.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2001. Multistage environmental and social impact assessment of road projects: guidelines for a comprehensive process. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. ST/ESCAP/2177. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=ae804a12948f81f7f54e6f2fcb3b0a1c5b140e7f.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2011. Guiding principles on business and human rights. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/guidingprinciplesbusinesshr_en.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• [UNRA] Uganda National Roads Authority. 2020. UNRA corporate strategic plan 2020/21-2024/25. Uganda National Roads Authority. https://www.unra.go.ug/resources/unra-strategic-plans/unra-corporate-strategic-plan-2020-21-2024-25.
   Google Scholar
• [UNRA] Uganda National Roads Authority. 2021. End of year performance for FY 2021/22 media briefing by the Executive Director. Uganda National Roads Authority. https://www.unra.go.ug/projects/roads
   Google Scholar
• [UNRA] Uganda National Roads Authority. 2022. UNRA projects status report for June 2022. Uganda National Roads Authority. https://www.unra.go.ug/resources/publications/annual-performance-reports/projects-status-report-for-june-2022.
   Google Scholar
• [UNRA] Uganda National Roads Authority. 2023. National roads projects status report, March 2023. Uganda National Roads Authority. https://www.unra.go.ug/projects/roads
   Google Scholar
• Vanclay F. 2002. Conceptualising social impacts. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 22(3):183–211. doi: 10.1016/S0195-9255(01)00105-6.
   Google Scholar
• Vanclay F. 2017. Project induced displacement and resettlement: from impoverishment risks to livelihood enhancement and an opportunity for development. Impact Assess Project Appraisal. 35(1):3–21. doi: 10.1080/14615517.2017.1278671.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanclay F. 2024. Benefit sharing and enhancing outcomes for project-affected communities. In: Vanclay F Esteves AM, editors. Handbook of social impact assessment and management. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; p. 426–443.
   Google Scholar
• Vanclay F, Baines J, Taylor CN. 2013. Principles for ethical research involving humans: ethical professional practice in impact assessment part I. Impact Assess Project Appraisal. 31(4):243–253. doi: 10.1080/14615517.2013.850307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanclay F, Esteves AM, Aucamp I, Franks D. 2015. Social impact assessment: guidance for assessing and managing the social impacts of projects. Fargo (ND): International Association for Impact Assessment. https://www.iaia.org/uploads/pdf/SIA_Guidance_Document_IAIA.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Vanclay F, Hanna P. 2019. Conceptualising company response to community protest: principles to achieve a social license to operate. Land. 8(6):101. doi: 10.3390/land8060101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vijayakumar A, Mahmood M, Gurmu A, Kamardeen I, Alam S. 2023. Social sustainability assessment of road infrastructure: a systematic literature review. Qual Quantity. 58(2):1039–1069. doi: 10.1007/s11135-023-01683-y.
   Google Scholar
• Vilela T, Harb A, Bruner A, da Silva Arruda V, Ribeiro V, Alencar A, Escobedo Grandez A, Rojas A, Laina A, Botero R. 2020. A better Amazon road network for people and the environment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117. p. 7095–7102. 10.1073/pnas.1910853117.
   Google Scholar
• Walker R, Perz S, Arima E, Simmons C. 2011. The TransAmazon highway: past, present, future. In: Brunn S, editor. Engineering earth: the impacts of megaengineering projects. Springer; p. 569–599. 10.1007/978-90-481-9920-4_33.
   Google Scholar
• Wan Z, Titheridge H, Hou N. 2024. Current social impact assessment practices for transport projects and plans in Chinese cities. Impact Assess Project Appraisal. 42(2):141–159. doi: 10.1080/14615517.2024.2317523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2017. Working together to prevent sexual exploitation and abuse: recommendations for world bank investment projects. Washington (DC): World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/482251502095751999/pdf/117972-WP-PUBLIC-recommendations.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2019a. From crisis to opportunity: addressing risks of gender-based violence across the Uganda Portfolio. Washington (DC): World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/205561563917898576/pdf/From-Crisis-to-Opportunity-Addressing-Risks-of-Gender-Based-Violence-Across-the-Uganda-Portfolio.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2019b. Good practice note: road safety. Washington (DC): World Bank. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/648681570135612401-0290022019/original/GoodPracticeNoteRoadSafety.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2019c. Hopes, costs and uneven burden: the impacts of labor influx from road projects on women and girls in rural Malawi. Washington (DC): World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/390121557142364783/pdf/The-Impacts-of-Labor-Influx-from-Road-Projects-on-Women-and-Girls-in-Rural-Malawi-Hopes-Costs-and-Uneven-Burden.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank Inspection Panel. 2016. Republic of Uganda, transport sector development project – additional financing (P121097): investigation report 106710-UG. Washington (DC): World Bank Inspection Panel. https://www.inspectionpanel.org/sites/default/files/ip/PanelCases/98-Inspection%20Panel%20Investigation%20Report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank Inspection Panel. 2018. Democratic Republic of Congo second additional financing for the high-priority roads reopening and maintenance project (P153836). Investigation Report 124033-ZR. Washington (DC): World Bank Inspection Panel. https://www.inspectionpanel.org/sites/ip-ms8.extcc.com/files/cases/documents/120- Inspection %20Panel%20Investigation%20Report%28English%29-27%20April%202018.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank Inspection Panel. 2020. Insights from the World Bank Inspection Panel: responding to project gender-based violence complaints through an Independent Accountability Mechanism. Washington (DC): World Bank Inspection Panel. https://www.inspectionpanel.org/sites/default/files/publications/Emerging%20Lessons%20Series%20No.%206-GBV.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank Inspection Panel. 2024. Bolivia: Santa Cruz Road corridor connector project (San Ignacio-San José) (P152281). Investigation Report 187506-BO. Washington (DC): World Bank Inspection Panel. https://www.inspectionpanel.org/sites/default/files/cases/documents/162-Inspection%20Panel%20Investigation%20Report-12%20February%202024.pdf.
   Google Scholar